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Lu JB, He PY, Luo Q, Wang W, Peng YC, Zhang WN, Zhang J, Cao HQ, Sheng CW. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detecting Gly-4891-Glu and Ile-4734 Multiple Mutations of Ryanodine Receptor in the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19948-19956. [PMID: 39186810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The key mutations, such as the Gly-4891-Glu substitution and the Ile-4734 multiple substitutions within the ryanodine receptors (RyR), are linked to diamide resistance in fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. In this study, we found that FAW remained sensitive to cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole, while its sensitivity to flubendiamide was reduced. Moreover, a low level of heterozygous mutation at I4743 was observed. To facilitate the detection procedure of these mutations, a simple and efficient loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol was developed for operation. The reaction for detecting the G4891E and I4743 single or multiple mutations was carried out at 68 °C for 85 min and 68 °C for 85 min or 68 °C for 65 min, respectively. These LAMP reactions can be easily observed via visualization of the color change from pink to yellow. This assay provides a simple, convenient, and effective means of detecting mutations in the RyR of FAW for pest management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Pei-Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Ying-Chuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Wan-Na Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Cheng-Wang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Bio-Safety, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
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Hong Z, Michel AP, Long EY. Optimizing a rapid LAMP assay for discrimination of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from common drosophilids captured in monitoring traps from the Midwest, United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1391-1397. [PMID: 37300369 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spotted-wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is an economically important pest of small fruits worldwide. Currently, the timing of management strategies relies on detection of adult flies captured in baited monitoring traps; however, identifying D. suzukii in trap catch based on morphology can be challenging for growers. DNA-based diagnostic methods such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have the potential to improve D. suzukii detection. This study evaluated a LAMP assay as a diagnostic tool to discriminate between D. suzukii and closely related drosophilid species found commonly in monitoring traps in the Midwestern United States. Targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, we found the LAMP assay accurately detected D. suzukii with as little as 0.1 ng/μl of DNA at 63 °C for 50 min. Under these optimal incubation conditions, D. suzukii could be discriminated from D. affinis and D. simulans consistently, when specimens collected from liquid monitoring traps were tested independently. Compared to other DNA-based diagnostic tools for D. suzukii, LAMP offers unique benefits: DNA extraction is not required, testing occurs at one temperature in less than 1 h, and positive results are visible as a colorimetric change from pink to yellow. The LAMP assay for D. suzukii can reduce reliance on morphological identification, enhance the adoption of monitoring tools, and improve accuracy of detection. Further optimization can be conducted to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of results when a mixture of DNA from both D. suzukii and congener flies are tested in a single LAMP reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Hong
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew P Michel
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Long
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Rahman MM, Nam H, Choi N, Kim J. Development of Molecular-Based Species Identification and Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Molecular Diagnosis of Three Major Asian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:124. [PMID: 36835693 PMCID: PMC9962309 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Asian planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) that include brown planthoppers (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens, Stål), white-backed planthoppers (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera, Horváth), and small brown planthoppers (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus, Fallén) are the primary sucking-type pests of rice. These three insects share morphological and sequence similarities. As insecticide resistance patterns and control strategies vary according to species, the accurate discrimination of these species is important. Here, we developed six species-specific primers based on partial mitochondrial genome sequences. The primers were successfully used in multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays, and conventional PCR. Here, we used genomic DNA obtained using the DNA-releasing technique (tissue samples were incubated at 95 °C for 5 min with 30 μL nuclease-free water, and the supernatant was used). We showed that multiplex PCR could analyze the density of each species following a mass collection in the field; the LAMP assay can diagnose the species within 40 min; conventional PCR can be widely applied to a large number of field samples, as well as individuals or mass collections. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential of the species-specific primers and DNA-releasing technique for accurate multiplex PCR and LAMP assays, which may assist the intensive field monitoring of integrated management of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md-Mafizur Rahman
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Hwayeun Nam
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Incheon International Airport Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Incheon 22382, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakjung Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Program of Applied Biology, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Rane R, Walsh TK, Lenancker P, Gock A, Dao TH, Nguyen VL, Khin TN, Amalin D, Chittarath K, Faheem M, Annamalai S, Thanarajoo SS, Trisyono YA, Khay S, Kim J, Kuniata L, Powell K, Kalyebi A, Otim MH, Nam K, d’Alençon E, Gordon KHJ, Tay WT. Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:660. [PMID: 36635481 PMCID: PMC9837037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is thought to have undergone a rapid 'west-to-east' spread since 2016 when it was first identified in western Africa. Between 2018 and 2020, it was recorded from South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), East Asia (EA), and Pacific/Australia (PA). Population genomic analyses enabled the understanding of pathways, population sources, and gene flow in this notorious agricultural pest species. Using neutral single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) DNA markers, we detected genome introgression that suggested most populations in this study were overwhelmingly C- and R-strain hybrids (n = 252/262). SNP and mitochondrial DNA markers identified multiple introductions that were most parsimoniously explained by anthropogenic-assisted spread, i.e., associated with international trade of live/fresh plants and plant products, and involved 'bridgehead populations' in countries to enable successful pest establishment in neighbouring countries. Distinct population genomic signatures between Myanmar and China do not support the 'African origin spread' nor the 'Myanmar source population to China' hypotheses. Significant genetic differentiation between populations from different Australian states supported multiple pathways involving distinct SEA populations. Our study identified Asia as a biosecurity hotspot and a FAW genetic melting pot, and demonstrated the use of genome analysis to disentangle preventable human-assisted pest introductions from unpreventable natural pest spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rane
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Thomas K. Walsh
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Pauline Lenancker
- grid.467576.1Sugar Research Australia, 71378 Bruce Highway, Gordonvale, QLD 4865 Australia
| | - Andrew Gock
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Thi Hang Dao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Divina Amalin
- grid.411987.20000 0001 2153 4317Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Muhammad Faheem
- CAB International Southeast Asia, Serdang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Y. Andi Trisyono
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sathya Khay
- grid.473388.3Plant Protection Division of CARDI, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Juil Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lastus Kuniata
- grid.473451.0New Britain Palm Oil, Ramu Agri Industry Ltd., Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kevin Powell
- grid.467576.1Sugar Research Australia, 71378 Bruce Highway, Gordonvale, QLD 4865 Australia
| | | | - Michael H. Otim
- grid.463519.c0000 0000 9021 5435National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kiwoong Nam
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Karl H. J. Gordon
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. .,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Park SR, Lee DE, Nam HY, Kim J, Lee SH, Kim JH. Development of Multiplex PCR-based Protocols for Simultaneous Caterpillar Diagnosis of Three Spodoptera and One Mamestra Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1703-1711. [PMID: 35640235 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since many noctuid moth species are highly destructive crop pests, it is essential to establish proper management strategies, which primarily require accurate and rapid species identification. However, diagnosis of noctuid species in the field, particularly at the larval stage, is very difficult due to their morphological similarity and individual color variation. In particular, caterpillars of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), and Mamestra brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are hard to be identified by morphology and frequently found on the same host crops in the same season, thus requiring a reliable species diagnosis method. To efficiently diagnose these species, we identified species-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences and developed two molecular species diagnosis protocols using ITS1 markers. The first protocol was multiplex conventional PCR in conjunction with subsequent gel electrophoresis for species identification based on amplicon size. The second protocol was based on multiplex real-time PCR using fluorescent dye-labeled primers for single-step diagnosis. Template genomic DNA (gDNA) prepared by the DNA release method was also suitable for both protocols as the template prepared by DNA extraction. The two protocols enabled rapid and robust species diagnosis using a single multiplex PCR step. Depending on laboratory instrumentation, one of the two protocols can be easily adapted for species diagnosis of the four noctuid caterpillars in the field, which is essential for establishing proper management strategies. The multiplex real-time PCR protocol, in particular, will facilitate accurate diagnosis of the four species in a single step regardless of template gDNA quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryeo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Eun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeun Nam
- Program of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Program of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A LAMP Assay for the Detection of Thecodiplosis japonensis, an Alien Gall Midge Species Pest of Pine Trees. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060540. [PMID: 35735877 PMCID: PMC9225623 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thecodiplosis japonensis is considered the most harmful pest to pines in South Korea. T. japonensis is a native species of Japan. Recently, T. japonensis was discovered in China and has caused serious damage to local pine trees. Due to the small size and little morphological difference with its related species, it is difficult to accurately identify T. japonensis by morphological methods. Accurate and efficient molecular identification methods are urgently needed to detect this invasive gall midge pest, yet there was no molecular identification method for T. japonensis. In this study, we developed a LAMP assay to detect T. japonensis based on the COI gene sequence. The LAMP assay could detect as little as 300 fg of gDNA. Using colorimetric amplification and a crude gDNA extraction method, the total procedure could be processed in 75 min. The method established in the study can be easily used in both laboratory and field conditions, enabling rapid molecular identification of T. japonensis. Abstract Pine needle gall midge (T. japonensis), native to Japan, has become a serious invasive pest in South Korea and, more recently in 2006, in China. It was first discovered in Qingdao, Shandong Province, and has caused serious damage to local Pinus thunbergii. The insect’s small size makes morphological-based identification difficult; therefore, molecular detection techniques are urgently needed for monitoring and preventing its further spread. At present, there is no simple and accurate field molecular identification tool. To solve this problem, a LAMP-based molecular diagnosis technology of T. japonensis was developed. Four LAMP primers were designed to specifically amplify T. japonensis DNA. Positive LAMP reactions usually produce amplification in one hour. The optimal incubation conditions for LAMP detection were determined with 4 LAMP primers for 60 min at 61 °C. The LAMP detection range of gDNA concentrations is wide, with a minimum detectable gDNA concentration of 300 fg. A non-destructive DNA-releasing procedure, HotSHOT “HS6”, which could extract “crude DNA” for LAMP assay in 10 min, was used for larval and adult samples. Therefore, we established a LAMP-based rapid molecular identification method that can be applied in the monitoring and management of T. japonensis.
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Idrees A, Qadir ZA, Afzal A, Ranran Q, Li J. Laboratory efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides against second instar invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265265. [PMID: 35576188 PMCID: PMC9109910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is the most essential crop of China and its productivity has been recently endangered by the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. Chemical pesticides are one of the most important strategies for managing FAW on a short-term basis. The seven synthetic insecticides including novel and conventional belong to four chemical group, spinetoram and spinosad (spinosyns), lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and bifenthrin (pyrethroids), abamectin (avermectins), broflinilide (diamides), were assessed for their efficiency in causing mortality to second instar S. frugiperda larvae at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment at five different serial concentrations (10 to 0.625 mg liter-1). The second instar S. frugiperda larvae were susceptible to the tested synthetic insecticides, however, the toxicity index of synthetic insecticides was estimated based on lethal concentration 50 (LC50), while, LC50 was calculated from the data of larval mortality. The broflanilide and abamectin proved to be the most toxic having the highest toxicity index of 100 and 78.29%, respectively, followed by cypermethrin and bifenthrin were showed toxicity index of 75.47 and 66.89%, respectively. The LC50 values were 0.606 and 0.774 mg liter-1 for broflanilide and abamectin, respectively, followed by cypermethrin and bifenthrin were showed LC50 values of 0.803 and 0.906 mg liter-1 at 72 h post-treatment. Rest of the other synthetic insecticides were showed moderate toxicity index of 42.11 to 62.09%, based on LC50 values were 1.439 to 0.976 mg liter-1 at 72 h post-treatment. The efficiency of synthetic insecticides was increased by increasing concentration level and exposure time. The screened synthetic insecticides among seven insecticides perhaps, provide basis for the development of novel insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda population after further research to evaluate and validate the laboratory results in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyad Abdul Qadir
- Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qiu Ranran
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Identification of Two Diamondback Moth Parasitoids, Diadegma fenestrale and Diadegma semiclausum, Using LAMP for Application in Biological Control. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is a lepidopteran pest that damages various vegetable plants belonging to the genus Brassica worldwide. Various biological controls, such as parasitoid wasps, have been used to control this pest. Among these, Diadegma semiclausum and Diadegmafenestrale are widely used globally. In field-based biological control research, the investigation of the population dynamics of parasitoids and the rate of parasitism within the pest population is very important. However, achieving profundity in research is difficult when morphologically similar species coexist in the field. The morphological characteristics of D. semiclausum and D. fenestrale are very similar, and they both parasitize P. xylostella larvae. Therefore, to accurately identify these species, in this study, we developed a molecular diagnostic method by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The mitochondrial genome of D. fenestrale and partial nucleotide sequences, including the ITS region of D. semiclausum, were analyzed for use as species diagnosis markers. The results showed that the homology of D. fenestrale to D. semiclausum was 94%, due to the excessively low homology of the D loop, but the actual homology was higher than 94%, particularly in the coding region. D. fenestrale species-specific primers for LAMP were designed based on the region encoding COX3, and the optimal diagnostic reaction condition for the four primers (F3, B3, FIP, and BIP) was 63 °C for 35 min. A species-specific primer capable of classifying D. semiclausum was developed based on the ITS2 region, and the optimal reaction condition for diagnosis was 63 °C for 40 min. Under optimal conditions for both species, upon addition of the loop primer LB, the reaction efficiency increased, and the reaction time was shortened by more than 5 min. The diagnostic limit concentration was up to 10 pg under both optimal conditions; therefore, it was possible to detect even very low concentrations. For both species, diagnosis was possible by using LAMP assay with a DNA-releasing technique, without a DNA extraction process, and by incubating a tissue sample or the homogenized whole body at 95 °C for 5 min. In the case of D. fenestrale, it was possible to diagnose the parasitoid in P. xylostella larvae. Therefore, the developed LAMP diagnostic method can be used in a variety of ways to determine whether P. xylostella has been parasitized in the process of field research and mass breeding, and to accurately distinguish the species that are parasitic to P. xylostella larvae. This LAMP-based diagnostic method can be applied to identify various parasitoids that are used for the biological control of P. xylostella.
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Agarwal A, Rako L, Schutze MK, Starkie ML, Tay WT, Rodoni BC, Blacket MJ. A diagnostic LAMP assay for rapid identification of an invasive plant pest, fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:1116. [PMID: 35064176 PMCID: PMC8782856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous invasive plant pest that has expanded its global geographic distribution, including recently into much of Australia. Rapid diagnostic tests are required for identification of FAW to assist subsequent management and control. We developed a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for accurate and timely diagnosis of FAW in the field. The specificity of the new assay was tested against a broad panel of twenty non-target noctuids, including eight other Spodoptera species. Only S. frugiperda samples produced amplification within 20 min, with an anneal derivative temperature of 78.3 ± 0.3 °C. A gBlock dsDNA fragment was developed and trialled as a synthetic positive control, with a different anneal derivative of 81 °C. The new FAW LAMP assay was able to detect FAW DNA down to 2.4 pg, similar to an existing laboratory-based real-time PCR assay. We also trialled the new FAW assay with a colorimetric master mix and found it could successfully amplify positive FAW samples in half the time compared to an existing FAW colorimetric LAMP assay. Given the high sensitivity and rapid amplification time, we recommend the use of this newly developed FAW LAMP assay in a portable real-time fluorometer for in-field diagnosis of FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Agarwal
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lea Rako
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Mark K Schutze
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Melissa L Starkie
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, University of Macquarie, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Brendan C Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Mark J Blacket
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Congdon BS, Webster CG, Severtson D, Spafford H. In-Field Capable Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Using a Rapid and Simple Crude Extraction Technique. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2610-2614. [PMID: 34516635 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an economically important pest worldwide and has recently been identified in Australia. Morphological identification of S. frugiperda at early larval stages can be difficult often requiring expert microscopy analysis. Rapid and accurate in-field diagnosis is vital for management decision support and there are no tools currently available for this purpose. In this study, a sensitive, specific, and in-field capable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect S. frugiperda larvae. A primer set based on a highly conserved region of the S. frugiperda cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene provided detection within 30 min from both total DNA and crude extractions. The crude extraction technique of crushing 10 mg of S. frugiperda material in 50 µl ddH2O and further diluting the homogenate in ddH2O is rapid, simple, and does not require heat blocks, centrifuges, or special buffers increasing its utility as a field-based technique. The primer set detected as little as 24 pg of S. frugiperda DNA and did not cross-react with any other of the lepidopteran species tested that are easily confused with S. frugiperda in Australia. Therefore, this assay could be used in-field to correctly identify the presence of S. frugiperda and thereby greatly assist with timely management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Congdon
- Primary Industries Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
| | - C G Webster
- Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
| | - D Severtson
- Primary Industries Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
| | - H Spafford
- Primary Industries Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
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Development of a LAMP-Based Molecular Species Diagnosis Method for Four Major Agricultural Pests in the Genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100883. [PMID: 34680652 PMCID: PMC8541213 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Four major Spodoptera pests, S. exigua, S. frugiperda, S. litura, and S. littoralis, are widely distributed polyphagous pests affecting various crops. Despite different distribution areas, these four species cause serious damage to agriculture worldwide. As these species are morphologically similar at the larval stage, diagnostic methods have been developed and utilized for their identification. Here, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and effective species diagnosis, along with PCR, to identify Korean field-collected or overseas samples. The optimal conditions for the LAMP assay were 61 °C for 60 min with four LAMP primers. Additional loop primers increased the amplification efficiency in S. exigua, whereas increased non-specific amplification was found in other species. A broad range of DNA concentrations was observed in the LAMP assay, and the minimum detectable DNA concentration was 1 pg. The DNA release method for LAMP involved incubation of larval or adult tissue samples for 5 min at 95 °C, without a DNA extraction step. Considering the gradual diversification invasive pest incidence, this simple and accurate LAMP assay can be used for intensive field monitoring of invasive pests and integrated management of these species. Abstract Molecular-based species identification tools are helpful to identify tiny insect and lepidopteran pests that show morphological similarities in the larval stage and are essential for quarantine as well as agricultural research. Here, we focused on four major Spodoptera pests: S. exigua, S. frugiperda, S. litura, and S. littoralis. S. exigua and S. litura mitochondrial genome sequences were newly identified and species-specific sequence regions were identified in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and III regions. Species primers were designed and applied in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and PCR to identify Korean field-collected or overseas samples. The optimal incubation conditions for LAMP were 61 °C for 60 min with four LAMP primers. Additional loop primers increased the amplification efficiency for S. exigua, and the nonspecific amplification for other species. The LAMP assay could detect a wide range of DNA concentrations, with the range 1 ng–1 pg in dependence of four LAMP primers. The DNA-releasing technique, without DNA extraction, in the LAMP assay involved larval or adult tissue sample incubation at 95 °C for 5 min. The entire process takes approximately 70 min. This new molecular diagnostic method is simple and accurate, with application in the field and laboratory and for monitoring and ecological studies.
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