1
|
Xu C, Shen J, Chen W, Sun X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu X. Targeting Design of Human Anti-idiotypic Genetically Engineered Antibody for Simulating the Structure and Insecticidal Function of Bt Cry1C Toxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21650-21666. [PMID: 39294853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The β-type anti-Id (Ab2β) is considered to have potential for simulating the structure and function of the antigen. In this study, a β-type anti-Id (3A7 anti-I-GEAb) of the Cry1C toxin was captured from a GEAb library. Subsequently, a higher activity of mutant (3A7 mutant 8) was obtained from the mutagenesis library based on 3A7 anti-I-GEAb. The LD50 values of 3A7 anti-I-GEAb and 3A7 mutant 8 reach up to 38.9% and 46.8% of Cry1C toxin for P. xylostella and reach up to 32.9% and 37.4% of Cry1C toxin for H. armigera. Additionally, an IC-ELISA was established based on 3A7 mutant 8 (as the coated "antigen"), with an LOD value of 0.35 ng/mL, exhibiting good accuracy and stability for detecting Cry1C toxin in spiked samples. The present β-type anti-I-GEAb not only exhibits insecticidal activity similar to Cry1C toxin, offering potential for environmentally friendly pest management, but it can also replace the Cry1C toxin structure to establish a highly sensitive and specific IC-ELISA for monitoring Cry1C toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianxing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen C, Jin J, Huang Z, Meng M, Lin M, Hu X, Zhu Q, Xu C, Chen W, Lin J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu X. Screening and Identification of Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody Capable of Broad-Spectrum Recognition of the Toxin Binding Region of Lepidopteran Cadherins and Mimicking Domain II of Cry2Aa Toxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1582-1591. [PMID: 38221880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins as insecticides has brought about resistance problems. Anti-idiotypic nanobody approaches provide new strategies for resistance management and toxin evolution. In this study, the monoclonal antibody generated against the receptor binding region Domain II of Cry2Aa toxin was used as a target to screen materials with insecticidal activity. After four rounds of screening, anti-idiotypic nanobody 1C12 was obtained from the natural alpaca nanobody phage display library. To better analyze the activity of 1C12, soluble 1C12 was expressed by the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The results showed that 1C12 not only binds the midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of two lepidopteran species and cadherin CR9-CR11 of three lepidopteran species but also inhibits Cry2Aa toxins from binding to CR9-CR11. The insect bioassay showed that soluble 1C12 caused 25.65% and 23.61% larvae mortality of Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella, respectively. Although 1C12 has low insecticidal activity, soluble 1C12 possesses the ability to screen a broad-spectrum recognition of the toxin binding region of lepidopteran cadherins and can be used for the identification of the toxin binding region of other lepidopteran cadherins and the subsequent evolution of Cry2Aa toxin. The present study demonstrates a new strategy to screen for the production of novel insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiafeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Meng Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Manman Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin M, Liu Y, Shen C, Meng M, Zhang X, Xu C, Jin J, Hu X, Zhu Q, Xie Y, Chen W, Liu X, Lin J. Generation of anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking Cry2Aa toxin from an immunized mouse phage display library as potential insecticidal agents against Plutella xylostella. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149308. [PMID: 38029542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study tried to generate anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2s) which mimic Cry2Aa toxin using a phage-display antibody library (2.8 × 107 CFU/mL). The latter was constructed from a mouse immunized with F (ab')2 fragments digested from anti-Cry2Aa polyclonal antibodies. The F (ab')2 fragments and Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were utilized as targets for selection. Eight mouse phage-display single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated and identified by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), PCR and DNA sequencing after four rounds of biopanning. Among them, M3 exhibited the highest binding affinity with F (ab')2, while M4 bound the best with the toxin binding region of cadherin of P. xylostella (PxCad-TBR). Both of these two fragments were chosen for prokaryotic expression. The expressed M3 and M4 proteins with molecular weights of 30 kDa were purified. The M4 showed a binding affinity of 29.9 ± 2.4 nM with the PxCad-TBR and resulted in 27.8 ± 4.3 % larvae mortality against P. xylostella. Computer-assisted molecular modeling and docking analysis showed that mouse scFv M4 mimicked some Cry2Aa toxin binding sites when interacting with PxCad-TBR. Therefore, anti-idiotypic antibodies generated by BBMV-based screening could be useful for the development of new bio-insecticides as an alternative to Cry2Aa toxin for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Cheng Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng Meng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jiafeng Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Qing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Z, Shi Y, Wang D, Liu X, Jiao X, Gao X, Jiang K. Structural insight into Bacillus thuringiensis Sip1Ab reveals its similarity to ETX_MTX2 family beta-pore-forming toxin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4264-4273. [PMID: 37341620 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbially derived, protein-based biopesticides are an important approach for sustainable pest management. The secreted insecticidal proteins (Sips) produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit potent insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and are, therefore, attractive as candidate biopesticides. However, the modes-of-action of Sips are unclear as comprehensive structural information for these proteins is lacking. RESULTS Using X-ray crystallography, we elucidated the structure of monomeric Sip1Ab at 2.28 Å resolution. Structural analyses revealed that Sip1Ab has the three domains and conserved fold characteristic of other aerolysin-like beta-pore-forming toxins (β-PFTs). Based on the sequence and structural similarities between Sip1Ab and other ETX_MTX2 subfamily toxins, we suggested the mechanism of these proteins and proposed that it is common to them all. CONCLUSION The atomic-level structural data for Sip1Ab generated by the present study could facilitate future structural and mechanistic research on Sips as well as their application in sustainable insect pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salicylaldehyde and D-(+)-galactose functionalized chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles as carriers for sustained release of pesticide with enhanced UV stability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Hu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gao M, Lin M, Xie Y, Zhu Q, Xu C, Liu X, Vosloo D, Pooe OJ. Generation of Human Domain Antibody Fragments as Potential Insecticidal Agents against Helicoverpa armigera by Cadherin-Based Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11510-11519. [PMID: 35944165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New insecticidal genes and approaches for pest control are a hot research area. In the present study, we explored a novel strategy for the generation of insecticidal proteins. The midgut cadherin of Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera) was used as a target to screen materials that have insecticidal activity. After three rounds of panning, the phage-displayed human domain antibody B1F6, which not only binds to the H. armigera cadherin CR9-CR11 but also significantly inhibits Cry1Ac toxins from binding to CR9-CR11, was obtained from a phage-displayed human domain antibody (DAb) library. To better analyze the relevant activity of B1F6, soluble B1F6 protein was expressed by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that soluble B1F6 induced Sf9 cell death when expressing H. armigera cadherin on the cell membrane. The insect bioassay results showed that soluble B1F6 protein (90 μg/cm2) caused 49.5 ± 3.3% H. armigera larvae mortality. The midgut histological results showed that soluble B1F6 caused damage to the midgut epithelium of H. armigera larvae. The present study explored a new strategy and provided a basic material for the generation of new insecticidal materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Meijing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Manman Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yajing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Qing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Wang C, Ge L, Hu C, Wu G, Sun Y, Song L, Wu X, Pan A, Xu Q, Shi J, Liang J, Li P. Environmental Behaviors of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) Insecticidal Proteins and Their Effects on Microbial Ecology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1212. [PMID: 35567212 PMCID: PMC9100956 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore formation that exhibit highly specific insecticidal activities. The application of Bt proteins primarily includes Bt transgenic plants and Bt biopesticides. Transgenic crops with insect resistance (via Bt)/herbicide tolerance comprise the largest global area of agricultural planting. After artificial modification, Bt insecticidal proteins expressed from Bt can be released into soils through root exudates, pollen, and plant residues. In addition, the construction of Bt recombinant engineered strains through genetic engineering has become a major focus of Bt biopesticides, and the expressed Bt proteins will also remain in soil environments. Bt proteins expressed and released by Bt transgenic plants and Bt recombinant strains are structurally and functionally quite different from Bt prototoxins naturally expressed by B. thuringiensis in soils. The former can thus be regarded as an environmentally exogenous substance with insecticidal toxicity that may have potential ecological risks. Consequently, biosafety evaluations must be conducted before field tests and production of Bt plants or recombinant strains. This review summarizes the adsorption, retention, and degradation behavior of Bt insecticidal proteins in soils, in addition to their impacts on soil physical and chemical properties along with soil microbial diversity. The review provides a scientific framework for evaluating the environmental biosafety of Bt transgenic plants, Bt transgenic microorganisms, and their expression products. In addition, prospective research targets, research methods, and evaluation methods are highlighted based on current research of Bt proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinqing Xu
- Shandong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250003, China;
| | - Jialiang Shi
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, China;
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.W.); (L.G.); (C.H.); (G.W.); (Y.S.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (A.P.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| |
Collapse
|