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Ali A, Alzeyoudi SAR, Almutawa SA, Alnajjar AN, Vijayan R. Molecular basis of the therapeutic properties of hemorphins. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104855. [PMID: 32438036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemorphins are endogenous peptides, 4-10 amino acids long, belonging to the family of atypical opioid peptides released during the sequential cleavage of hemoglobin protein. Hemorphins have been shown to exhibit diverse therapeutic effects in both human and animal models. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such effects remain elusive. In this review, we summarize and propose potential mechanisms based on studies that investigated the biological activity of hemorphins of different lengths on multiple therapeutic targets. Special emphasis is given to molecular events related to renin-angiotensin system (RAS), opioid receptors and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase receptor (IRAP). This review provides a comprehensive coverage of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic potential of hemorphins. Furthermore, it highlights the role of various hemorphin residues in pathological conditions, which could be explored further for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanat Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma Abdulla Almutawa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alya Nasir Alnajjar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Fesenko I, Azarkina R, Kirov I, Kniazev A, Filippova A, Grafskaia E, Lazarev V, Zgoda V, Butenko I, Bukato O, Lyapina I, Nazarenko D, Elansky S, Mamaeva A, Ivanov V, Govorun V. Phytohormone treatment induces generation of cryptic peptides with antimicrobial activity in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30616513 PMCID: PMC6322304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptic peptides (cryptides) are small bioactive molecules generated via degradation of functionally active proteins. Only a few examples of plant cryptides playing an important role in plant defense have been reported to date, hence our knowledge about cryptic signals hidden in protein structure remains very limited. Moreover, little is known about how stress conditions influence the size of endogenous peptide pools, and which of these peptides themselves have biological functions is currently unclear. RESULTS Here, we used mass spectrometry to comprehensively analyze the endogenous peptide pools generated from functionally active proteins inside the cell and in the secretome from the model plant Physcomitrella patens. Overall, we identified approximately 4,000 intracellular and approximately 500 secreted peptides. We found that the secretome and cellular peptidomes did not show significant overlap and that respective protein precursors have very different protein degradation patterns. We showed that treatment with the plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate induced specific proteolysis of new functional proteins and the release of bioactive peptides having an antimicrobial activity and capable to elicit the expression of plant defense genes. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of protease activity during methyl jasmonate treatment decreased the secretome antimicrobial potential, suggesting an important role of peptides released from proteins in immune response. CONCLUSIONS Using mass-spectrometry, in vitro experiments and bioinformatics analysis, we found that methyl jasmonate acid induces significant changes in the peptide pools and that some of the resulting peptides possess antimicrobial and regulatory activities. Moreover, our study provides a list of peptides for further study of potential plant cryptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Regina Azarkina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kirov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Kniazev
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Filippova
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Grafskaia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region Russia
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Bukato
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Lyapina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Nazarenko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Elansky
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mamaeva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Gabl M, Sundqvist M, Holdfeldt A, Lind S, Mårtensson J, Christenson K, Marutani T, Dahlgren C, Mukai H, Forsman H. Mitocryptides from Human Mitochondrial DNA-Encoded Proteins Activate Neutrophil Formyl Peptide Receptors: Receptor Preference and Signaling Properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3269-3282. [PMID: 29602776 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic neutrophils express formyl peptide receptors (FPRs; FPR1 and FPR2) that distinctly recognize peptides starting with an N-formylated methionine (fMet). This is a hallmark of bacterial metabolism; similar to prokaryotes, the starting amino acid in synthesis of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins is an fMet. Mitochondrial cryptic peptides (mitocryptides; MCTs) with an N-terminal fMet could be identified by our innate immune system; however, in contrast to our knowledge about bacterial metabolites, very little is known about the recognition profiles of MCTs. In this study, we determined the neutrophil-recognition profiles and functional output of putative MCTs originating from the N termini of the 13 human mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins. Six of the thirteen MCTs potently activated neutrophils with distinct FPR-recognition profiles: MCTs from ND3 and ND6 have a receptor preference for FPR1; MCTs from the proteins ND4, ND5, and cytochrome b prefer FPR2; and MCT-COX1 is a dual FPR1/FPR2 agonist. MCTs derived from ND2 and ND4L are very weak neutrophil activators, whereas MCTs from ND1, ATP6, ATP8, COX2, and COX3, do not exert agonistic or antagonistic FPR effects. In addition, the activating MCTs heterologously desensitized IL-8R but primed the response to the platelet-activating factor receptor agonist. More importantly, our data suggest that MCTs have biased signaling properties in favor of activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase or recruitment of β-arrestin. In summary, we identify several novel FPR-activating peptides with sequences present in the N termini of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins, and our data elucidate the molecular basis of neutrophil activation by MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Takayuki Marutani
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 526-0829 Nagahama, Japan
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hidehito Mukai
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 526-0829 Nagahama, Japan
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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