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Anthofer L, Gmach P, Uretmen Kagiali ZC, Kleinau G, Rotter J, Opitz R, Scheerer P, Beck-Sickinger AG, Wolf P, Biebermann H, Bechmann I, Kühnen P, Krude H, Paisdzior S. Melanocortin-4 Receptor PLC Activation Is Modulated by an Interaction with the Monocarboxylate Transporter 8. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7565. [PMID: 39062808 PMCID: PMC11277258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway that regulates satiety and hunger. MC4R belongs to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are known to form heterodimers with other membrane proteins, potentially modulating receptor function or characteristics. Like MC4R, thyroid hormones (TH) are also essential for energy homeostasis control. TH transport across membranes is facilitated by the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), which is also known to form heterodimers with GPCRs. Based on the finding in single-cell RNA-sequencing data that both proteins are simultaneously expressed in hypothalamic neurons, we investigated a putative interplay between MC4R and MCT8. We developed a novel staining protocol utilizing a fluorophore-labeled MC4R ligand and demonstrated a co-localization of MC4R and MCT8 in human brain tissue. Using in vitro assays such as BRET, IP1, and cAMP determination, we found that MCT8 modulates MC4R-mediated phospholipase C activation but not cAMP formation via a direct interaction, an effect that does not require a functional MCT8 as it was not altered by a specific MCT8 inhibitor. This suggests an extended functional spectrum of MCT8 as a GPCR signaling modulator and argues for the investigation of further GPCR-protein interactions with hitherto underrepresented physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Anthofer
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gmach
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeynep Cansu Uretmen Kagiali
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Rotter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Wolf
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Paisdzior
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Jülke EM, Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Bierer D, Flamme I, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. Rational design of highly stabilized and selective adrenomedullin analogs. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3530. [PMID: 37423610 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids with a disulfide bond and an amidated C-terminus. Due to the vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects, the agonistic activity of the peptide on the adrenomedullin 1 receptor (AM1 R) is of high pharmacological interest. However, the wild-type peptide shows low metabolic stability leading to rapid degradation in the cardiovascular system. Previous work by our group has identified proteolytic cleavage sites and demonstrated stabilization of ADM by lipidation, cyclization, and N-methylation. Nevertheless, these ADM analogs showed reduced activity and subtype selectivity toward the closely related calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR). Here, we report on the rational development of ADM derivatives with increased proteolytic stability and high receptor selectivity. Stabilizing motifs, including lactamization and lipidation, were evaluated regarding AM1 R and CGRPR activation. Furthermore, the central DKDK motif of the peptide was replaced by oligoethylene glycol linkers. The modified peptides were synthesized by Fmoc/t-Bu solid-phase peptide synthesis and receptor activation of AM1 R and CGRPR was measured by cAMP reporter gene assay. Peptide stability was tested in human blood plasma and porcine liver homogenate and analyzed by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Combination of the favorable lactam, lipidation, ethylene glycol linker, and previously described disulfide mimetic resulted in highly stabilized analogs with a plasma half-life of more than 144 h. The compounds display excellent AM1 R activity and wild-type-like selectivity toward CGRPR. Additionally, dose-dependent vasodilatory effects of the ADM derivatives lasted for several hours in rodents. Thus, we successfully developed an ADM analog with long-term in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Jülke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ingo Flamme
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes Köbberling
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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3
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Li H, Hou Z, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Cai J, Xin Q, Yin F, Li Z, Xu N. Methodology of stable peptide based on propargylated sulfonium. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101508. [PMID: 37448811 PMCID: PMC10336417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides can be used as effective molecular tool for covalent modification of proteins and play important roles in ligand directed covalent modification. Tyr-selective protein modifications exert a profound impact on protein functionality. Here, we developed a general strategy that involves nucleophilic addition of alkyne for tyrosine modification. The terminal alkyne of propargyl sulfonium is motivated by the sulfonium center to react with phenolic hydroxyl. This approach provides a straightforward method for tyrosine modification due to its high yield in aqueous solution at physiological temperature. In addition, cyclic peptides could be obtained via adjusting pH to 8.0 from peptides consisting of tyrosine and methionine modified by propargyl bromide, and the resulting cyclic peptides are proved to have better stability, excellent 2-mercaptopyridine resistance and improved cellular uptakes. Furthermore, molecules made from the propargylated sulfonium have the potential to be used as warheads against tyrosine containing biomolecules. Collectively, we develop a direct and uncomplicated technique for modifying tyrosine residues, the strategy concerned can be widely utilized to construct stable peptides and biomolecules imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuena Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qilei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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4
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Kotliar IB, Lorenzen E, Schwenk JM, Hay DL, Sakmar TP. Elucidating the Interactome of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1-34. [PMID: 36757898 PMCID: PMC9832379 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to interact with several other classes of integral membrane proteins that modulate their biology and pharmacology. However, the extent of these interactions and the mechanisms of their effects are not well understood. For example, one class of GPCR-interacting proteins, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), comprise three related and ubiquitously expressed single-transmembrane span proteins. The RAMP family was discovered more than two decades ago, and since then GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences on receptor trafficking and ligand selectivity have been documented for several secretin (class B) GPCRs, most notably the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Recent bioinformatics and multiplexed experimental studies suggest that GPCR-RAMP interactions might be much more widespread than previously anticipated. Recently, cryo-electron microscopy has provided high-resolution structures of GPCR-RAMP-ligand complexes, and drugs have been developed that target GPCR-RAMP complexes. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in techniques that allow the discovery of GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences and highlight prospects for future advances. We also provide an up-to-date list of reported GPCR-RAMP interactions based on a review of the current literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have emerged as modulators of many aspects of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)biology and pharmacology. The application of new methodologies to study membrane protein-protein interactions suggests that RAMPs interact with many more GPCRs than had been previously known. These findings, especially when combined with structural studies of membrane protein complexes, have significant implications for advancing GPCR-targeted drug discovery and the understanding of GPCR pharmacology, biology, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
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5
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Hellenthal KEM, Brabenec L, Wagner NM. Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121935. [PMID: 35741064 PMCID: PMC9221661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity.
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6
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Pearce A, Redfern-Nichols T, Harris M, Poyner DR, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. Determining the Effects of Differential Expression of GRKs and β-arrestins on CLR-RAMP Agonist Bias. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840763. [PMID: 35422711 PMCID: PMC9001978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling of the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) is multifaceted, due to its interaction with receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs), and three endogenous peptide agonists. Previous studies have focused on the bias of G protein signalling mediated by the receptor and receptor internalisation of the CLR-RAMP complex has been assumed to follow the same pattern as other Class B1 G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Here we sought to measure desensitisation of the three CLR-RAMP complexes in response to the three peptide agonists, through the measurement of β-arrestin recruitment and internalisation. We then delved further into the mechanism of desensitisation through modulation of β-arrestin activity and the expression of GPCR kinases (GRKs), a key component of homologous GPCR desensitisation. First, we have shown that CLR-RAMP1 is capable of potently recruiting β-arrestin1 and 2, subsequently undergoing rapid endocytosis, and that CLR-RAMP2 and -RAMP3 also utilise these pathways, although to a lesser extent. Following this we have shown that agonist-dependent internalisation of CLR is β-arrestin dependent, but not required for full agonism. Overexpression of GRK2-6 was then found to decrease receptor signalling, due to an agonist-independent reduction in surface expression of the CLR-RAMP complex. These results represent the first systematic analysis of the importance of β-arrestins and GRKs in CLR-RAMP signal transduction and pave the way for further investigation regarding other Class B1 GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Graham Ladds,
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7
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van Lier D, Kox M, Pickkers P. Promotion of vascular integrity in sepsis through modulation of bioactive adrenomedullin and dipeptidyl peptidase 3. J Intern Med 2021; 289:792-806. [PMID: 33381880 PMCID: PMC8246835 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis represents one of the major medical challenges of the 21st century. Despite substantial improvements in the knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms, this has so far not translated into novel adjuvant treatment strategies for sepsis. In sepsis, both vascular tone and vascular integrity are compromised, and contribute to the development of shock, which is strongly related to the development of organ dysfunction and mortality. In this review, we focus on dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) and adrenomedullin (ADM), two molecules that act on the vasculature and are involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock. DPP3 is an ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme involved in the degradation of several important signalling molecules essential for regulation of vascular tone, including angiotensin II. ADM is a key hormone involved in the regulation of vascular tone and endothelial barrier function. Previous studies have shown that circulating concentrations of both DPP3 and ADM are independently associated with the development of organ failure and adverse outcome in sepsis. We now discuss new evidence illustrating that these molecules indeed represent two distinct pathways involved in the development of septic shock. Recently, both ADM-enhancing therapies aimed at improving endothelial barrier function and vascular tone and DPP3-blocking therapies aimed at restoring systemic angiotensin responses have been shown to improve outcome in various preclinical sepsis models. Given the current lack of effective adjuvant therapies in sepsis, additional research on the therapeutic application of these peptides in humans is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D van Lier
- From the, Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Kox
- From the, Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Pickkers
- From the, Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Kuroishi N, Nagata S, Akashi E, Ashizuka S, Kato J, Yamasaki M, Kitamura K. Development of a novel human adrenomedullin derivative: human serum albumin-conjugated adrenomedullin. J Biochem 2021; 170:445-451. [PMID: 33964134 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin is a biologically active peptide with multiple functions. Here, we have developed a novel human serum albumin-adrenomedullin (HSA-AM) conjugate, which was synthesized by the covalent attachment of a maleimide derivative of adrenomedullin to the 34th cysteine residue of human serum albumin via a linker. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and Western blotting for HSA-AM yielded a single band with adrenomedullin immunoreactivity at the position corresponding to a molecular weight (MW) of 73 kDa. Following gel-filtration chromatography, the purified HSA-AM showed a single main peak corresponding with a MW of 73 kDa, indicating that HSA-AM is a monomer. Both adrenomedullin and HSA-AM stimulated the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the adrenomedullin 1 receptor. The pEC50 values for adrenomedullin and HSA-AM were 8.660 and 7.208 (equivalent to 2.19 nM and 61.9 nM as EC50), respectively. The bioavailability of HSA-AM compared with that of adrenomedullin was much improved after subcutaneous administration in the rat, which was probably due to the superior resistance of HSA-AM toward endogenous proteases and its reduced clearance from the blood. HSA-AM may be a promising drug candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Kuroishi
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Emiko Akashi
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shinya Ashizuka
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Motoo Yamasaki
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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9
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Liu M, Whitfield EA, Fothergill LJ, Furness JB, Wade JD, Furness SGB, Hossain MA. Design, synthesis and characterization of a fluorescently labeled functional analog of full-length human ghrelin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:559-564. [PMID: 32980116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human ghrelin receptor (GHSR) is a recognized prospective target in the diagnosis and therapy of multiple cancer types. To gain a better understanding of this receptor signaling system, we have synthesized a novel full-length ghrelin analog that is fluorescently labeled at the side-chain of a C-terminal cysteine extension. This analog exhibited nanomolar affinity and potency for the ghrelin receptor. It shows comparable efficacy with that of endogenous ghrelin. The fluorescently-labeled ghrelin analog is a valuable tool for in vitro imaging of cell lines that express ghrelin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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10
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Thrombin rapidly digests adrenomedullin: Synthesis of adrenomedullin analogs resistant to thrombin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:778-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Garelja M, Au M, Brimble MA, Gingell JJ, Hendrikse ER, Lovell A, Prodan N, Sexton PM, Siow A, Walker CS, Watkins HA, Williams GM, Wootten D, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Molecular Mechanisms of Class B GPCR Activation: Insights from Adrenomedullin Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:246-262. [PMID: 32296766 PMCID: PMC7155197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52 amino acid peptide that plays a regulatory role in the vasculature. Receptors for AM comprise the class B G protein-coupled receptor, the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), in complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). The C-terminus of AM is involved in binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, while the N-terminus is proposed to interact with the juxtamembranous portion of the receptor to activate signaling. There is currently limited information on the molecular determinants involved in AM signaling, thus we set out to define the importance of the AM N-terminus through five signaling pathways (cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and IP1 production). We characterized the three CLR:RAMP complexes through the five pathways, finding that each had a distinct repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways that it is able to regulate. We then performed an alanine scan of AM from residues 15-31 and found that most residues could be substituted with only small effects on signaling, and that most substitutions affected signaling through all receptors and pathways in a similar manner. We identify F18, T20, L26, and I30 as being critical for AM function, while also identifying an analogue (AM15-52 G19A) which has unique signaling properties relative to the unmodified AM. We interpret our findings in the context of new structural information, highlighting the complementary nature of structural biology and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. Garelja
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Maggie Au
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annie Lovell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Prodan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Harriet A. Watkins
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sung H. Yang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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13
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Abstract
Sepsis remains a major scientific and medical challenge, for which, apart from significant refinements in supportive therapy, treatment has barely changed over the last few decades. During sepsis, both vascular tone and vascular integrity are compromised, and contribute to the development of shock. The free circulating peptide adrenomedullin (ADM) is involved in the regulation of the endothelial barrier function and tone of blood vessels. Several animal studies have shown that ADM administration improves outcome of sepsis. However, in higher dosages, ADM administration may cause hypotension, limiting its clinical applicability. Moreover, ADM has a very short half-life and easily adheres to surfaces, further hampering its clinical use. The non-neutralizing anti-ADM antibody Adrecizumab (HAM8101) which causes a long-lasting increase of plasma ADM has shown promising results in animal models of systemic inflammation and sepsis; it reduced inflammation, attenuated vascular leakage, and improved hemodynamics, kidney function, and survival. Combined with an excellent safety profile derived from animal and phase I human studies, Adrecizumab represents a promising candidate drug for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the currently available data on the role of adrenomedullin in sepsis and describe its effects on endothelial barrier function and vasodilation. Furthermore, we provide a novel hypothesis concerning the mechanisms of action through which Adrecizumab may exert its beneficial effects in sepsis.
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14
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Musa H, Hendrikse ER, Brimble MA, Garelja ML, Watkins HA, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Pharmacological Characterization and Investigation of N-Terminal Loop Amino Acids of Adrenomedullin 2 That Are Important for Receptor Activation. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3468-3474. [PMID: 31328503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) is a peptide hormone with potent effects in the cardiovascular system. The N-terminal disulfide loop of AM2 is thought to be important for interacting with its receptors to initiate a signaling response. However, the relative contribution of each amino acid within this region is currently unknown. Thus, the region was investigated using an alanine scanning approach. Two AM2 peptides (AM2-47 and AM2-40) were directly compared at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors in transfected Cos7 cells and found to have equivalent activity. Analogues of AM2-40 were then synthesized, substituting each individual amino acid within the disulfide loop with alanine. The ability of these analogues to stimulate a cAMP response was evaluated at the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors. AM2-40 L12A and T14A were less able to elicit cAMP responses through all tested receptors. In contrast, AM2-40 G13A was slightly more potent than the unmodified peptide at all tested receptors. Thus, it appears that residues within the disulfide loop region play differential roles in the ability of AM2 to stimulate cAMP production. The data provide the first structure-function investigation of AM2 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Musa
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Erica R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Harriet A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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15
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Yule LR, Garelja ML, Hendrikse ER, Gingell JJ, Poyner DR, Harris PWH, Brimble MA, Hay DL. A potent fluorescent calcitonin gene‐related peptide analogue enables visualization of receptor internalization. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Yule
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Michael L. Garelja
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health SciencesAston University Birmingham UK
| | - Paul W. H. Harris
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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16
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Voors AA, Kremer D, Geven C, ter Maaten JM, Struck J, Bergmann A, Pickkers P, Metra M, Mebazaa A, Düngen H, Butler J. Adrenomedullin in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic application. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:163-171. [PMID: 30592365 PMCID: PMC6607488 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone first discovered in 1993 in pheochromocytoma. It is synthesized by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and diffuses freely between blood and interstitium. Excretion of ADM is stimulated by volume overload to maintain endothelial barrier function. Disruption of the ADM system therefore results in vascular leakage and systemic and pulmonary oedema. In addition, ADM inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ADM is strongly elevated in patients with sepsis and in patients with acute heart failure. Since hallmarks of both conditions are vascular leakage and tissue oedema, we hypothesize that ADM plays a compensatory role and may exert protective properties against fluid overload and tissue congestion. Recently, a new immunoassay that specifically measures the biologically active ADM (bio-ADM) has been developed, and might become a biomarker for tissue congestion. As a consequence, measurement of bio-ADM might potentially be used to guide diuretic therapy in patients with heart failure. In addition, ADM might be used to guide treatment of (pulmonary) oedema or even become a target for therapy. Adrecizumab is a humanized, monoclonal, non-neutralizing ADM-binding antibody with a half-life of 15 days. Adrecizumab binds at the N-terminal epitope of ADM, leaving the C-terminal side intact to bind to its receptor. Due to its high molecular weight, the antibody adrecizumab cannot cross the endothelial barrier and consequently remains in the circulation. The observation that adrecizumab increases plasma concentrations of ADM indicates that ADM-binding by adrecizumab is able to drain ADM from the interstitium into the circulation. We therefore hypothesize that administration of adrecizumab improves vascular integrity, leading to improvement of tissue congestion and thereby may improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. A phase II study with adrecizumab in patients with sepsis is ongoing and a phase II study on the effects of adrecizumab in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with elevated ADM is currently in preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan A. Voors
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher Geven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Joachim Struck
- Sphingotec GmbHHennigsdorfGermany
- Adrenomed AGHennigsdorfGermany
| | | | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthInstitute of Cardiology, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint‐Louis Lariboisière; INI‐CRCTUniversity Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Hans‐Dirk Düngen
- Department of CardiologyCharité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow‐KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of CardiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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17
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Fischer J, Schönauer R, Els‐Heindl S, Bierer D, Koebberling J, Riedl B, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin disulfide bond mimetics uncover structural requirements for AM1receptor activation. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3147. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els‐Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften, Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A Wuppertal Germany
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18
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Schönauer R, Bierer D, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. The Impact of Adrenomedullin Thr22 on Selectivity within the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor/Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein System. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1797-1805. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Johannes Köbberling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Bayer AG; Aprather Weg 18 A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
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19
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Geven C, Kox M, Pickkers P. Adrenomedullin and Adrenomedullin-Targeted Therapy As Treatment Strategies Relevant for Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:292. [PMID: 29520277 PMCID: PMC5827550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major medical challenge, for which, apart from improvements in supportive care, treatment has not relevantly changed over the last few decades. Vasodilation and vascular leakage play a pivotal role in the development of septic shock, with vascular leakage being caused by disrupted endothelial integrity. Adrenomedullin (ADM), a free circulating peptide involved in regulation of endothelial barrier function and vascular tone, is implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis. ADM levels are increased during sepsis, and correlate with extent of vasodilation, as well as with disease severity and mortality. In vitro and preclinical in vivo data show that administration of ADM exerts anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and protective effects on endothelial barrier function during sepsis, but other work suggests that it may also decrease blood pressure, which could be detrimental for patients with septic shock. Work has been carried out to negate ADMs putative negative effects, while preserving or even potentiating its beneficial actions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the use of antibodies that bind to the N-terminus of ADM results in an overall increase of circulating ADM levels and improves sepsis outcome. Similar beneficial effects were obtained using coadministration of ADM and ADM-binding protein-1. It is hypothesized that the mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ADM binding involves prolongation of its half-life and a shift of ADM from the interstitium to the circulation. This in turn results in increased ADM activity in the blood compartment, where it exerts beneficial endothelial barrier-stabilizing effects, whereas its detrimental vasodilatory effects in the interstitium are reduced. Up till now, in vivo data on ADM-targeted treatments in humans are lacking; however, the first study in septic patients with an N-terminus antibody (Adrecizumab) is currently being conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Geven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Erak M, Bellmann-Sickert K, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide chemistry toolbox - Transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2759-2765. [PMID: 29395804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid phase peptide synthesis has released tremendous opportunities for using synthetic peptides in medicinal applications. In the last decades, peptide therapeutics became an emerging market in pharmaceutical industry. The need for synthetic strategies in order to improve peptidic properties, such as longer half-life, higher bioavailability, increased potency and efficiency is accordingly rising. In this mini-review, we present a toolbox of modifications in peptide chemistry for overcoming the main drawbacks during the transition from natural peptides to peptide therapeutics. Modifications at the level of the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains and higher orders of structures are described. Furthermore, we are discussing the future of peptide therapeutics development and their impact on the pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Erak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - new perspectives of a potent peptide hormone. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:472-485. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
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22
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Fischer JP, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin 2.0: Adjusting Key Levers for Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5695-705. [PMID: 27166982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 52 amino acid peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) plays a major role in the development and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system and has therefore gained significant interest for clinical applications. Because adrenomedullin exhibits low metabolic stability, enhancement of the plasma half-life is essential for peptide-based drug design. Fluorescently labeled ADM analogues synthesized by Fmoc/t-Bu solid phase peptide synthesis were used to analyze their enzymatic degradation and specific fragmentation pattern in human blood plasma. The determination of important cleavage sites allowed the development of selectively modified peptides in a rational approach. By combination of palmitoylation, lactam-bridging, and Nα-methylation, ADM analogues protected from enzymatic cleavage in human blood were developed and revealed an explicitly elongated half-life of 5 days in comparison to the wild-type in vitro. This triple-modification did not alter the selectivity of the analogues at the AM1 receptor, highlighting their potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig , Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer Pharma AG , Aprather Weg 18A, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
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