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Schwab JH, Bailey JB, Gembicky M, Stauber JM. Programmable synthesis of well-defined, glycosylated iron(ii) supramolecular assemblies with multivalent protein-binding capabilities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1018-1026. [PMID: 36755719 PMCID: PMC9890585 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalency plays a key role in achieving strong, yet reversible interactions in nature, and provides critical chemical organization in biological recognition processes. Chemists have taken an interest in designing multivalent synthetic assemblies to both better understand the underlying principles governing these interactions, and to build chemical tools that either enhance or prevent such recognition events from occurring in biology. Rationally tailoring synthetic strategies to achieve the high level of chemical control and tunability required to mimic these interactions, however, is challenging. Here, we introduce a systematic and modular synthetic approach to the design of well-defined molecular multivalent protein-binding constructs that allows for control over size, morphology, and valency. A series of supramolecular mono-, bi-, and tetrametallic Fe(ii) complexes featuring a precise display of peripheral saccharides was prepared through coordination-driven self-assembly from simple building blocks. The molecular assemblies are fully characterized, and we present the structural determination of one complex in the series. The mannose and maltose-appended assemblies display strong multivalent binding to model lectin, Concanavalin A (K d values in μM), where the strength of the binding is a direct consequence of the number of saccharide units decorating the molecular periphery. This versatile synthetic strategy provides chemical control while offering an easily accessible approach to examine important design principles governing structure-function relationships germane to biological recognition and binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake H. Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California9500 Gilman Dr, La JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Jake B. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California9500 Gilman Dr, La JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA USA
| | - Julia M. Stauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California9500 Gilman Dr, La JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
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2
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Dussouy C, Kishor C, Lambert A, Lamoureux C, Blanchard H, Grandjean C. Linear triazole-linked pseudo oligogalactosides as scaffolds for galectin inhibitor development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1123-1133. [PMID: 32220037 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectins play key roles in numerous biological processes. Their mode of action depends on their localization which can be extracellular, cytoplasmic, or nuclear and is partly mediated through interactions with β-galactose containing glycans. Galectins have emerged as novel therapeutic targets notably for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancers. This has stimulated the design of carbohydrate-based inhibitors targeting the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of the galectins. Pursuing this approach, we reasoned that linear oligogalactosides obtained by straightforward iterative click chemistry could mimic poly-lactosamine motifs expressed at eukaryote cell surfaces which the extracellular form of galectin-3, a prominent member of the galectin family, specifically recognizes. Affinities toward galectin-3 consistently increased with the length of the representative oligogalactosides but without reaching that of oligo-lactosamines. Elucidation of the X-ray crystal structures of the galectin-3 CRD in complex with a synthesized di- and tri-galactoside confirmed that the compounds bind within the carbohydrate-binding site. The atomic structures revealed that binding interactions mainly occur with the galactose moiety at the non-reducing end, primarily with subsites C and D of the CRD, differing from oligo-lactosamine which bind more consistently across the whole groove formed by the five subsites (A-E) of the galectin-3 CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dussouy
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Annie Lambert
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Clément Lamoureux
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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3
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Shabareesh PRV, Kumar A, Salunke DM, Kaur KJ. Structural and functional studies of differentially O-glycosylated analogs of a thrombin inhibitory peptide - variegin. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:880-888. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; NCR Biotech Science Cluster; 3rd Milestone Faridabad 121001 India
| | - Dinakar M. Salunke
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Kanwal J. Kaur
- National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
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4
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Pifferi C, Daskhan GC, Fiore M, Shiao TC, Roy R, Renaudet O. Aminooxylated Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:9839-9873. [PMID: 28682060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among other classes of biomolecules, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates are widely involved in numerous biological functions. In addition to addressing the related synthetic challenges, glycochemists have invested intense efforts in providing access to structures that can be used to study, activate, or inhibit these biological processes. Over the past few decades, aminooxylated carbohydrates have been found to be key building blocks for achieving these goals. This review provides the first in-depth overview covering several aspects related to the syntheses and applications of aminooxylated carbohydrates. After a brief introduction to oxime bonds and their relative stabilities compared to related C═N functions, synthetic aspects of oxime ligation and methodologies for introducing the aminooxy functionality onto both glycofuranosyls and glycopyranosyls are described. The subsequent section focuses on biological applications involving aminooxylated carbohydrates as components for the construcion of diverse architectures. Mimetics of natural structures represent useful tools for better understanding the features that drive carbohydrate-receptor interaction, their biological output and they also represent interesting structures with improved stability and tunable properties. In the next section, multivalent structures such as glycoclusters and glycodendrimers obtained through oxime ligation are described in terms of synthetic design and their biological applications such as immunomodulators. The second-to-last section discusses miscellaneous applications of oxime-based glycoconjugates, such as enantioselective catalysis and glycosylated oligonucleotides, and conclusions and perspectives are provided in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pifferi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gour Chand Daskhan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Fiore
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montreal , P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montreal , P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Hoang A, Laigre E, Goyard D, Defrancq E, Vinet F, Dumy P, Renaudet O. An oxime-based glycocluster microarray. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5135-5139. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate microarrays represent powerful tools to study and detect carbohydrate-binding proteins, pathogens or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugénie Laigre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- DCM UMR 5250
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- DCM UMR 5250
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- DCM UMR 5250
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
| | | | - Pascal Dumy
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34000 Montpellier
- France
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6
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Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions: How Synthetic Chemistry Enables Insights into Nanometric Recognition. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050629. [PMID: 27187342 PMCID: PMC6274006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is intimately involved in many aspects of cell physiology. However, the factors explaining the exquisite selectivity of their functional pairing are not yet fully understood. Studies toward this aim will also help appraise the potential for lectin-directed drug design. With the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as therapeutic targets, the strategy to recruit synthetic chemistry to systematically elucidate structure-activity relationships is outlined, from monovalent compounds to glyco-clusters and glycodendrimers to biomimetic surfaces. The versatility of the synthetic procedures enables to take examining structural and spatial parameters, alone and in combination, to its limits, for example with the aim to produce inhibitors for distinct galectin(s) that exhibit minimal reactivity to other members of this group. Shaping spatial architectures similar to glycoconjugate aggregates, microdomains or vesicles provides attractive tools to disclose the often still hidden significance of nanometric aspects of the different modes of lectin design (sequence divergence at the lectin site, differences of spatial type of lectin-site presentation). Of note, testing the effectors alone or in combination simulating (patho)physiological conditions, is sure to bring about new insights into the cooperation between lectins and the regulation of their activity.
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7
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Chen N, Xie J. Synthesis of glycoaminooxy acid and N-oxyamide-linked glycolipids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of orthogonally protected glycoaminooxy acid and fully deprotected N-oxyamide-linked novel glycolipids is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chen
- PPSM
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
| | - J. Xie
- PPSM
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Cachan
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8
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Abstract
The synthesis and chemical and physicochemical properties as well as biological and medical applications of various hydroxylamine-functionalized carbohydrate derivatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chen
- PPSM
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Alembert Institute
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - J. Xie
- PPSM
- ENS Cachan
- CNRS
- Alembert Institute
- Université Paris-Saclay
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9
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Zamora-Caballero S, Pérez A, Sanz L, Bravo J, Calvete JJ. Quaternary structure of Dioclea grandiflora lectin assessed by equilibrium sedimentation and crystallographic analysis of recombinant mutants. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2290-6. [PMID: 26226421 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The structural basis of the pH dependency of the dimer-tetramer transition exhibited by Brinda's type II Diocleinae lectins was investigated by equilibrium sedimentation and X-ray crystal structure determination of recombinant wild-type and site-directed single and double mutants of the pH-stable tetrameric Dioclea grandiflora lectin (r-αDGL). Releasing the peripheral site interdimeric contact between R60 and D78 rendered a mutant displaying dimer-tetramer equilibrium in the pH range equivalent to pKa±1 of the γ-COOH. Mutation of both histidines 51 and 131, but not the mutation of each His separately, abolished the formation of the Diocleinae canonical tetramer in the pH range 2.5-8.5. The X-ray structure of the double mutant r-αDGL H51G/H131N suggests that H131 plays a crucial role in networking loop 114-125 residues from all four subunits at the central cavity of the tetrameric lectin, and that H51 maintains the central cavity loops in a proper spatial orientation to make H131-mediated interdimer contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zamora-Caballero
- Unidad de Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez
- Laboratorio de Venómica Estructural y Funcional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Spain
| | - Libia Sanz
- Laboratorio de Venómica Estructural y Funcional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Bravo
- Unidad de Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Spain.
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Estructural y Funcional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Spain.
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10
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Daskhan GC, Berthet N, Thomas B, Fiore M, Renaudet O. Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: toward nano-sized glycostructures. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Zhou F, Li S, Cook TR, He Z, Stang PJ. Saccharide-Functionalized Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhou
- College
of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shijun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zuoli He
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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12
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Access to bifunctionalized biomolecular platforms using oxime ligation. Carbohydr Res 2014; 393:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Fiore M, Berthet N, Marra A, Gillon E, Dumy P, Dondoni A, Imberty A, Renaudet O. Tetravalent glycocyclopeptide with nanomolar affinity to wheat germ agglutinin. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:7113-22. [PMID: 24057055 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetravalent glycocyclopeptides functionalized with GlcNAc was synthesized using copper(i)-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, oxime ligation and thiol-ene coupling. The binding ability of these compounds towards wheat germ agglutinin was studied by a competitive ELLA test and ITC experiments. While all compounds were able to inhibit WGA binding to GlcNAc-polymer coated surfaces at low concentrations, derivative 17 having an aliphatic spacer and thioether linkage was 4.9 × 10(6) times more potent on a per sugar basis than GlcNAc. This remarkably strong effect was confirmed by ITC experiments as these revealed an association constant of 9 nM for this compound, therefore presenting a gain of 200,000 times over GlcNAc. These results for compound 17 represent the highest binding properties reported for WGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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14
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André S, Wang GN, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Combining glycocluster synthesis with protein engineering: an approach to probe into the significance of linker length in a tandem-repeat-type lectin (galectin-4). Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:25-38. [PMID: 24698724 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complementarity in lectin-glycan interactions in situ is assumed to involve spatial features in both the lectin and the glycan, giving a functional meaning to structural aspects of the lectin beyond its carbohydrate-binding site. In combining protein engineering with glycocluster synthesis, it is shown that the natural linker length of a tandem-repeat-type human lectin (galectin-4) determines binding properties in two binding assays (using surface-presented glycoprotein and cell surface assays). The types of glycocluster tested included bivalent lactosides based on tertiary amides of terephthalic, isophthalic, 2,6-naphthalic and oxalic acids as well as bivalent H(type 2) trisaccharides grafted on secondary/tertiary terephthalamides and two triazole-linker-containing cores. The presented data reveal a marked change in susceptibility to the test compounds when turning the tandem-repeat-type to a proto-type-like display. The testing of glycoclusters is suggested as a general strategy to help to delineate the significance of distinct structural features of lectins beyond their contact sites to the glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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15
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Hugo MW. Inhibitors of Galectins and Implications for Structure-Based Design of Galectin-Specific Therapeutics. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-specific lectins that are involved in a myriad of metabolic and disease processes. Due to roles in cancer and inflammatory and heart diseases, galectins are attractive targets for drug development. Over the last two decades, various strategies have been used to inhibit galectins, including polysaccharide-based therapeutics, multivalent display of saccharides, peptides, peptidomimetics, and saccharide-modifications. Primarily due to galectin carbohydrate binding sites having high sequence identities, the design and development of selective inhibitors targeting particular galectins, thereby addressing specific disease states, is challenging. Furthermore, the use of different inhibition assays by research groups has hindered systematic assessment of the relative selectivity and affinity of inhibitors. This review summarises the status of current inhibitors, strategies, and novel scaffolds that exploit subtle differences in galectin structures that, in conjunction with increasing available data on multiple galectins, is enabling the feasible design of effective and specific inhibitors of galectins.
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16
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Ulrich S, Boturyn D, Marra A, Renaudet O, Dumy P. Oxime Ligation: A Chemoselective Click-Type Reaction for Accessing Multifunctional Biomolecular Constructs. Chemistry 2013; 20:34-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Conformational Selection in Glycomimetics: Human Galectin-1 Only Recognizessyn-Ψ-Type Conformations of β-1,3-Linked Lactose and ItsC-Glycosyl Derivative. Chemistry 2013; 19:14581-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Berthet N, Thomas B, Bossu I, Dufour E, Gillon E, Garcia J, Spinelli N, Imberty A, Dumy P, Renaudet O. High affinity glycodendrimers for the lectin LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1598-611. [PMID: 23888914 DOI: 10.1021/bc400239m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following an iterative oxime ligation procedure, cyclopeptide (R) and lysine-based dendron (D) were combined in all possible arrangements and successively functionalized with α-fucose and β-fucose to provide a new series of hexadecavalent glycosylated scaffolds (i.e., scaffolds RD16, RR16, DR16, and DD16). These compounds and smaller analogs (tetra- and hexavalent scaffolds R4 and R6) were used to evaluate the influence of the ligand valency and architecture, and of the anomer configuration in the binding to the αFuc-specific lectin LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Competitive enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLA) revealed that only the RD16 architecture displaying αFuc (9A) reaches strong binding improvement (IC50 of 0.6 nM) over αMeFuc, and increases the α-selectivity of LecB. Dissociation constant of 28 nM was measured by isothermal titration micorcalorimetry (ITC) for 9A, which represents the highest affinity ligand ever reported for LecB. ITC and molecular modeling suggested that the high affinity observed might be due to an aggregative chelate binding involving four sugar head groups and two lectins. Interestingly, unprecedented binding effects were observed with β-fucosylated conjugates, albeit being less active than the corresponding ligands of the αFuc series. In particular, the more flexible lysine-based dendritic structures (15B and 18B) showed a slight inhibitory enhancement in comparison with those having cyclopeptide core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Berthet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 & ICMG FR 2607 , Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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19
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Percec V, Leowanawat P, Sun HJ, Kulikov O, Nusbaum CD, Tran TM, Bertin A, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Zhang S, Kamat NP, Vargo K, Moock D, Johnston ED, Hammer DA, Pochan DJ, Chen Y, Chabre YM, Shiao TC, Bergeron-Brlek M, André S, Roy R, Gabius HJ, Heiney PA. Modular synthesis of amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers and their self-assembly into glycodendrimersomes and other complex architectures with bioactivity to biomedically relevant lectins. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9055-77. [PMID: 23692629 DOI: 10.1021/ja403323y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of 7 libraries containing 51 self-assembling amphiphilic Janus dendrimers with the monosaccharides D-mannose and D-galactose and the disaccharide D-lactose in their hydrophilic part is reported. These unprecedented sugar-containing dendrimers are named amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers. Their self-assembly by simple injection of THF or ethanol solution into water or buffer and by hydration was analyzed by a combination of methods including dynamic light scattering, confocal microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform analysis, and micropipet-aspiration experiments to assess mechanical properties. These libraries revealed a diversity of hard and soft assemblies, including unilamellar spherical, polygonal, and tubular vesicles denoted glycodendrimersomes, aggregates of Janus glycodendrimers and rodlike micelles named glycodendrimer aggregates and glycodendrimermicelles, cubosomes denoted glycodendrimercubosomes, and solid lamellae. These assemblies are stable over time in water and in buffer, exhibit narrow molecular-weight distribution, and display dimensions that are programmable by the concentration of the solution from which they are injected. This study elaborated the molecular principles leading to single-type soft glycodendrimersomes assembled from amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers. The multivalency of glycodendrimersomes with different sizes and their ligand bioactivity were demonstrated by selective agglutination with a diversity of sugar-binding protein receptors such as the plant lectins concanavalin A and the highly toxic mistletoe Viscum album L. agglutinin, the bacterial lectin PA-IL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and, of special biomedical relevance, human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-3 and galectin-4. These results demonstrated the candidacy of glycodendrimersomes as new mimics of biological membranes with programmable glycan ligand presentations, as supramolecular lectin blockers, vaccines, and targeted delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.
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The third dimension of reading the sugar code by lectins: design of glycoclusters with cyclic scaffolds as tools with the aim to define correlations between spatial presentation and activity. Molecules 2013; 18:4026-53. [PMID: 23558543 PMCID: PMC6269965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coding of biological information is not confined to nucleic acids and proteins. Endowed with the highest level of structural versatility among biomolecules, the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates are well-suited to generate molecular messages/signals in a minimum of space. The sequence and shape of oligosaccharides as well as spatial aspects of multivalent presentation are assumed to underlie the natural specificity/selectivity that cellular glycans have for endogenous lectins. In order to eventually unravel structure-activity profiles cyclic scaffolds have been used as platforms to produce glycoclusters and afford valuable tools. Using adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and the pan-galectin ligand lactose as a model, emerging insights into the potential of cyclodextrins, cyclic peptides, calixarenes and glycophanes for this purpose are presented herein. The systematic testing of lectin panels with spatially defined ligand presentations can be considered as a biomimetic means to help clarify the mechanisms, which lead to the exquisite accuracy at which endogenous lectins select their physiological counterreceptors from the complexity of the cellular glycome.
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Applications of Glyconanoparticles as “Sweet” Glycobiological Therapeutics and Diagnostics. MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR BIOLOGY, BIOMEDICINE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Because of the importance of carbohydrate-protein interactions in biological processes, the development of glycoclusters and glycodendrimers capable of mimicking the multivalent display of carbohydrates at the cell surface has become a major field of research over the last decade. Among the large variety of scaffolds that are now available, peptides and cyclopeptides are widely used for the multivalent presentation of glycans. This review will provide an overview of the most recent advances in the preparation and utilization of linear glycopeptides and glycocyclopeptides in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Wang GN, André S, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Bi- to tetravalent glycoclusters: synthesis, structure-activity profiles as lectin inhibitors and impact of combining both valency and headgroup tailoring on selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6893-907. [PMID: 22842468 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The emerging functional versatility of cellular glycans makes research on the design of synthetic inhibitors a timely topic. In detail, the combination of ligand (or headgroup or contact site) structure with spatial parameters that depend on topological and geometrical factors underlies the physiological selectivity of glycan-protein (lectin) recognition. We herein tested a panel of bi-, tri- and tetravalent compounds against two plant agglutinins and adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins (galectins). In addition, we examined the impact of headgroup tailoring (converting lactose to 2'-fucosyllactose) in combination with valency increase in two assay types of increasing biorelevance (from solid-phase binding to cell binding). Compounds were prepared using copper-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition from peracetylated lactosyl or 2'-fucosyllactosyl azides. Significant inhibition was achieved for the plant toxin with a tetravalent compound. Different levels of sensitivity were noted for the three groups of the galectin family. The headgroup extension to 2'-fucosyllactose led to a selectivity gain, especially for the chimera-type galectin-3. Valency increase established discrimination against the homodimeric proteins, whereas the combination of valency with the headgroup extension led to discrimination against the tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 for chicken galectins but not human galectins-3 and -4. Thus, detailed structure-activity profiling of glycoclusters combined with suitably modifying the contact site for the targeted lectin will help minimize cross-reactivity among this class of closely related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Martín-Santamaría S, André S, Buzamet E, Caraballo R, Fernández-Cureses G, Morando M, Ribeiro JP, Ramírez-Gualito K, de Pascual-Teresa B, Cañada FJ, Menéndez M, Ramström O, Jiménez-Barbero J, Solís D, Gabius HJ. Symmetric dithiodigalactoside: strategic combination of binding studies and detection of selectivity between a plant toxin and human lectins. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5445-55. [PMID: 21660340 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycosides offer the advantage over O-glycosides to be resistant to hydrolysis. Based on initial evidence of this recognition ability for glycosyldisulfides by screening dynamic combinatorial libraries, we have now systematically studied dithiodigalactoside on a plant toxin (Viscum album agglutinin) and five human lectins (adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins with medical relevance e.g. in tumor progression and spread). Inhibition assays with surface-presented neoglycoprotein and in solution monitored by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy, flanked by epitope mapping, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry revealed binding properties to VAA (K(a): 1560 ± 20 M(-1)). They were reflected by the structural model and the affinity on the level of toxin-exposed cells. In comparison, galectins were considerably less reactive, with intrafamily grading down to very minor reactivity for tandem-repeat-type galectins, as quantitated by radioassays for both domains of galectin-4. Model building indicated contact formation to be restricted to only one galactose moiety, in contrast to thiodigalactoside. The tested glycosyldisulfide exhibits selectivity between the plant toxin and the tested human lectins, and also between these proteins. Therefore, glycosyldisulfides have potential as chemical platform for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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