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Paul S, Paul S. Controlling the self-assembly of human calcitonin: a theoretical approach using molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14496-14510. [PMID: 34184696 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human calcitonin (hCT) is a 32-residue amino acid poly-peptide hormone which is secreted by the C-cells (also known as parafollicular cells) of thyroid glands. It acts to inhibit osteoclast cell hormones by reducing the cell function and regulating calcium and phosphate in blood. hCT has a high tendency to assemble into protofilaments with β-sheet conformations. Amyloid fibril formation of hCT reduces its bio-activity and limits its application as a therapeutic drug. Salmon calcitonin (sCT), which also carries the same disulfide bridge at the N and C-terminus, but differs at the 16 residue position from hCT, has less propensity to aggregate than hCT. Human calcitonin has much higher bio-activity than sCT if its aggregation propensity is reduced. Substituting the key residues which are responsible for the aggregation of hCT, is one of the ways to reduce its aggregation and fibril formation. hCT analogues with less aggregation tendency can be exploited as therapeutic drugs. In this work, we study the amyloidogenic behavior of hCT and its peptide based derivatives i.e., sCT, phCT, N17H hCT, Y12L hCT and DM hCT, through classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our study reveals that sCT is the least aggregation prone derivative, and the double mutation at position 12 and 17 can reduce the aggregation propensity of this peptide. Also, we have applied these mutant variants of hCT as peptide inhibitors in the self-aggregation of hCT. This study could help in understanding and preparing peptide-based inhibitors for hCT fibrillation and their applications as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Lantz R, Busbee B, Wojcikiewicz EP, Du D. Flavonoids with Vicinal Hydroxyl Groups Inhibit Human Calcitonin Amyloid Formation. Chemistry 2020; 26:13063-13071. [PMID: 32458489 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human calcitonin (hCT) is a 32-residue peptide hormone that can aggregate into amyloid fibrils and cause cellular toxicity. In this study, we investigated the inhibition effects of a group of polyphenolic molecules on hCT amyloid formation. Our results suggest that the gallate moiety in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a well-recognized amyloid inhibitor, is not critical for its inhibition function in the hCT amyloid formation. Our results demonstrate that flavonoid compounds, such as myricetin, quercetin, and baicalein, that contain vicinal hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring effectively prevent hCT fibrillization. This structural feature may also be applied to non-flavonoid polyphenolic inhibitors. Moreover, our results indicate a plausible mechanistic role of these vicinal hydroxyl groups which might include the oxidation to form a quinone and the subsequent covalent linkage with amino acid residues such as lysine or histidine in hCT. This may further disrupt the crucial electrostatic and aromatic interactions involved in the process of hCT amyloid fibril formation. The inhibition activity of the polyphenolic compounds against hCT fibril formation may likely be attributed to a combination of factors such as covalent linkage formation, aromatic stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Brian Busbee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Ewa P Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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Lantz R, Busbee B, Wojcikiewicz EP, Du D. Effects of disulfide bond and cholesterol derivatives on human calcitonin amyloid formation. Biopolymers 2019; 111:e23343. [PMID: 31804717 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human calcitonin (hCT) is a 32-residue peptide that aggregates to form amyloid fibrils under appropriate conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of the intramolecular disulfide bond formed at the N-terminal region of the peptide in the aggregation kinetics of hCT. Our results indicate that the presence of the disulfide bond in hCT plays a crucial role in forming the critical nucleus needed for fibril formation, facilitating the rate of hCT amyloidogenesis. Furthermore, we reported for the first time the effects of cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate, and 3β-[N-(dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-cholesterol) on the amyloid formation of oxidized hCT. Our results show that while cholesterol does not affect amyloidogenesis of oxidized hCT, high concentrations of cholesterol sulfate exhibits a moderate inhibiting activity on hCT amyloid formation. In particular, our results show that DC-cholesterol strongly inhibits amyloidogenesis of oxidized hCT in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies at different pH conditions imply the crucial impact of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions in mediating the interplay of hCT and the surface of DC-cholesterol vesicles and the inhibiting function of DC-cholesterol on hCT fibrillization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, U.S.A
| | - Brian Busbee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, U.S.A
| | - Ewa P Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, U.S.A
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, U.S.A
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Chen YT, Hu KW, Huang BJ, Lai CH, Tu LH. Inhibiting Human Calcitonin Fibril Formation with Its Most Relevant Aggregation-Resistant Analog. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10171-10180. [PMID: 31692350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The most common obstacles to the development of therapeutic polypeptides are peptide stability and aggregation. Human calcitonin (hCT) is a 32-residue hormone polypeptide secreted from the C-cells of the thyroid gland and is responsible for calcium and phosphate regulation in the blood. hCT reduces calcium levels by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are bone cells that are mainly responsible for breaking down the bone tissue or decreasing the resorption of calcium from the kidneys. Thus, calcitonin injection has been used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. hCT is an aggregation-prone peptide with a high tendency to form amyloid fibrils. As a result, salmon calcitonin (sCT), which is different from hCT at 16-residue positions and has a lower propensity to aggregate, has been chosen as a clinical substitute for hCT. However, significant side effects, including immune reactions, have been shown with the use of sCT injection. In this study, we found that two residues, Tyr-12 and Asn-17, play key roles in inducing the fibrillization of hCT. Double mutation of hCT at these two crucial sites could greatly enhance its resistance to aggregation and provide a peptide-based inhibitor to prevent amyloid formation by hCT. Double-mutated hCT retains its ability to interact with its receptor in vivo. These findings suggest that this variant of hCT would serve as a valuable therapeutic alternative to sCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jie Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
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Dong N, Li XR, Xu XY, Lv YF, Li ZY, Shan AS, Wang JL. Characterization of bactericidal efficiency, cell selectivity, and mechanism of short interspecific hybrid peptides. Amino Acids 2017; 50:453-468. [PMID: 29282543 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Facing rising global antibiotics resistance, physical membrane-damaging antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent promising antimicrobial agents. Various strategies to design effective hybrid peptides offer many advantages in overcoming the adverse effects of natural AMPs. In this study, hybrid peptides from different species were investigated, and three hybrid antimicrobial peptides, LI, LN, and LC, were designed by combining the typical fragment of human cathelicidin-derived LL37 with either indolicidin, pig nematode cecropin P1 (CP-1) or rat neutrophil peptide-1 (NP-1). In an aqueous solution, all hybrid peptides had an unordered conformation. In simulated membrane conditions, the hybrid peptide LI displayed more β-turn and β-hairpin structures, whereas LN and LC folded into α-helix structures. The three interspecific hybrid peptides LI, LN, and LC exhibited different levels of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. LI demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity and cell selectivity. The results of the swimming motility indicated that LI repressed bacterial motility in a concentration-dependent method. Endotoxin binding assay demonstrated that hybrid peptide LI conserved the binding ability to LPS (polyanionic lipopolysaccharides) of its parental peptides. Fluorescence assays, flow cytometry, and SEM further revealed that hybrid peptide LI acted through different bacteriostatic mechanisms than LL37 and indolicidin and that LI killed bacterial cells via membrane damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that hybrid peptide LI produced by interspecific hybrid synthesis possessed strong cell selectivity and is a promising therapeutic candidate for drug-resistant bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Lv
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - A S Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - J L Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kamgar-Parsi K, Tolchard J, Habenstein B, Loquet A, Naito A, Ramamoorthy A. Structural Biology of Calcitonin: From Aqueous Therapeutic Properties to Amyloid Aggregation. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Kamgar-Parsi
- Applied Physics Program; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040 USA
| | - James Tolchard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248; University of Bordeaux; 33600 Pessac France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248; University of Bordeaux; 33600 Pessac France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248; University of Bordeaux; 33600 Pessac France
| | - Akira Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Program; University of Michigan; 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
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