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Zhou YM, Duan L, Luo L, Guan JQ, Yang ZK, Qu JJ, Zou X. The composition and function of bacterial communities in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) changed dramatically with infected fungi: A new potential to culture Cordyceps cicadae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38709468 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) is a renowned entomopathogenic fungus used as herbal medicine in China. However, wild C. cicadae resources have been threatened by heavy harvesting. We hypothesised that Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) could be a new alternative to cultivate C. cicadae due to the low cost of rearing. Bacterial communities are crucial for the formation of Cordyceps and for promoting the production of metabolites. To better understand the bacterial community structure associated with Cordyceps, three Claviciptaceae fungi were used to explore the pathogenicity of the silkworms. Here, fifth-instar silkworms were infected with C. cicadae, Cordyceps cateniannulata (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Subsequently, we applied high-throughput sequencing to explore the composition of bacterial communities in silkworms. Our results showed that all three fungi were highly pathogenic to silkworms, which suggests that silkworms have the potential to cultivate Cordyceps. After fungal infection, the diversity of bacterial communities in silkworms decreased significantly, and the abundance of Staphylococcus increased in mummified larvae, which may play a role in the death process when the host suffers infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, there were high similarities in the bacterial community composition and function in the C. cicadae and C. cateniannulata infected samples, and the phylogenetic analysis suggested that these similarities may be related to the fungal phylogenetic relationship. Our findings reveal that infection with different entomopathogenic fungi affects the composition and function of bacterial communities in silkworms and that the bacterial species associated with Cordyceps are primarily host dependent, while fungal infection affects bacterial abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ming Zhou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Qiang Guan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kai Yang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Qu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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2
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Bi J, Liu P, Gao R, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Zhao T, Gao L, Wang Y. Silencing gram-negative bacteria binding protein 1 decreases the immunity of Tribolium castaneum against bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130631. [PMID: 38453114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (GNBPs) have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens (PAMPs), leading to the activation of immune responses downstream. In the genome of Tribolium castaneum, three GNBP genes have been identified; however, their immunological roles remain unexplored. In our study, a GNBP1, designated as TcGNBP1, were identified from the cDNA library of T. castaneum. The coding sequence of TcGNBP1 consisted of 1137 bps and resulted in the synthesis of a protein comprising 378 amino acids. This protein encompasses a signal peptide, a low-complexity region, and a glycoside hydrolase 16 domain. TcGNBP1 was strongly expressed in early adult stages, and mainly distributed in hemolymph and gut. Upon being challenged with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, the transcript levels of TcGNBP1 were significantly changed at different time points. Through molecular docking and ELISA analysis, it was observed that TcGNBP1 has the ability to interact with lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and β-1, 3-glucan. Based on these findings, it was further discovered that recombinant TcGNBP1 can directly bind to five different bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. After knockdown of TcGNBP1 with RNA interference, expression of antimicrobial peptide genes and prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity were suppressed, the susceptibility of T. castaneum to E. coli or S. aureus infection was enhanced, leading to low survival rate. These results suggest a regulatory mechanism of TcGNBP1 in innate immunity of T. castaneum and provide a potential molecular target for dsRNA-based insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Bi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; Cooperative of Vegetable and Grain Cultivation, Liaocheng Yifeng Bloc, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
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3
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Hu G, Zhou Y, Mou D, Qu J, Luo L, Duan L, Xu Z, Zou X. Filtration effect of Cordyceps chanhua mycoderm on bacteria and its transport function on nitrogen. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0117923. [PMID: 38099615 PMCID: PMC10783027 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01179-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the natural growth of Cordyceps chanhua, it will form a mycoderm structure specialized from hyphae. We found that the bacterial membrane of C. chanhua not only filters environmental bacteria but also absorbs and transports nitrogen elements inside and outside the body of C. chanhua. These findings are of great significance for understanding the stable mechanism of the internal microbial community maintained by C. chanhua and how C. chanhua maintains its own nutritional balance. In addition, this study also enriched our understanding of the differences in bacterial community composition and related bacterial community functions of C. chanhua at different growth stages, which is of great value for understanding the environmental adaptation mechanism, the element distribution network, and the changing process of symbiotic microbial system after Cordyceps fungi infected the host. At the same time, it can also provide a theoretical basis for some important ecological imitation cultivation technology of Cordyceps fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Hu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yeming Zhou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Mou
- Department of Humanities, Business College of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Qiannan, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Tea College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongshun Xu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Gong Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Li T, Miao J, Wu Y. Identification of Potential Gene Targets for Suppressing Oviposition in Holotrichia parallela Using Comparative Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13138. [PMID: 37685945 PMCID: PMC10487570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Holotrichia parallela is an important plant pest. Comparative feeding experiments showed that the egg production, oviposition duration and survival rate of H. parallela beetles were significantly higher when they fed on elm leaves than when they fed on willow or purpus privet leaves. RNA sequencing was used to determine transcriptomic changes associated with oviposition. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the beetles that fed on elm and willow had a total of 171 genes with differential expression. When the beetles fed on elm and purpus privet, 3568 genes had differential expression. The vitellogenesis, ovarian serine protease, odorant-binding proteins, acyl-CoA synthetase and follicle cell proteins were commonly upregulated genes in elm-fed beetles compared with those fed on willow/purpus privet leaves. The involvement of the follicle cell protein 3C gene in the regulation of oviposition was confirmed using RNA interference. The results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying oviposition in H. parallela feeding on different host plants. This study also describes a method for identifying potentially effective genes for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Yanmin Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471027, China
| | - Yifan Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Yueli Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Yun Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Jin Miao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.G.)
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5
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Zhao L, Niu J, Feng D, Wang X, Zhang R. Immune functions of pattern recognition receptors in Lepidoptera. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203061. [PMID: 37398667 PMCID: PMC10312389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), as the "sensors" in the immune response, play a prominent role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating an effective defense response to pathogens in Lepidoptera. It is becoming increasingly clear that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) normally play a physiological role within cells; however, when exposed to extracellular, they may become "part-time" critical signals of the immune response. Based on research in recent years, we review herein typical PRRs of Lepidoptera, including peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), gram-negative binding protein (GNBP), β-1,3-glucan recognition protein (βGRP), C-type lectin (CTL), and scavenger receptor (SR). We also outline the ways in which DAMPs participate in the immune response and the correlation between PRRs and immune escape. Taken together, these findings suggest that the role of PRRs in insect innate immunity may be much greater than expected and that it is possible to recognize a broader range of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlan Niu
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Disong Feng
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xialu Wang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Jiang D, Lu X, Zhang L, Tang F. Enhancement of Pathogen Toxicity by Feeding Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder Sonicated Bacteria Expressing Double-Stranded RNA That Interferes with Olfaction. INSECTS 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 36835709 PMCID: PMC9965219 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder is a serious pest in China, and the odorant receptor co-receptor gene RcOrco plays a crucial role in olfaction. However, the function of RcOrco in the resistance of termites to entomopathogens has not been reported. We constructed dsRcOrco-HT115 engineered bacteria based on the RcOrco sequence from the full-length transcriptome data of R. chinensis. The engineered bacteria expressed dsRNA of RcOrco. Sonication was used to inactivate the dsRNA-HT115 strain and obtain a large amount of dsRcOrco. The dsRcOrco produced using this method overcame the problem that genetically engineered bacteria could not be applied directly and improved its effectiveness against termites. Bioassays using the dsRcOrco generated using this method showed that dsRcOrco significantly increased the toxicity of the bacterial and fungal pathogens to R. chinensis. The present study showed, for the first time, the function of Orco in termite resistance to pathogens, and the results provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of termite RNA biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabao Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Wang T, Li X, Zhang C, Xu J. Transcriptome analysis of Ganoderma lingzhi (Agaricomycetes) response to Trichoderma hengshanicum infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131599. [PMID: 36910175 PMCID: PMC9996313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Green mold caused by Trichoderma spp. has become one of the most serious diseases which threatening the production of Ganoderma lingzhi. To understand the possible resistance mechanism of the G. lingzhi response to T. hengshanicum infection, we examined the G. lingzhi transcript accumulation at 0, 12, and 24 h after T. hengshanicum inoculation. The gene expression analysis was conducted on the interaction between G. lingzhi and T. hengshanicum using RNA-seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling methods. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that there were 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three infection time points, containing 15 up-regulated DEGs and 147 down-regulated DEGs. Resistance-related genes thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) (PR-5s), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and Beta-1,3-glucan binding protein were significantly up-regulated. At the three time points of infection, the heat shock proteins (HSPs) genes of G. lingzhi were down-regulated. The down-regulation of HSPs genes led to the inhibition of HSP function, which may compromise the HSP-mediated defense signaling transduction pathway, leading to G. lingzhi susceptibility. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that the main enriched pathways by G. lingzhi after infection were sphingolipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway. Overall, the results described here improve fundamental knowledge of molecular responses to G. lingzhi defense and contribute to the design of strategies against Trichoderma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Jize Xu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.,College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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