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Wu T, Dong Q, Tang X, Zhu X, Deng D, Ding Y, Ahmad S, Zhang W, Mao Z, Zhao X, Ge L. CYP303A1 regulates molting and metamorphosis through 20E signaling in Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136234. [PMID: 39366602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s play a crucial role in the breakdown of external substances and perform important activities in the hormone system of insects. It has been understood that P450s were essential in the metabolism of ecdysteroids. CYP303A1 is a highly conserved CYP in most insects, but its specific physiological functions remain poorly understood in Nilaparvata lugens Stål. In this study, NlCYP303A1 was identified and highly expressed in the pre-molt stages, predominantly in the cuticle-producing tissues. Silencing of NlCYP303A1 caused a lethal phenotype with a molting defect. Moreover, the 20E titers, the expression levels of Halloween genes, and critical genes associated with the 20E signaling pathway in N. lugens nymphs were significantly decreased with the silencing NlCYP303A1. We further performed additional backfilling of 20E to rescue the RNAi effects on NlCYP303A1. The gene expression levels that were previously reduced caused by silencing NlCYP303A1 were significantly elevated. However, the molting defects of nymphs were not effectively improved. The results demonstrated NlCYP303A1 plays a crucial role in the molting and metamorphosis of N. lugens by regulating the 20E signaling pathway and cuticular formation, enhances the understanding of the functional role of CYP 2 clans, and identifies candidate gene for RNAi-based control of N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Di Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ziyue Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Linquan Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Zhang C, Zhang JY, Wang N, Abou El-Ela AS, Shi ZY, You YZ, Ali SA, Zhou WW, Zhu ZR. RNAi-mediated knockdown of papilin gene affects the egg hatching in Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4779-4789. [PMID: 38837578 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Owing to the rapid adaptation of BPH to many pesticides and resistant varieties, identifying putative gene targets for developing RNA interference (RNAi)-based pest management strategies has received much attention for this pest. The glucoprotein papilin is the most abundant component in the basement membranes of many organisms, and its function is closely linked to development. RESULTS In this study, we identified a papilin homologous gene in BPH (NlPpn). Quantitative Real-time PCR analysis showed that the transcript of NlPpn was highly accumulated in the egg stage. RNAi of NlPpn in newly emerged BPH females caused nonhatching phenotypes of their eggs, which may be a consequence of the maldevelopment of their embryos. Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis identified 583 differentially expressed genes between eggs from the dsGFP- and dsNlPpn-treated insects. Among them, the 'structural constituent of cuticle' cluster ranked first among the top 15 enriched GO terms. Consistently, ultrastructural analysis unveiled that dsNlPpn-treated eggs displayed a discrete and distorted serosal endocuticle lamellar structure. Furthermore, the hatchability of BPH eggs was also successfully reduced by the topical application of NlPpn-dsRNA-layered double hydroxide nanosheets onto the adults. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that NlPpn is essential to maintaining the regular structure of the serosal cuticle and the embryonic development in BPH, indicating NlPpn could be a potential target for pest control during the egg stage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Jin-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Amr S Abou El-Ela
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zhe-Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Soomro Abid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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Guan L, Wang X, Wan S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Li C, Tang B. The Role of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 Influences Trehalose Metabolism under High-CO 2 Stress in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera). INSECTS 2024; 15:502. [PMID: 39057235 PMCID: PMC11276637 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), crucial detoxification enzymes in insects, are involved in the metabolism of endogenous substances as well as the activation and degradation of exogenous compounds. In this study, T. castaneum was utilized to investigate the roles of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes influencing in the trehalose metabolism pathway under high-CO2 stress. By predicting the functional sequences of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes and analyzing their spatiotemporal expression patterns, it was discovered that both genes belong to the CYP3 group and exhibit high expression levels during the larval stage, decreasing during the pupal stage, while showing high expression in the fatty body, intestine, and malpighian tubules. Furthermore, following the knockdown of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes in combination with treating larvae with 75% CO2, it was observed that larval mortality increased, and glycogen content significantly decreased, while trehalose content increased significantly. Additionally, membrane-bound trehalase enzyme activity declined, TPS gene expression was significantly upregulated, GS gene expression was significantly downregulated, and ATP content showed a marked decrease. In conclusion, CYP genes are critical responsive genes of T. castaneum to high CO2 levels, potentially impacting the insect's resistance to carbon dioxide through their involvement in the synthesis or breakdown of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway. These findings could serve as a theoretical basis for the utilization of novel pesticides in low-oxygen grain storage techniques and offer new insights for environmentally friendly pest control strategies in grain storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Guan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.G.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Xianzhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.G.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Sijing Wan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.G.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Guizhou Education Department, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Guizhou Education Department, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.G.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Guizhou Education Department, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.G.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (S.W.)
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Xu X, Li T, Zhang L, Liu X. Effect of silencing the E74B gene on the development and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1435-1445. [PMID: 37939129 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth and development transition of insects are mainly mediated by ecdysone. As one of the ecdysone-induced transcription factors, E74 is involved in many physiological processes of insect growth and development. However, E74 and its function in Helicoverpa armigera remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, E74B, a subtype of the E74, was identified for the first time in H. armigera. Bioinformatics analysis showed that H. armigera E74B shared the highest homology with E74B in Bombyx mori, which belongs to the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) superfamily. The expression profile showed that the transcription level of HaE74B increased in the late stages of fourth to sixth instars compared with the early stages; it was also high in the pupa and midgut. Moreover, we investigated the function of HaE74B through RNA interference and 20E rescue experiments. The results showed silencing of E74B affected the molting and growth of larvae, resulting in the death of more than 60% of larvae. In addition, it also seriously affected the metamorphosis of H. armigera, which reduced the pupae rate, the eclosion rate of the pupae, and fecundity. Application of 20E partially restored the defects in the molting, development and pupae rate of H. armigera. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated that HaE74B plays a critical role in the growth, development, and metamorphosis of H. armigera, which serves as a molecular target and sets out a theoretical foundation for RNAi-mediated control of this key pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Zhang C, Wan B, Jin MR, Wang J, Xin TR, Zou ZW, Xia B. The loss of Halloween gene function seriously affects the development and reproduction of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and increases its susceptibility to pesticides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105361. [PMID: 36963933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The citrus industry has suffered severe losses as a result of Huanglongbing spread by Diaphorina citri. Controlling the population of D. citri is the key to preventing and controlling the spread of Huanglongbing. Ecdysteroids are key hormones that regulate insect development and reproduction. Therefore, the Halloween gene family involved in the ecdysone synthesis of D. citri is an ideal target for controlling the population growth of this insect. In this study, we successfully cloned four Halloween genes expressed during D. citri development. Silencing of one of the four genes resulted in a significant decrease in 20E titers in nymphs and significant decreases in the developmental, survival and emergence rates. Inhibiting Halloween gene expression in adults impeded the growth of the female ovary, diminished yolk formation, lowered vitellogenin transcription levels, and hence impaired female fecundity. This showed that Halloween genes were required for D. citri development and reproduction. DcCYP315A1 and DcCYP314A1 were highly expressed when D. citri was exposed to thiamethoxam and cypermethrin, and silencing these two genes made D. citri more sensitive to these two pesticides. Inhibition of DcCYP315A1 and DcCYP314A1 expression not only significantly delayed the development and reproduction of D. citri but also increased its susceptibility to pesticides. Therefore, these two genes are more suitable as potential target genes for controlling D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Meng-Ru Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tian-Rong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Yu J, Wang H, Chen W, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Xu B. 20-Hydroxyecdysone and Receptor Interplay in the Regulation of Hemolymph Glucose Level in Honeybee ( Apis mellifera) Larvae. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010080. [PMID: 36677005 PMCID: PMC9865031 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the ecdysone receptors (ECR and USP) play critical roles in the growth and metabolism of insects, including honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effect of 20E on the growth and development of honeybee larvae by rearing them in vitro and found reduced food consumption and small-sized pupae with increasing levels of 20E. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analysis of widely targeted metabolomics was used to examine the changes in the metabolites after an exogenous 20E application to honeybee larvae and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 374 different metabolites were detected between the control group and the 20E treatment group, covering 12 subclasses. The most significant changes occurred in 7-day-old larvae, where some monosaccharides, such as D-Glucose and UDP-galactose, were significantly upregulated. In addition, some metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and galactose metabolism, were affected by the 20E treatment, suggesting that the 20E treatment disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of honeybee larvae hemolymph and that the response of honeybee larvae to the 20E treatment is dynamic and contains many complex pathways. Many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including genes of the glycolysis and glycogen synthesis pathways, were downregulated during molting and pupation after the 20E treatment. In contrast, the expression levels of the genes related to gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis were significantly increased, which directly or indirectly upregulated glucose levels in the hemolymph, whereas RNA interference with the 20E receptor EcR-USP had an opposite effect to that of the 20E treatment. Taken together, 20E plays a critical role in the changes in carbohydrate metabolism during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baohua Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805488930
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Yang M, Li G, Yu L, Du S, Jiang D, Chu X, Wang K, Wu S, Wang R, Zhang F, Hu X. Temperature and metal ions regulate larval diapause termination via the 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone pathways in Monochamus alternatus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:437-446. [PMID: 36177945 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause allows insects to survive harsh environments, and its termination is crucial for their normal development after diapause. However, little is known about the regulatory pathways and signals involved in insect diapause termination. RESULTS We discovered that high temperature (25 °C) influenced larval diapause termination in Monochamus alternatus. Likewise, metal ions (Ca2+ ) promoted diapause termination by reducing diapause duration. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate changes in gene expression and metabolism in diapause-terminated larvae treated with high temperature (MaHt) and metal ions (MaCa). Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism contained the highest proportion of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) were closely related to diapause termination in M. alternatus. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments verified that 20E biosynthesis (CYP314a1) and degradation (CYP18a1), JH biosynthesis (FOHSDR-1) and degradation (JHEH) genes affected the larval diapause duration significantly. In addition, dysfunction of CYP314a1 resulted in increased larval mortality (P < 0.01), reduced pupation rate and emergence rate (P < 0.05). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed that the ecdysone content decreased after dsCYP314a1 injection and JH content increased after dsJHEH injection. CONCLUSION The results indicate that genes CYP314a1, CYP18a1, FOHSDR-1 and JHEH mediated 20E and JH biosynthesis and degradation to regulate diapause termination in M. alternatus. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diapause termination and provided a basis for the prevention and control of M. alternatus infestation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Yang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijie Du
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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