1
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Giesler RJ, Spaltenstein P, Jacobsen MT, Xu W, Maqueda M, Kay MS. A glutamic acid-based traceless linker to address challenging chemical protein syntheses. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8821-8829. [PMID: 34585207 PMCID: PMC8604549 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) enables the total chemical synthesis of proteins. However, poor peptide segment solubility remains a frequently encountered challenge. Here we introduce a traceless linker that can be temporarily attached to Glu side chains to overcome this problem. This strategy employs a new tool, Fmoc-Glu(AlHx)-OH, which can be directly installed using standard Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. The incorporated residue, Glu(AlHx), is stable to a wide range of chemical protein synthesis conditions and is removed through palladium-catalyzed transfer under aqueous conditions. General handling characteristics, such as efficient incorporation, stability and rapid removal were demonstrated through a model peptide modified with Glu(AlHx) and a Lys6 solubilizing tag. Glu(AlHx) was incorporated into a highly insoluble peptide segment during the total synthesis of the bacteriocin AS-48. This challenging peptide was successfully synthesized and folded, and it has comparable antimicrobial activity to the native AS-48. We anticipate widespread use of this easy-to-use, robust linker for the preparation of challenging synthetic peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J Giesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA.
| | - Paul Spaltenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA.
| | - Michael T Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Weiliang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA.
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Michael S Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA.
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2
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Functional expression of an echinocandin B deacylase from Actinoplanes utahensis in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:850-857. [PMID: 34339787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Echinocandin B deacylase (ECBD) from Actinoplanes utahensis can be applied to produce echinocandin B nucleus (ECBN), an essential intermediate of the echinocandins antifungal drugs such as anidulafungin. To date, the expression of ECBD has been limited to Streptomyces. To achieve the active expression of ECBD in Escherichia coli (E. coli), we constructed a plasmid carrying two subunits of ECBD for T7 RNA polymerase driven transcription of dicistron messenger after codon optimization. Subsequently, the introduction of peptide tags in the recombinant ECBD was adopted to reduce the formation of inclusion bodies and enhance the ECBD solubility. The peptide tags with the opposite electrostatic charge, hexa-lysine (6K) and GEGEG (GE), exhibited the best positive effect, which was verified by activity assay and structural simulation. After that, optimization of culture conditions and characterization of ECBD were conducted, the optimal pH and temperature were 7.0 and 60 °C. It is the first report concerning the functional expression of ECBD in the host E. coli. Our results reported here can provide a reference for the high-level expression of other deacylases with respect to a possible industrial application.
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3
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Hojo H, Takei T, Asahina Y, Okumura N, Takao T, So M, Suetake I, Sato T, Kawamoto A, Hirabayashi Y. Total Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Caveolin‐1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Isao Suetake
- Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka 814-0198 Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba 279-0021 Japan
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4
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Hojo H, Takei T, Asahina Y, Okumura N, Takao T, So M, Suetake I, Sato T, Kawamoto A, Hirabayashi Y. Total Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Caveolin-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13900-13905. [PMID: 33825275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1, which is an essential protein for caveola formation, was chemically synthesized. It is composed of 177 amino acid residues, is triply palmitoylated at the C-terminal region, and is inserted into the lipid bilayer to form a V-shaped structure in the middle of the polypeptide chain. The entire sequence was divided into five peptide segments, each of which was synthesized by the solid-phase method. To improve the solubility of the C-terminal region, O-acyl isopeptide structures were incorporated. After ligation by the thioester method and the introduction of the palmitoyl groups, all the protecting groups were removed and the isopeptide structures were converted into the native peptide bond. Finally, the obtained polypeptide was successfully inserted into bicelles, thus showing the success of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Isao Suetake
- Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, 814-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
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5
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Sato K, Tanaka S, Wang J, Ishikawa K, Tsuda S, Narumi T, Yoshiya T, Mase N. Late-Stage Solubilization of Poorly Soluble Peptides Using Hydrazide Chemistry. Org Lett 2021; 23:1653-1658. [PMID: 33570416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel late-stage solubilization of peptides using hydrazides is described. A solubilizing tag was attached through a selective N-alkylation at a hydrazide moiety with the aid of a 2-picoline-borane complex in 50% acetic acid-hexafluoro-2-propanol. The tag, which tolerates ligation and desulfurization conditions, can be detached by a Cu-mediated selective oxidative hydrolysis of the N-alkyl hydrazide. This new method was validated through the synthesis of HIV-1 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Shoko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Junzhen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kenya Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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6
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Abboud SA, Cisse EH, Doudeau M, Bénédetti H, Aucagne V. A straightforward methodology to overcome solubility challenges for N-terminal cysteinyl peptide segments used in native chemical ligation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3194-3201. [PMID: 34164087 PMCID: PMC8179351 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main limitations encountered during the chemical synthesis of proteins through native chemical ligation (NCL) is the limited solubility of some of the peptide segments. The most commonly used solution to overcome this problem is to derivatize the segment with a temporary solubilizing tag. Conveniently, the tag can be introduced on the thioester segment in such a way that it is removed concomitantly with the NCL reaction. We herein describe a generalization of this approach to N-terminal cysteinyl segment counterparts, using a straightforward synthetic approach that can be easily automated from commercially available building blocks, and applied it to a well-known problematic target, SUMO-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skander A Abboud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - El Hadji Cisse
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Michel Doudeau
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
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7
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Tan Y, Wu H, Wei T, Li X. Chemical Protein Synthesis: Advances, Challenges, and Outlooks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20288-20298. [PMID: 33211477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary chemical protein synthesis has been dramatically advanced over the past few decades, which has enabled chemists to reach the landscape of synthetic biomacromolecules. Chemical synthesis can produce synthetic proteins with precisely controlled structures which are difficult or impossible to obtain via gene expression systems. Herein, we summarize the key enabling ligation technologies, major strategic developments, and some selected representative applications of synthetic proteins and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
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8
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9
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Mueller LK, Baumruck AC, Zhdanova H, Tietze AA. Challenges and Perspectives in Chemical Synthesis of Highly Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32195241 PMCID: PMC7064641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) provides the possibility to chemically synthesize peptides and proteins. Applying the method on hydrophilic structures is usually without major drawbacks but faces extreme complications when it comes to "difficult sequences." These includes the vitally important, ubiquitously present and structurally demanding membrane proteins and their functional parts, such as ion channels, G-protein receptors, and other pore-forming structures. Standard synthetic and ligation protocols are not enough for a successful synthesis of these challenging sequences. In this review we highlight, summarize and evaluate the possibilities for synthetic production of "difficult sequences" by SPPS, native chemical ligation (NCL) and follow-up protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Mueller
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Baumruck
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Zhdanova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Fulcher JM, Petersen ME, Giesler RJ, Cruz ZS, Eckert DM, Francis JN, Kawamoto EM, Jacobsen MT, Kay MS. Chemical synthesis of Shiga toxin subunit B using a next-generation traceless "helping hand" solubilizing tag. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10237-10244. [PMID: 31793605 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of solid-phase peptide synthesis and native chemical ligation in chemical protein synthesis (CPS) has enabled access to synthetic proteins that cannot be produced recombinantly, such as site-specific post-translationally modified or mirror-image proteins (D-proteins). However, CPS is commonly hampered by aggregation and insolubility of peptide segments and assembly intermediates. Installation of a solubilizing tag consisting of basic Lys or Arg amino acids can overcome these issues. Through the introduction of a traceless cleavable linker, the solubilizing tag can be selectively removed to generate native peptide. Here we describe the synthesis of a next-generation amine-reactive linker N-Fmoc-2-(7-amino-1-hydroxyheptylidene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (Fmoc-Ddap-OH) that can be used to selectively introduce semi-permanent solubilizing tags ("helping hands") onto Lys side chains of difficult peptides. This linker has improved stability compared to its predecessor, a property that can increase yields for multi-step syntheses with longer handling times. We also introduce a new linker cleavage protocol using hydroxylamine that greatly accelerates removal of the linker. The utility of this linker in CPS was demonstrated by the preparation of the synthetically challenging Shiga toxin subunit B (StxB) protein. This robust and easy-to-use linker is a valuable addition to the CPS toolbox for the production of challenging synthetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Mark E Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Riley J Giesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Zachary S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Debra M Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | | | - Michael T Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. and Navigen, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael S Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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11
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Zhang B, Deng Q, Zuo C, Yan B, Zuo C, Cao XX, Zhu TF, Zheng JS, Liu L. Ligation of Soluble but Unreactive Peptide Segments in the Chemical Synthesis of Haemophilus Influenzae DNA Ligase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12231-12237. [PMID: 31250514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the total chemical synthesis of the water-soluble globular Haemophilus Influenzae DNA ligase (Hin-Lig), we observed the surprising phenomenon of a soluble peptide segment that failed to undergo native chemical ligation. Based on dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, we determined that the peptide formed soluble colloidal particles in a homogeneous solution containing 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. Conventional peptide performance-improving strategies, such as installation of a terminal/side-chain Arg tag or O-acyl isopeptide, failed to enable the reaction, presumably because of their inability to disrupt the formation of soluble colloidal particles. However, a removable backbone modification strategy recently developed for the synthesis of membrane proteins did disrupt the formation of the colloids, and the desired ligation of this soluble but unreactive system was eventually accomplished. This work demonstrates that an appropriate solution dispersion state, in addition to good peptide solubility, is a prerequisite for successful peptide ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chong Zuo
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingjia Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Cao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ting F Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Zhang B, Deng Q, Zuo C, Yan B, Zuo C, Cao X, Zhu TF, Zheng J, Liu L. Ligation of Soluble but Unreactive Peptide Segments in the Chemical Synthesis of
Haemophilus Influenzae
DNA Ligase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Zhang
- Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chong Zuo
- Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bingjia Yan
- Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiu‐Xiu Cao
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China, and High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230026 China
| | - Ting F. Zhu
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ji‐Shen Zheng
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China, and High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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13
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Yoshiya T, Tsuda S, Masuda S. Development of Trityl Group Anchored Solubilizing Tags for Peptide and Protein Synthesis. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1906-1913. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc. 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi Ibaraki-Shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc. 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi Ibaraki-Shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Shun Masuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc. 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi Ibaraki-Shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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14
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Zhao DD, Fan XW, Hao H, Zhang HL, Guo Y. Temporary Solubilizing Tags Method for the Chemical Synthesis of Hydrophobic Proteins. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666181211121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic proteins, as one of the cellular protein classifications, play an essential function in maintaining the normal life cycle of living cells. Researches on the structure and function of hydrophobic proteins promote the exploration of the causes of major diseases, and development of new therapeutic agents for disease treatment. However, the poor water solubility of hydrophobic proteins creates problems for their preparation, separation, characterization and functional studies. The temporary solubilizing tags are considered a practical strategy to effectively solve the poor water solubility problem of hydrophobic proteins. This strategy can significantly improve the water solubility of hydrophobic peptides/proteins, making them like water-soluble peptides/proteins easy to be purified, characterized. More importantly, the temporary solubilizing tags can be removed after protein synthesis, so thus the structure and function of the hydrophobic proteins are not affected. At present, temporary solubilizing tags have been successfully used to prepare many important hydrophobic proteins such as membrane proteins, lipoproteins and chaperones. In this review, we summarize the recent researches and applications of temporary solubilizing tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - He Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
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16
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Hayashi G, Yanase M, Nakatsuka Y, Okamoto A. Simultaneous and Traceless Ligation of Peptide Fragments on DNA Scaffold. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1246-1253. [PMID: 30677290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide ligation is an indispensable step in the chemical synthesis of target peptides and proteins that are difficult to synthesize at once by a solid-phase synthesis. The ligation reaction is generally conducted with two peptide fragments at a high aqueous concentration to increase the reaction rate; however, this often causes unpredictable aggregation and precipitation of starting or resulting peptides due to their hydrophobicities. Here, we have developed a novel peptide ligation strategy harnessing the two intrinsic characteristics of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), i.e., their hydrophilicity and hybridization ability, which allowed increases in the water solubility of peptides and the reaction kinetics due to the proximity effect, respectively. Peptide-ODN conjugates that can be cleaved to regenerate native peptide sequences were synthesized using novel lysine derivatives containing conjugation handles and photolabile linkers, via solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent conjugation to 15-mer ODNs. Two complementary conjugates were applied to carbodiimide-mediated peptide ligation on a DNA scaffold, and the subsequent DNA removal was conducted by photoirradiation in a traceless fashion. This DNA scaffold-assisted ligation resulted in a significant acceleration of the reaction kinetics and enabled ligation of a hydrophobic peptide at a micromolar concentration. On the basis of this chemistry, a simultaneous ligation of three different peptide fragments on two different DNA scaffolds has been conducted for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Masafumi Yanase
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yu Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
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17
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Paraskevopoulou V, Falcone FH. Polyionic Tags as Enhancers of Protein Solubility in Recombinant Protein Expression. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020047. [PMID: 29882886 PMCID: PMC6027335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of recombinant protein expression in the second half of the 1970s, the growth of the biopharmaceutical field has been rapid and protein therapeutics has come to the foreground. Biophysical and structural characterisation of recombinant proteins is the essential prerequisite for their successful development and commercialisation as therapeutics. Despite the challenges, including low protein solubility and inclusion body formation, prokaryotic host systems and particularly Escherichia coli, remain the system of choice for the initial attempt of production of previously unexpressed proteins. Several different approaches have been adopted, including optimisation of growth conditions, expression in the periplasmic space of the bacterial host or co-expression of molecular chaperones, to assist correct protein folding. A very commonly employed approach is also the use of protein fusion tags that enhance protein solubility. Here, a range of experimentally tested peptide tags, which present specific advantages compared to protein fusion tags and the concluding remarks of these experiments are reviewed. Finally, a concept to design solubility-enhancing peptide tags based on a protein’s pI is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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18
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Brailsford JA, Stockdill JL, Axelrod AJ, Peterson MT, Vadola PA, Johnston EV, Danishefsky SJ. Total Chemical Synthesis of Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (hTSH) β-Subunit: Application of Arginine-tagged Acetamidomethyl (Acm R) Protecting Groups. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:1951-1956. [PMID: 30853725 PMCID: PMC6402344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) has been synthesized as a single glycoform bearing a chitobiose disaccharide at the native glycosylation site. Key to the successful completion of this synthesis was the introduction of an arginine-tagged acetamidomethyl group, which served to greatly facilitate handling of a glycopeptide fragment with poor aqueous solubility. This general solution to the challenge of working with intractable peptides is expected to find wide use in protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Brailsford
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer L Stockdill
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Abram J Axelrod
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael T Peterson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Paul A Vadola
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric V Johnston
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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19
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Tsuda S, Mochizuki M, Ishiba H, Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K, Nishio H, Oishi S, Yoshiya T. Easy-to-Attach/Detach Solubilizing-Tag-Aided Chemical Synthesis of an Aggregative Capsid Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2105-2109. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ishiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshizawa-Kumagaye
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hideki Nishio
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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20
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Tsuda S, Mochizuki M, Ishiba H, Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K, Nishio H, Oishi S, Yoshiya T. Easy-to-Attach/Detach Solubilizing-Tag-Aided Chemical Synthesis of an Aggregative Capsid Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ishiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshizawa-Kumagaye
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hideki Nishio
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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21
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Baumruck AC, Tietze D, Steinacker LK, Tietze AA. Chemical synthesis of membrane proteins: a model study on the influenza virus B proton channel. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2365-2375. [PMID: 29719709 PMCID: PMC5897842 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NCL results in the quantitative yield of a membrane protein, where a thioester peptide is formed from an oxo-ester with an in situ cleavable solubilizing tag.
In the present study we have developed and optimized a robust strategy for the synthesis of highly hydrophobic peptides, especially membrane proteins, exemplarily using the influenza B M2 proton channel (BM2(1–51)). This strategy is based on the native chemical ligation of two fragments, where the thioester fragment is formed from an oxo-ester peptide, which is synthesized using Fmoc-SPPS, and features an in situ cleavable solubilizing tag (ADO, ADO2 or ADO-Lys5). The nearly quantitative production of the ligation product was followed by an optimized work up protocol, resulting in almost quantitative desulfurization and Acm-group cleavage. Circular dichroism analysis in a POPC lipid membrane revealed that the synthetic BM2(1–51) construct adopts a helical structure similar to that of the previously characterized BM2(1–33).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Baumruck
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - D Tietze
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - L K Steinacker
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - A A Tietze
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
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22
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Chemical synthesis of membrane proteins by the removable backbone modification method. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2554-2569. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Jacobsen MT, Erickson PW, Kay MS. Aligator: A computational tool for optimizing total chemical synthesis of large proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4946-4952. [PMID: 28651912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The scope of chemical protein synthesis (CPS) continues to expand, driven primarily by advances in chemical ligation tools (e.g., reversible solubilizing groups and novel ligation chemistries). However, the design of an optimal synthesis route can be an arduous and fickle task due to the large number of theoretically possible, and in many cases problematic, synthetic strategies. In this perspective, we highlight recent CPS tool advances and then introduce a new and easy-to-use program, Aligator (Automated Ligator), for analyzing and designing the most efficient strategies for constructing large targets using CPS. As a model set, we selected the E. coli ribosomal proteins and associated factors for computational analysis. Aligator systematically scores and ranks all feasible synthetic strategies for a particular CPS target. The Aligator script methodically evaluates potential peptide segments for a target using a scoring function that includes solubility, ligation site quality, segment lengths, and number of ligations to provide a ranked list of potential synthetic strategies. We demonstrate the utility of Aligator by analyzing three recent CPS projects from our lab: TNFα (157 aa), GroES (97 aa), and DapA (312 aa). As the limits of CPS are extended, we expect that computational tools will play an increasingly important role in the efficient execution of ambitious CPS projects such as production of a mirror-image ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, United States
| | - Patrick W Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, United States
| | - Michael S Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, United States.
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24
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Li JB, Tang S, Zheng JS, Tian CL, Liu L. Removable Backbone Modification Method for the Chemical Synthesis of Membrane Proteins. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1143-1153. [PMID: 28374993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis can produce water-soluble globular proteins bearing specifically designed modifications. These synthetic molecules have been used to study the biological functions of proteins and to improve the pharmacological properties of protein drugs. However, the above advances notwithstanding, membrane proteins (MPs), which comprise 20-30% of all proteins in the proteomes of most eukaryotic cells, remain elusive with regard to chemical synthesis. This difficulty stems from the strong hydrophobic character of MPs, which can cause considerable handling issues during ligation, purification, and characterization steps. Considerable efforts have been made to improve the solubility of transmembrane peptides for chemical ligation. These methods can be classified into two main categories: the manipulation of external factors and chemical modification of the peptide. This Account summarizes our research advances in the development of chemical modification especially the two generations of removable backbone modification (RBM) strategy for the chemical synthesis of MPs. In the first RBM generation, we install a removable modification group at the backbone amide of Gly within the transmembrane peptides. In the second RBM generation, the RBM group can be installed into all primary amino acid residues. The second RBM strategy combines the activated intramolecular O-to-N acyl transfer reaction, in which a phenyl group remains unprotected during the coupling process, which can play a catalytic role to generate the activated phenyl ester to assist in the formation of amide. The key feature of the RBM group is its switchable stability in trifluoroacetic acid. The stability of these backbone amide N-modifications toward TFA can be modified by regulating the electronic effects of phenol groups. The free phenol group is acylated to survive the TFA deprotection step, while the acyl phenyl ester will be quantitatively hydrolyzed in a neutral aqueous solution, and the free phenol group increases the electron density of the benzene ring to make the RBM labile to TFA. The transmembrane peptide segment bearing RBM groups behaves like a water-soluble peptide during fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl based solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc SPPS), ligation, purification, and characterization. The quantitative removal of the RBM group can be performed to obtain full-length MPs. The RBM strategy was used to prepare the core transmembrane domain Kir5.1[64-179] not readily accessible by recombinant protein expression, the influenza A virus M2 proton channel with phosphorylation, the cation-specific ion channel p7 from the hepatitis C virus with site-specific NMR isotope labels, and so on. The RBM method enables the practical engineering of small- to medium-sized MPs or membrane protein domains to address fundamental questions in the biochemical, biophysical, and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Recent advances in the preparation of Fmoc-SPPS-based peptide thioester and its surrogates for NCL-type reactions. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Jacobsen MT, Petersen ME, Ye X, Galibert M, Lorimer GH, Aucagne V, Kay MS. A Helping Hand to Overcome Solubility Challenges in Chemical Protein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11775-82. [PMID: 27532670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although native chemical ligation (NCL) and related chemoselective ligation approaches provide an elegant method to stitch together unprotected peptides, the handling and purification of insoluble and aggregation-prone peptides and assembly intermediates create a bottleneck to routinely preparing large proteins by completely synthetic means. In this work, we introduce a new general tool, Fmoc-Ddae-OH, N-Fmoc-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclo-hexylidene)-3-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]-propan-1-ol, a heterobifunctional traceless linker for temporarily attaching highly solubilizing peptide sequences ("helping hands") onto insoluble peptides. This tool is implemented in three simple and nearly quantitative steps: (i) on-resin incorporation of the linker at a Lys residue ε-amine, (ii) Fmoc-SPPS elongation of a desired solubilizing sequence, and (iii) in-solution removal of the solubilizing sequence using mild aqueous hydrazine to cleave the Ddae linker after NCL-based assembly. Successful introduction and removal of a Lys6 helping hand is first demonstrated in two model systems (Ebola virus C20 peptide and the 70-residue ribosomal protein L31). It is then applied to the challenging chemical synthesis of the 97-residue co-chaperonin GroES, which contains a highly insoluble C-terminal segment that is rescued by a helping hand. Importantly, the Ddae linker can be cleaved in one pot following NCL or desulfurization. The purity, structure, and chaperone activity of synthetic l-GroES were validated with respect to a recombinant control. Additionally, the helping hand enabled synthesis of d-GroES, which was inactive in a heterochiral mixture with recombinant GroEL, providing additional insight into chaperone specificity. Ultimately, this simple, robust, and easy-to-use tool is expected to be broadly applicable for the synthesis of challenging peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine , 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, United States
| | - Mark E Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine , 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, United States
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 8051 Regents Drive, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-4454, United States
| | - Mathieu Galibert
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 , Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2 45071, France
| | - George H Lorimer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 8051 Regents Drive, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-4454, United States
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 , Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2 45071, France
| | - Michael S Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine , 15 North Medical Drive East, Room 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, United States
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27
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Chemuru S, Kodali R, Wetzel R. Improved chemical synthesis of hydrophobic Aβ peptides using addition of C-terminal lysines later removed by carboxypeptidase B. Biopolymers 2016; 102:206-21. [PMID: 24488729 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many amyloidogenic peptides are highly hydrophobic, introducing significant challenges to obtaining high quality peptides by chemical synthesis. For example, while good yield and purity can be obtained in the solid-phase synthesis of the Alzheimer's plaque peptide Aβ40, addition of a C-terminal Ile-Ala sequence to generate the more toxic Aβ42 molecule creates a much more difficult synthesis resulting in low yields and purities. We describe here a new method that significantly improves the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of Aβ peptides. In our method, Lys residues are linked to the desired peptide's C-terminus through standard peptide bonds during the synthesis. These Lys residues are then removed post-purification using immobilized carboxypeptidase B (CPB). With this method we obtained both Aβ42 and Aβ46 of superior quality that, for Aβ42, rivals that obtained by recombinant expression. Intriguingly, the method appears to provide independent beneficial effects on both the total synthetic yield and on purification yield and final purity. Reversible Lys addition with CPB removal should be a generally useful method for making hydrophobic peptides that is applicable to any sequence not ending in Arg or Lys. As expected from the additional hydrophobicity of Aβ46, which is extended from the sequence Aβ42 by a C-terminal Thr-Val-Ile-Val sequence, this peptide makes typical amyloid at rates significantly faster than for Aβ42 or Aβ40. The enhanced amyloidogenicity of Aβ46 suggests that, even though it is present in relatively low amounts in the human brain, it could play a significant role in helping to initiate Aβ amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Chemuru
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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28
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Zheng JS, He Y, Zuo C, Cai XY, Tang S, Wang ZA, Zhang LH, Tian CL, Liu L. Robust Chemical Synthesis of Membrane Proteins through a General Method of Removable Backbone Modification. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3553-61. [PMID: 26943264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical protein synthesis can provide access to proteins with post-translational modifications or site-specific labelings. Although this technology is finding increasing applications in the studies of water-soluble globular proteins, chemical synthesis of membrane proteins remains elusive. In this report, a general and robust removable backbone modification (RBM) method is developed for the chemical synthesis of membrane proteins. This method uses an activated O-to-N acyl transfer auxiliary to install in the Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis process a RBM group with switchable reactivity toward trifluoroacetic acid. The method can be applied to versatile membrane proteins because the RBM group can be placed at any primary amino acid. With RBM, the membrane proteins and their segments behave almost as if they were water-soluble peptides and can be easily handled in the process of ligation, purification, and mass characterizations. After the full-length protein is assembled, the RBM group can be readily removed by trifluoroacetic acid. The efficiency and usefulness of the new method has been demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a two-transmembrane-domain protein (HCV p7 ion channel) with site-specific isotopic labeling and a four-transmembrane-domain protein (multidrug resistance transporter EmrE). This method enables practical synthesis of small- to medium-sized membrane proteins or membrane protein domains for biochemical and biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yao He
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Cai
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhipeng A Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long-Hua Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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29
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Hojo H. A strategy for the synthesis of hydrophobic proteins and glycoproteins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6368-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic glycoprotein was successfully synthesized by the reverse polarity protection strategy combined with the O-acylisopeptide method, which will be useful for the synthesis of various hydrophobic (glyco)proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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30
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Wang JX, Fang GM, He Y, Qu DL, Yu M, Hong ZY, Liu L. Peptideo-Aminoanilides as Crypto-Thioesters for Protein Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Wang JX, Fang GM, He Y, Qu DL, Yu M, Hong ZY, Liu L. Peptideo-Aminoanilides as Crypto-Thioesters for Protein Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2194-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Zuo C, Tang S, Zheng JS. Chemical synthesis and biophysical applications of membrane proteins. J Pept Sci 2014; 21:540-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 China
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei 230031 China
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Tamagaki H, Furukawa Y, Yamaguchi R, Hojo H, Aimoto S, Smith SO, Sato T. Coupling of transmembrane helix orientation to membrane release of the juxtamembrane region in FGFR3. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5000-7. [PMID: 25010350 PMCID: PMC4144707 DOI: 10.1021/bi500327q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the protein tyrosine kinase receptors requires the coupling of ligand binding to a change in both the proximity and orientation of the single transmembrane (TM) helices of receptor monomers to allow transphosphorylation of the receptor kinase domain. We make use of peptides corresponding to the TM and juxtamembrane (JM) regions of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 to assess how mutations in the TM region (G380R and A391E), which lead to receptor activation, influence the orientation of the TM domain and interactions of the intracellular JM sequence with the membrane surface. On the basis of fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we find that both activating mutations change the TM helix tilt angle relative to the membrane normal and release the JM region from the membrane. These results suggest a general mechanism regarding how the TM-JM region functionally bridges the extracellular and intracellular regions for these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tamagaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yeung H, Harris PWR, Squire CJ, Baker EN, Brimble MA. Preparation of truncated orf virus entry fusion complex proteins by chemical synthesis. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:398-405. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 3A Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 3A Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 3A Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 3A Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; 3A Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; 23 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
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Zheng JS, Yu M, Qi YK, Tang S, Shen F, Wang ZP, Xiao L, Zhang L, Tian CL, Liu L. Expedient total synthesis of small to medium-sized membrane proteins via Fmoc chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3695-704. [PMID: 24559202 DOI: 10.1021/ja500222u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Total chemical synthesis provides a unique approach for the access to uncontaminated, monodisperse, and more importantly, post-translationally modified membrane proteins. In the present study we report a practical procedure for expedient and cost-effective synthesis of small to medium-sized membrane proteins in multimilligram scale through the use of automated Fmoc chemistry. The key finding of our study is that after the attachment of a removable arginine-tagged backbone modification group, the membrane protein segments behave almost the same as ordinary water-soluble peptides in terms of Fmoc solid-phase synthesis, ligation, purification, and mass spectrometry characterization. The efficiency and practicality of the new method is demonstrated by the successful preparation of Ser64-phosphorylated M2 proton channel from influenza A virus and the membrane-embedded domain of an inward rectifier K(+) channel protein Kir5.1. Functional characterizations of these chemically synthesized membrane proteins indicate that they provide useful and otherwise-difficult-to-access materials for biochemistry and biophysics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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36
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Kawashima H, Kuruma T, Yamashita M, Sohma Y, Akaji K. Synthesis of an O-acyl isopeptide by using native chemical ligation in an aqueous solvent system. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:361-5. [PMID: 24596115 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
O-Acyl isopeptides, in which the N-acyl linkage on the hydroxyamino acid residue (e.g. Ser and Thr) is replaced by an O-acyl linkage, generally suppress unfavorable aggregation properties derived from the corresponding parent peptides. Here, we report the synthesis of an O-acyl isopeptide of 34-mer pyroGlu-ADan (2), a component of amyloid deposits in hereditary familial Danish dementia, by using native chemical ligation. Native chemical ligation of pyroGlu(1) -ADan(1-21)-SCH2 CH2 SO3 (-) Na(+) (3) and Cys(22) -O-acyl isopeptide (4), in which the amino group of the Ser(29) residue at the isopeptide moiety was protected by an allyloxycarbonyl group, proceeded well in an aqueous solvent to yield a ligated O-acyl isopeptide (5). Subsequent disulfide bond formation and deprotection of the allyloxycarbonyl group followed by HPLC purification gave 2 with a reasonable overall yield. 2 was converted to the parent peptide 1 via an O-to-N acyl migration reaction. The sequential method, namely (i) native chemical ligation of the O-acyl isopeptide, (ii) HPLC purification as the O-acyl isopeptide form, and (iii) O-to-N acyl migration into the desired polypeptide, would be helpful to solve problems with HPLC purification of hydrophobic polypeptides in the process of chemical protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-412, Japan
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Paradís-Bas M, Albert-Soriano M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Linear versus branched poly-lysine/arginine as polarity enhancer tags. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7194-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of Lys- and Arg-containing peptides as solubilizing tags were studied to evaluate their influence on polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paradís-Bas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Zeng C, Tan Z. New Methods for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 363:155-92. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Huang YC, Li YM, Chen Y, Pan M, Li YT, Yu L, Guo QX, Liu L. Synthesis of Autophagosomal Marker Protein LC3-II under Detergent-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Huang YC, Li YM, Chen Y, Pan M, Li YT, Yu L, Guo QX, Liu L. Synthesis of Autophagosomal Marker Protein LC3-II under Detergent-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4858-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dittmann M, Sadek M, Seidel R, Engelhard M. Native chemical ligation in dimethylformamide can be performed chemoselectively without racemization. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:312-6. [PMID: 22431434 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation of unprotected peptides in organic solvents has been previously reported as a fast, efficient, and suitable method for coupling of hydrophobic peptides. However, it has not been determined whether the reaction can be carried out without possible side reactions or racemization. Here, we present a study on the chemoselectivity of this method by model reactions designed to test the reactivity of Arg and Lys side chains as well as that of α-amino groups. A possible racemization of the C-terminal amino acid of the N-terminal peptide was also investigated. The results show that ligation in organic solvents can be conducted chemoselectively without side reactions with other nucleophilic groups. Furthermore, no racemization of the C-terminal amino acid was observed if both educts were added simultaneously. Thus, native chemical ligation can be performed either in aqueous buffer systems or in organic solvents paving the way for the synthesis of larger hydrophobic peptides and/or membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dittmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto Hahn Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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42
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Monbaliu JCM, Katritzky AR. Recent trends in Cys- and Ser/Thr-based synthetic strategies for the elaboration of peptide constructs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11601-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Sohma Y, Kitamura H, Kawashima H, Hojo H, Yamashita M, Akaji K, Kiso Y. Synthesis of an O-acyl isopeptide by using native chemical ligation to efficiently construct a hydrophobic polypeptide. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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44
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Shen F, Huang YC, Tang S, Chen YX, Liu L. Chemical Synthesis of Integral Membrane Proteins: Methods and Applications. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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45
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Wang C, Guo Q, Fu Y. Theoretical Analysis of the Detailed Mechanism of Native Chemical Ligation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Qing‐Xiang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
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46
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Synthesis of the sphingolipid activator protein, saposin C, using an azido-protected O-acyl isopeptide as an aggregation-disrupting element. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Focke PJ, Valiyaveetil FI. Studies of ion channels using expressed protein ligation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:797-802. [PMID: 20965773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expressed protein ligation (EPL) is a semisynthetic technique for the chemoselective ligation of a synthetic peptide to a recombinant peptide that results in a native peptide bond at the ligation site. EPL therefore allows us to engineer proteins with chemically defined, site-specific modifications. While EPL has been used mainly in investigations of soluble proteins, in recent years it has been increasingly used in investigations of integral membrane proteins. These include studies on the KcsA K(+) channel, the non-selective cation channel NaK, and the porin OmpF. These studies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Focke
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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48
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Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Toward the total chemical synthesis of the cancer protein NY-ESO-1. Biopolymers 2010; 94:542-50. [PMID: 20593475 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During the course of developing a synthetic route for the cancer protein NY-ESO-1 using native chemical ligation, a number of the required thioester polypeptide fragments were unable to be synthesized effectively using Boc solid phase peptide synthesis. Modification of the SPPS protocols to include an arginine tag at the C terminus linked via the thioester resulted in a better purity profile and enhanced solubility, facilitating purification by HPLC. During preparation of another reactive partner for ligation that contained an internal Cys(Acm) residue by Fmoc SPPS, extensive loss of the Acm group occurred during cleavage from the resin while substitution with Cys(tBu) resulted in no loss of protecting group. It was shown that native chemical ligation of N-terminal cysteine peptide 155-180 containing the Cys(tBu) residue with thioester 140-154 was slow, incomplete and led to extensive HPLC column fouling. Subsequent incorporation of a C-terminal arginine tag into the N-terminal NY-ESO-1 155-180 fragment joined by a base labile 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid (HMBA) linker facilitated rapid quantitative ligation. The HMBA linker was demonstrated to be stable to the conditions required for native chemical ligation, subsequent transformations and final purification. Importantly it was effectively removed at pH=10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W R Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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49
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Dittmann M, Sauermann J, Seidel R, Zimmermann W, Engelhard M. Native chemical ligation of hydrophobic peptides in organic solvents. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:558-62. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Linn KM, Derebe MG, Jiang Y, Valiyaveetil FI. Semisynthesis of NaK, a Na(+) and K(+) conducting ion channel. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4450-6. [PMID: 20415433 DOI: 10.1021/bi100413z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we describe the semisynthesis of NaK, a bacterial nonselective cation channel. In the semisynthesis, the NaK polypeptide is assembled from a recombinantly expressed thioester peptide and a chemically synthesized peptide using the native chemical ligation reaction. We describe a temporary tagging strategy for the purification of the hydrophobic synthetic peptide and demonstrate the efficient ligation of the synthetic peptide with the recombinant peptide thioester to form the semisynthetic NaK polypeptide. Following assembly, the NaK polypeptide is folded in vitro to the native state using lipid vesicles. Functional characterization of the folded semisynthetic NaK channels indicates that it is functionally similar to the wild-type protein. We used semisynthesis to substitute aspartate 66 in the selectivity filter region of the NaK channel with the unnatural amino acids homoserine and cysteine sulfonic acid. Functional analysis of these mutants suggests that the presence of a negatively charged residue in the vicinity of the ion binding sites is necessary for optimal flux of ions through the NaK channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Linn
- The Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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