1
|
Araman C. Looking back: Developments in chemical protein synthesis in 2020. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3336. [PMID: 33987887 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The world as we know it changed dramatically in the spring 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was (and still is) a hard time for most of us. Luckily, the power of science enabled a good solution in form of a vaccine in less than 1 year. Of course, not only vaccine development boosted in 2020, but there were also several milestones in peptide chemistry. In this commentary, I would like to draw you away for a moment from the whole pandemic situation to discuss two exciting advances in chemical protein synthesis highlighted in 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Araman
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Ladenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baumruck AC, Yang J, Thomas GF, Beyer LI, Tietze D, Tietze AA. Native Chemical Ligation of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides in Ionic Liquid-Containing Media. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1659-1666. [PMID: 33400874 PMCID: PMC7886022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The chemical synthesis of a highly hydrophobic membrane-associated peptide by native
chemical ligation (NCL) in an ionic liquid (IL) [C2mim][OAc]/buffer mixture
was achieved by employing peptide concentrations up to 11 mM. NCL was studied at
different pH and water content and compared to several “gold-standard”
ligation protocols. The optimized reaction protocol for the NCL in IL required the
addition of 40% water and pH adjustment to 7.0–7.5, resulting in ligation yields
of up to 80–95% within 1 to 4 h. This new ligation protocol is generally
applicable and outperforms current “gold-standard” NCL methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Gerke-Fabian Thomas
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Luisa I Beyer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Alesia A Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden.,Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sajeevan KA, Roy D. Simulation of differential structure and dynamics of disulfide bond isoforms of conopeptide
AuIB
in presence of human
α
3
β
4
nAChR. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Anna Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani Hyderabad Telangana India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mueller LK, Baumruck AC, Zhdanova H, Tietze AA. Challenges and Perspectives in Chemical Synthesis of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32195241 PMCID: PMC7064641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides the possibility to chemically synthesize peptides and proteins. Applying the method on hydrophilic structures is usually without major drawbacks but faces extreme complications when it comes to "difficult sequences." These includes the vitally important, ubiquitously present and structurally demanding membrane proteins and their functional parts, such as ion channels, G-protein receptors, and other pore-forming structures. Standard synthetic and ligation protocols are not enough for a successful synthesis of these challenging sequences. In this review we highlight, summarize and evaluate the possibilities for synthetic production of "difficult sequences" by SPPS, native chemical ligation (NCL) and follow-up protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Mueller
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Zhdanova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sajeevan KA, Roy D. Principal Component Analysis of a Conotoxin Delineates the Link among Peptide Sequence, Dynamics, and Disulfide Bond Isoforms. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5483-5493. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Anna Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar,
Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar,
Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sajeevan KA, Roy D. Peptide Sequence and Solvent as Levers to Control Disulfide Connectivity in Multiple Cysteine Containing Venom Toxins. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5776-5789. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Anna Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aqueous ionic liquids influence the disulfide bond isoform equilibrium in conotoxin AuIB: a consequence of the Hofmeister effect? Biophys Rev 2018; 10:769-780. [PMID: 29294259 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of several disulfide bond isoforms in multiple cysteine containing venom peptides poses a significant challenge in their synthesis and purification under laboratory conditions. Recent experiments suggest that careful tuning of solvent and temperature conditions can propel the disulfide bond isoform equilibrium in favor of the most potent, native form. Certain aqueous ionic liquids (ILs) have proven significantly useful as solvents for this purpose, while exceptions have also been noted. To elucidate the molecular level origin behind such a preference, we report a detailed explicit solvent replica exchange molecular dynamics study of a conotoxin, AuIB, in pure water and four different aqueous IL solutions (~45-60% v/v). The ILs studied here are comprised of cations like 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (Im21+) or 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (Im41+) coupled with either acetate (OAc-) or chloride (Cl-) as the counter anion. Our simulations unfold interesting features of the conformational spaces sampled by the peptide and its solvation in pure water and aqueous IL solutions. Detailed investigation into populations of the globular disulfide bond isoform of AuIB in aqueous IL solutions reveal distinct trends which might be related to the Hofmeister effect of the cation and anion of the IL and of specific interactions of the aqueous IL solutions with the peptide. In accordance with experimental observations, the aqueous [Im21][OAc] solution is found to promote the highest globular isoform population in AuIB.
Collapse
|
8
|
Baumruck AC, Tietze D, Stark A, Tietze AA. Reactions of Sulfur-Containing Organic Compounds and Peptides in 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Acetate. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C. Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Darmstadt Univeristy of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annegret Stark
- Chemical
Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Mazisi Kunene Rd, Glenwood, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Clemens-Schöpf
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leipold E, Ullrich F, Thiele M, Tietze AA, Terlau H, Imhof D, Heinemann SH. Subtype-specific block of voltage-gated K+ channels by μ-conopeptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1135-1140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Tietze D, Leipold E, Heimer P, Böhm M, Winschel W, Imhof D, Heinemann SH, Tietze AA. Molecular interaction of δ-conopeptide EVIA with voltage-gated Na+ channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2053-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
Roy D, Lakshminarayanan M. Scrambling of disulfide bond scaffolds in neurotoxin AuIB: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Biopolymers 2016; 106:196-209. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad Telangana 500078 India
| | - Madhavkrishnan Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad Telangana 500078 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gunasekaran N. Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis with Air or Molecular Oxygen and Ionic Liquids. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Heimer P, Tietze AA, Böhm M, Giernoth R, Kuchenbuch A, Stark A, Leipold E, Heinemann SH, Kandt C, Imhof D. Application of Room-Temperature Aprotic and Protic Ionic Liquids for Oxidative Folding of Cysteine-Rich Peptides. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2754-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
14
|
Ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate: an attractive solvent for native chemical ligation of peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
Stark A. Shaping micro- and macroscopic properties of ionic liquid–solute systems: Multi-functional task-specific agents. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Ionic liquids as reaction media for oxidative folding and native chemical ligation of cysteine-containing peptides. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Richardt A, Mrestani-Klaus C, Bordusa F. Impact of ionic liquids on the structure of peptides proved by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Khemchyan LL, Khokhlova EA, Seitkalieva MM, Ananikov VP. Efficient Sustainable Tool for Monitoring Chemical Reactions and Structure Determination in Ionic Liquids by ESI-MS. ChemistryOpen 2013; 2:208-14. [PMID: 24551568 PMCID: PMC3892193 DOI: 10.1002/open.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy and convenient procedure is described for monitoring chemical reactions and characterization of compounds dissolved in ionic liquids using the well-known tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique. Generation of wastes was avoided by utilizing an easy procedure for analysis of ionic liquid systems without preliminary isolation and purification. The described procedure also decreased the risk of plausible contamination and damage of the ESI-MS hardware and increased sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements. ESI-MS detection in MS/MS mode was shown to be efficient in ionic liquids systems for structural and mechanistic studies, which are rather difficult otherwise. The developed ESI-MS/MS approach was applied to study samples corresponding to peptide systems in ionic liquids and to platform chemical directed biomass conversion in ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levon L Khemchyan
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Elena A Khokhlova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Marina M Seitkalieva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991 (Russia) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tietze AA, Bordusa F, Giernoth R, Imhof D, Lenzer T, Maaß A, Mrestani-Klaus C, Neundorf I, Oum K, Reith D, Stark A. On the Nature of Interactions between Ionic Liquids and Small Amino-Acid-Based Biomolecules. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4044-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
20
|
Reinwarth M, Glotzbach B, Tomaszowski M, Fabritz S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Oxidative folding of peptides with cystine-knot architectures: kinetic studies and optimization of folding conditions. Chembiochem 2012; 14:137-46. [PMID: 23229141 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides often contain several disulfide bonds that provide the main contribution to conformational rigidity and structural, thermal, or biological stability. Among them, cystine-knot peptides-commonly named "knottins"-make up a subclass with several thousand natural members. Hence, they are considered promising frameworks for peptide-based pharmaceuticals. Although cystine-knot peptides are available through chemical and recombinant synthetic routes, oxidative folding to afford the bioactive isomers still remains a crucial step. We therefore investigated the oxidative folding of ten protease-inhibiting peptides from two knottin families, as well as that of an HIV entry inhibitor and of aprotinin, under two conventional sets of folding conditions and by a newly developed procedure. Kinetic studies identified folding conditions that resulted in correctly folded miniproteins with high rates of conversion even for highly hydrophobic and aggregation-prone peptides in concentrated solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reinwarth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 22, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tietze AA, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Leipold E, Ullrich F, Kühl T, Mischo A, Buntkowsky G, Görlach M, Heinemann SH, Imhof D. Strukturell diverse Isomere des μ-Conotoxins PIIIA blockieren den Natriumkanal Na V1.4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Ionic liquid applications in peptide chemistry: synthesis, purification and analytical characterization processes. Molecules 2012; 17:4158-85. [PMID: 22481538 PMCID: PMC6268249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances made in the field of ionic liquids in peptide chemistry and peptide analytics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tietze AA, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Leipold E, Ullrich F, Kühl T, Mischo A, Buntkowsky G, Görlach M, Heinemann SH, Imhof D. Structurally diverse μ-conotoxin PIIIA isomers block sodium channel NaV 1.4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4058-61. [PMID: 22407516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alesia A Tietze
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Brühler Strasse 7, 53119 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Böhm M, Kühl T, Hardes K, Coch R, Arkona C, Schlott B, Steinmetzer T, Imhof D. Synthesis and functional characterization of tridegin and its analogues: inhibitors and substrates of factor XIIIa. ChemMedChem 2011; 7:326-33. [PMID: 22162181 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tridegin, a 66-mer peptide isolated from the leech Haementeria ghilianii, is a potent inhibitor of the coagulation factor XIIIa. This paper describes the chemical synthesis of tridegin by two different strategies--solid-phase assembly and native chemical ligation--both followed by oxidation in solution phase. Tridegin and truncated analogues were examined for their activity and revealed a particular importance of the C-terminal region of the parent peptide. Based on these studies a minimal sequence required for factor XIIIa inhibition could be identified. Our data revealed that the glutamine residue at position 52 (Q52) of tridegin most likely binds to the active site of factor XIIIa and was therefore suggested to react with the enzyme. The function of the N-terminal region is also discussed, as the isolated C-terminal segment of tridegin lost its inhibitory activity rapidly in the presence of factor XIIIa, whereas this was not the case for the full-length inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Böhm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, 53119 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Steiner AM, Bulaj G. Optimization of oxidative folding methods for cysteine-rich peptides: a study of conotoxins containing three disulfide bridges. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:1-7. [PMID: 20814907 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative folding of small, cysteine-rich peptides to selectively achieve the native disulfide bond connectivities is critical for discovery and structure-function studies of many bioactive peptides. As the propensity to acquire the native conformation greatly depends on the peptide sequence, numerous empirical oxidation methods are employed. The context-dependent optimization of these methods has thus far precluded a generalized oxidative folding protocol, in particular for peptides containing more than two disulfides. Herein, we compare the efficacy of optimized solution-phase and polymer-supported oxidation methods using three disulfide-bridged conotoxins, namely µ-SIIIA, µ-KIIIA and ω-GVIA. The use of diselenide bridges as proxies for disulfide bridges is also evaluated. We propose the ClearOx-assisted oxidation of selenopeptides as a fairly generalized oxidative folding protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Steiner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leipold E, Markgraf R, Miloslavina A, Kijas M, Schirmeyer J, Imhof D, Heinemann SH. Molecular determinants for the subtype specificity of μ-conotoxin SIIIA targeting neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:105-11. [PMID: 21419143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(V) channels) play a pivotal role in neuronal excitability; they are specifically targeted by μ-conotoxins from the venom of marine cone snails. These peptide toxins bind to the outer vestibule of the channel pore thereby blocking ion conduction through Na(V) channels. μ-Conotoxin SIIIA from Conus striatus was shown to be a potent inhibitor of neuronal sodium channels and to display analgesic effects in mice, albeit the molecular targets are not unambiguously known. We therefore studied recombinant Na(V) channels expressed in mammalian cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. Synthetic μSIIIA slowly and partially blocked rat Na(V)1.4 channels with an apparent IC(50) of 0.56 ± 0.29 μM; the block was not complete, leaving at high concentration a residual current component of about 10% with a correspondingly reduced single-channel conductance. At 10 μM, μSIIIA potently blocked rat Na(V)1.2, rat and human Na(V)1.4, and mouse Na(V)1.6 channels; human Na(V)1.7 channels were only inhibited by 58.1 ± 4.9%, whereas human Na(V)1.5 as well as rat and human Na(V)1.8 were insensitive. Employing domain chimeras between rNa(V)1.4 and hNa(V)1.5, we located the determinants for μSIIIA specificity in the first half of the channel protein with a major contribution of domain-2 and a minor contribution of domain-1. The latter was largely accounted for by the alteration in the TTX-binding site (Tyr401 in rNa(V)1.4, Cys for Na(V)1.5, and Ser for Na(V)1.8). Introduction of domain-2 pore loops of all tested channel isoforms into rNa(V)1.4 conferred the μSIIIA phenotype of the respective donor channels highlighting the importance of the domain-2 pore loop as the major determinant for μSIIIA's subtype specificity. Single-site substitutions identified residue Ala728 in rNa(V)1.4 as crucial for its high sensitivity toward μSIIIA. Likewise, Asn889 at the homologous position in hNa(V)1.7 is responsible for the channel's reduced μSIIIA sensitivity. These results will pave the way for the rational design of selective Na(V)-channel antagonists for research and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Leipold
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena & University Hospital Jena, Hans-Knoell-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miloslavina A, Ebert C, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Englert C, Görlach M, Imhof D. An unusual peptide from Conus villepinii: synthesis, solution structure, and cardioactivity. Peptides 2010; 31:1292-300. [PMID: 20385188 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venom of marine cone snails contains a variety of conformationally constrained peptides utilized by the animal to capture prey. Besides numerous conotoxins, which are characterized by complex disulfide patterns, other peptides with only a single disulfide bridge were isolated from different conus species. Here, we report the synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of the novel C-terminally amidated decapeptide CCAP-vil, PFc[CNSFGC]YN-NH(2), from Conus villepinii. The linear precursor peptide was generated by standard solid phase synthesis. Oxidation of the cysteine residues to yield the disulfide-bridged peptide was investigated under different conditions, including several ionic liquids (ILs) as new biocompatible reaction media. Among the examined ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([C(2)mim][OTs]) was most efficient for CCAP-vil oxidative folding, since oxidation occurred without any byproduct formation. The structure of CCAP-vil was determined by NMR methods in aqueous solution and revealed a loop structure adopting a type(I) beta-turn between residues 4-7 imposed by the flanking disulfide bridge. The amino acid side chains of Pro(1), Phe(2), Phe(6) and Tyr(9) point in three directions away from the cyclic core into the solvent creating a rather hydrophobic surface of the molecule. Based on sequence homology to cardioactive peptides (CAPs) from gastropods and arthropods, such as PFc[CNAFTGC]-NH(2) (CCAP), the influence of CCAP-vil on heart rate using zebrafish embryos was investigated. CCAP-vil reduced the heart rate immediately upon injection into the heart as well as upon indirect application indicating an opposite effect to the cardioaccelerating CCAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Miloslavina
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, Peptide Chemistry Group, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kiefer J, Obert K, Fries J, Bösmann A, Wasserscheid P, Leipertz A. Determination of glucose and cellobiose dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:1041-1049. [PMID: 19796487 DOI: 10.1366/000370209789379367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of biogenic carbohydrate feedstock to chemicals or energy equivalents is a promising approach to solve the problem of limited fossil fuel reserves. Some concepts to accomplish these transformations are based on ionic liquids (ILs) due to their ability to dissolve biopolymers, such as cellulose, and even complex biopolymer mixtures, such as wood. However, concerning control of such conversions, a reliable tool for process analytics is required. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to perform quantitative concentration measurements of glucose and cellobiose as two examples of carbohydrates dissolved in the room-temperature ionic liquid [EMIM][OAc] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate). For this purpose, binary mixtures in the range 0-20 wt% have been studied. A previously developed method for the data analysis, which was based on the Beer-Lambert relation, has been universalized by employing empirical correlations between the measured quantity (i.e., extinction) and the carbohydrate concentration. In the entire spectral range under investigation (500-4000 cm(-1)) numerous individual wave-numbers have been identified, allowing quantitative measurements with high accuracy and precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kiefer
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 8, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dhumal NR, Kim HJ, Kiefer J. Molecular Interactions in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate Ion Pair: A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10397-404. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907394v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Dhumal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea, and Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea, and Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea, and Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|