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Wunderlich H, Alvaro RAC, Wenschuh H, Schnatbaum K. New method for peptide purification based on selective removal of truncation peptide impurities after SPPS with orthogonal capping. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3496. [PMID: 37060350 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is associated with high solvent consumption, relatively large effort and lack of efficient parallelization. As an alternative, many catch-and-release (c&r) purification methods have been developed over the last decades to enable the efficient parallel purification of peptides originating from solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). However, with one exception, none of the c&r systems has been widely established in industry and academia until today. Herein, we present an entirely new chromatography-free purification concept for peptides synthesized on a solid support, termed reactive capping purification (RCP). The RCP method relies on the capping of truncation peptides arising from incomplete coupling of amino acids during SPPS with a reactive tag. The reactive tag contains a masked functionality that, upon liberation during cleavage from the resin, enables straightforward purification of the peptide by incubation with a resin-bound reactive moiety. In this work, two different reactive tags based on masked thiols were developed. Capping with these reactive tags during SPPS led to effective modification of truncated sequences and subsequent removal of the latter by chemoselective reaction with a maleimide-functionalized solid support. By introducing a suitable protecting group strategy, the thiol-based RCP method described here could also be successfully applied to a thiol-containing peptide. Finally, the purification of a 15-meric peptide by the RCP method was demonstrated. The developed method has low solvent consumption, has the potential for efficient parallelization, uses readily available reagents, and is experimentally simple to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wunderlich
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
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2
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Nakahara H, Sennari G, Noguchi Y, Hirose T, Sunazuka T. Development of a nitrogen-bound hydrophobic auxiliary: application to solid/hydrophobic-tag relay synthesis of calpinactam. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6882-6889. [PMID: 37389244 PMCID: PMC10306108 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, technologies and strategies for peptide synthesis have advanced rapidly. Although solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) have contributed significantly to the development of the field, there have been remaining challenges for C-terminal modifications of peptide compounds in SPPS and LPPS. Orthogonal to the current standard approach that relies on installation of a carrier molecule at the C-terminus of amino acids, we developed a new hydrophobic-tag carbonate reagent which facilitated robust preparation of nitrogen-tag-supported peptide compounds. This auxiliary was easily installed on a variety of amino acids including oligopeptides that have a broad range of noncanonical residues, allowing simple purification of the products by crystallization and filtration. We demonstrated a de novo solid/hydrophobic-tag relay synthesis (STRS) strategy using the nitrogen-bound auxiliary for total synthesis of calpinactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakahara
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Goh Sennari
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
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Abstract
Peptides have traditionally been perceived as poor drug candidates due to unfavorable characteristics mainly regarding their pharmacokinetic behavior, including plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life. Nonetheless, in recent years, general strategies to tackle those shortcomings have been established, and peptides are subsequently gaining increasing interest as drugs due to their unique ability to combine the advantages of antibodies and small molecules. Macrocyclic peptides are a special focus of drug development efforts due to their ability to address so called ‘undruggable’ targets characterized by large and flat protein surfaces lacking binding pockets. Here, the main strategies developed to date for adapting peptides for clinical use are summarized, which may soon help usher in an age highly shaped by peptide-based therapeutics. Nonetheless, limited membrane permeability is still to overcome before peptide therapeutics will be broadly accepted.
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Zitterbart R, Berger N, Reimann O, Noble GT, Lüdtke S, Sarma D, Seitz O. Traceless parallel peptide purification by a first-in-class reductively cleavable linker system featuring a safety-release. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2389-2396. [PMID: 34164003 PMCID: PMC8179278 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of peptides can be synthesized by automated parallel synthesizers in a single run. In contrast, the most widely used peptide purification method – high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) – only allows one-by-one processing of each sample. The chromatographic purification of many peptides, therefore, remains a time-consuming and costly effort. Catch-and-release methods can be processed in parallel and potentially provide a remedy. However, no such system has yet provided a true alternative to HPLC. Herein we present the development of a side-reaction free, reductively cleavable linker. The linker is added to the target peptide as the last building block during peptide synthesis. After acidic cleavage from synthetic resin, the linker-tagged full-length peptide is caught onto an aldehyde-modified solid support by rapid oxime ligation, allowing removal of all impurities lacking the linker by washing. Reducing the aryl azide to an aniline sensitizes the linker for cleavage. However, scission does not occur at non-acidic pH enabling wash out of reducing agent. Final acidic treatment safely liberates the peptide by an acid-catalysed 1,6-elimination. We showcase this first-in-class reductively cleavable linker system in the parallel purification of a personalized neoantigen cocktail, containing 20 peptides for cancer immunotherapy within six hours. A first-in-class reductively cleavable linker system that enables parallel and traceless purification of peptides through a safety-release is introduced with three linker types and showcased by rapid production of 20 personalized neoantigen peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadja Berger
- Belyntic GmbH Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Reimann
- Belyntic GmbH Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Gavin T Noble
- Bachem (UK) Ltd. Delph Court, Sullivans Way, St. Helens Merseyside WA9 5GL UK
| | - Stephan Lüdtke
- Belyntic GmbH Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Dominik Sarma
- Belyntic GmbH Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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5
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Pomplun S, Shugrue CR, Schmitt AM, Schissel CK, Farquhar CE, Pentelute BL. Secondary Amino Alcohols: Traceless Cleavable Linkers for Use in Affinity Capture and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Carly K. Schissel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Charlotte E. Farquhar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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6
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Pomplun S, Shugrue CR, Schmitt AM, Schissel CK, Farquhar CE, Pentelute BL. Secondary Amino Alcohols: Traceless Cleavable Linkers for Use in Affinity Capture and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11566-11572. [PMID: 32227406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Capture and release of peptides is often a critical operation in the pathway to discovering materials with novel functions. However, the best methods for efficient capture impede facile release. To overcome this challenge, we report linkers based on secondary amino alcohols for the release of peptides after capture. These amino alcohols are based on serine (seramox) or isoserine (isoseramox) and can be incorporated into peptides during solid-phase peptide synthesis through reductive amination. Both linkers are quantitatively cleaved within minutes under NaIO4 treatment. Cleavage of isoseramox produced a native peptide N-terminus. This linker also showed broad substrate compatibility; incorporation into a synthetic peptide library resulted in the identification of all sequences by nanoLC-MS/MS. The linkers are cell compatible; a cell-penetrating peptide that contained this linker was efficiently captured and identified after uptake into cells. These findings suggest that such secondary amino alcohol based linkers might be suitable tools for peptide-discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christopher R Shugrue
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adeline M Schmitt
- Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carly K Schissel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Charlotte E Farquhar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Mueller LK, Baumruck AC, Zhdanova H, Tietze AA. Challenges and Perspectives in Chemical Synthesis of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32195241 PMCID: PMC7064641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides the possibility to chemically synthesize peptides and proteins. Applying the method on hydrophilic structures is usually without major drawbacks but faces extreme complications when it comes to "difficult sequences." These includes the vitally important, ubiquitously present and structurally demanding membrane proteins and their functional parts, such as ion channels, G-protein receptors, and other pore-forming structures. Standard synthetic and ligation protocols are not enough for a successful synthesis of these challenging sequences. In this review we highlight, summarize and evaluate the possibilities for synthetic production of "difficult sequences" by SPPS, native chemical ligation (NCL) and follow-up protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Mueller
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Zhdanova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Roloff A, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Rühle B, Borcherding H, Thiele T, Schedler U, Resch-Genger U. Quantification of Aldehydes on Polymeric Microbead Surfaces via Catch and Release of Reporter Chromophores. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8827-8834. [PMID: 31188569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde moieties on 2D-supports or micro- and nanoparticles can function as anchor groups for the attachment of biomolecules or as reversible binding sites for proteins on cell surfaces. The use of aldehyde-based materials in bioanalytical and medical settings calls for reliable methods to detect and quantify this functionality. We report here on a versatile concept to quantify the accessible aldehyde moieties on particle surfaces through the specific binding and subsequent release of small reporter molecules such as fluorescent dyes and nonfluorescent chromophores utilizing acylhydrazone formation as a reversible covalent labeling strategy. This is representatively demonstrated for a set of polymer microparticles with different aldehyde labeling densities. Excess reporter molecules can be easily removed by washing, eliminating inaccuracies caused by unspecific adsorption to hydrophobic surfaces. Cleavage of hydrazones at acidic pH assisted by a carbonyl trap releases the fluorescent reporters rapidly and quasi-quantitatively and allows for their fluorometric detection at low concentration. Importantly, this strategy separates the signal-generating molecules from the bead surface. This circumvents common issues associated with light scattering and signal distortions that are caused by binding-induced changes in reporter fluorescence as well as quenching dye-dye interactions on crowded particle surfaces. In addition, we demonstrate that the release of a nonfluorescent chromophore via disulfide cleavage and subsequent quantification by absorption spectroscopy gives comparable results, verifying that both assays are capable of rapid and sensitive quantification of aldehydes on microbead surfaces. These strategies enable a quantitative comparison of bead batches with different functionalization densities, and a qualitative prediction of their coupling efficiencies in bioconjugations, as demonstrated in reductive amination reactions with Streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roloff
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thiele
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Straße 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Straße 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
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