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Polańska O, Szulc N, Stottko R, Olek M, Nadwodna J, Gąsior-Głogowska M, Szefczyk M. Challenges in Peptide Solubilization - Amyloids Case Study. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400053. [PMID: 39023378 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptide science has been a rapidly growing research field because of the enormous potential application of these biocompatible and bioactive molecules. However, many factors limit the widespread use of peptides in medicine, and low solubility is among the most common problems that hamper drug development in the early stages of research. Solubility is a crucial, albeit poorly understood, feature that determines peptide behavior. Several different solubility predictors have been proposed, and many strategies and protocols have been reported to dissolve peptides, but none of them is a one-size-fits-all method for solubilization of even the same peptide. In this review, we look for the reasons behind the difficulties in dissolving peptides, analyze the factors influencing peptide aggregation, conduct a critical analysis of solubilization strategies and protocols available in the literature, and give some tips on how to deal with the so-called difficult sequences. We focus on amyloids, which are particularly difficult to dissolve and handle such as amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Polańska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Stottko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Gdanska 7/9, 50-344, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Julita Nadwodna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Szefczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Umeda H, Suda K, Yokogawa D, Azumaya Y, Kitada N, Maki SA, Kawashima SA, Mitsunuma H, Yamanashi Y, Kanai M. Unimolecular Chemiexcited Oxygenation of Pathogenic Amyloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405605. [PMID: 38757875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic protein aggregates, called amyloids, are etiologically relevant to various diseases, including neurodegenerative Alzheimer disease. Catalytic photooxygenation of amyloids, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), reduces their toxicity; however, the requirement for light irradiation may limit its utility in large animals, including humans, due to the low tissue permeability of light. Here, we report that Cypridina luciferin analogs, dmCLA-Cl and dmCLA-Br, promoted selective oxygenation of amyloids through chemiexcitation without external light irradiation. Further structural optimization of dmCLA-Cl led to the identification of a derivative with a polar carboxylate functional group and low cellular toxicity: dmCLA-Cl-acid. dmCLA-Cl-acid promoted oxygenation of Aβ amyloid and reduced its cellular toxicity without photoirradiation. The chemiexcited oxygenation developed in this study may be an effective approach to neutralizing the toxicity of amyloids, which can accumulate deep inside the body, and treating amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Umeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kayo Suda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuto Azumaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kitada
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shojiro A Maki
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Pagano K, De Rosa L, Tomaselli S, Molinari H, D'Andrea LD, Ragona L. Characterizing the Oligomers Distribution along the Aggregation Pathway of Amyloid Aβ1-40 by NMR. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400594. [PMID: 38712990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the early aggregation process of the Aβ1-40 amyloid peptide, elucidating the associated oligomers distribution. Motivated by the acknowledged role of small oligomers in the neurotoxic damage linked to Alzheimer's disease, we present an experimental protocol for preparing 26-O-acyl isoAβ1-40, a modified Aβ1-40 peptide facilitating rapid isomerization to the native amide form at neutral pH. This ensures seed-free solutions, minimizing experimental variability. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficacy of coupling NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) with the Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT) reconstruction method, for effective characterization of early aggregation processes. This innovative approach efficiently maps oligomers distributions across a wide spectrum of initial peptide concentrations offering unique insights into the evolution of oligomers relative populations. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach assessing the impact of Epigallocathechin gallate, a known remodeling agent of amyloid fibrils, on the oligomeric distributions of aggregated Aβ1-40. The DOSY-ILT proposed approach stands as a robust and discriminating asset, providing a powerful strategy for rapidly gaining insight into potential inhibitors' impact on the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Pagano
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" CNR, via Alfonso Corti, 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Tomaselli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" CNR, via Alfonso Corti, 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" CNR, via Alfonso Corti, 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Domenico D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" CNR, Via Mario Bianco, 9, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" CNR, via Alfonso Corti, 12, Milano, Italy
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4
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Mahboob A, Senevirathne DKL, Paul P, Nabi F, Khan RH, Chaari A. An investigation into the potential action of polyphenols against human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide aggregation in type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:318-350. [PMID: 36400215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, results in significant disease burden and financial costs globally. Whilst the majority of T2D cases seem to have a genetic basis, non-genetic modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for T2D include obesity, diet, physical activity and lifestyle, smoking, age, ethnicity, and mental stress. In healthy individuals, insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is responsible for keeping blood glucose levels within normal ranges. T2D patients suffer from multifactorial onset of β-cell dysfunction and/or loss of β-cell mass owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Most predominantly however, and the focus of this review, it is the aggregation and misfolding of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin), which is detrimental to β-cell function and health. Whilst hIAPP is found in healthy individuals, its misfolded version is cytotoxic and able to induce β-cell dysfunction and/or death through various mechanisms including membrane changes in β-cell causing influx of calcium ions, arresting complete granule membrane recovery and ER stress. There are several existing therapeutics for T2D. However, there is a need for alternative or adjunct therapies for T2D with milder adverse effects and greater availability. Foremost among the potential natural therapeutics are polyphenols. Extensive data from studies evaluating the potential of polyphenols to inhibit hIAPP aggregation and disassemble aggregated hIAPP are promising. Moreover, in-vivo, and in-silico studies also highlight the potential effects of polyphenols against hIAPP aggregation and mitigation of larger pathological effects of T2D. Whilst there have been some promising clinical studies on the therapeutic potential of polyphenols, extensive further clinical studies and in-vitro studies evaluating the mechanisms of action and ideal doses for many of these compounds are required. The need for these studies is made more important by the postulated link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and T2D pathophysiology given the similar aggregation process of their respective amyloid proteins, which evokes thoughts of cross-reactive polyphenols which can be effective for both AD and T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Winkler DFH. Automated Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2103:59-94. [PMID: 31879919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of solid-phase peptide synthesis by Bruce Merrifield paved the way for a synthesis carried out by machines. Automated peptide synthesis is a fast and convenient way of synthesizing many peptides simultaneously. This chapter tries to give a general guidance for the development of synthesis protocols for the peptide synthesizer. It also provides some suggestions for the modification of the synthesized peptides. Additionally, many examples of possible challenges during and after the synthesis are given in order to support the reader in finding the best synthesis strategy. Numerous references are given to many of the described matters.
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6
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Datki Z, Galik-Olah Z, Janosi-Mozes E, Szegedi V, Kalman J, Hunya ÁG, Fulop L, Tamano H, Takeda A, Adlard PA, Bush AI. Alzheimer risk factors age and female sex induce cortical Aβ aggregation by raising extracellular zinc. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2728-2741. [PMID: 32518388 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging and female sex are the major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and its associated brain amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathology, but the mechanisms mediating these risk factors remain uncertain. Evidence indicates that Aβ aggregation by Zn2+ released from glutamatergic neurons contributes to amyloid neuropathology, so we tested whether aging and sex adversely influences this neurophysiology. Using acute hippocampal slices, we found that extracellular Zn2+-elevation induced by high K+ stimulation was significantly greater with older (65 weeks vs 10 weeks old) rats, and was exaggerated in females. This was driven by slower reuptake of extracellular Zn2+, which could be recapitulated by mitochondrial intoxication. Zn2+:Aβ aggregates were toxic to the slices, but Aβ alone was not. Accordingly, high K+ caused synthetic human Aβ added to the slices to form soluble oligomers as detected by bis-ANS, attaching to neurons and inducing toxicity, with older slices being more vulnerable. Age-dependent energy failure impairing Zn2+ reuptake, and a higher maximal capacity for Zn2+ release by females, could contribute to age and sex being major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Zita Galik-Olah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | | | - Viktor Szegedi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Janos Kalman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Ákos Gábor Hunya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Livia Fulop
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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7
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Lobo-Ruiz A, Tulla-Puche J. General Fmoc-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Complex Depsipeptides Circumventing Problematic Fmoc Removal. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Lobo-Ruiz
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry - Organic Chemistry Section; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry - Organic Chemistry Section; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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8
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Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. An Isodipeptide Building Block for Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Synthesis of Difficult Sequence-Containing Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2103:139-150. [PMID: 31879923 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave technology, in conjunction with the isopeptide strategy including Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), was used to establish a methodology for time-efficient synthesis of peptides containing difficult sequences. A model difficult sequence-containing peptide (8QSer) was synthesized through this method in 1 day, representing a tenfold reduction in synthesis time compared to the isopeptide method combined with classical SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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9
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Mailig M, Liu F. The Application of Isoacyl Structural Motifs in Prodrug Design and Peptide Chemistry. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2017-2031. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melrose Mailig
- Discovery ChemistryNovo Nordisk Research Center Seattle 530 Fairview Ave N Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Discovery ChemistryNovo Nordisk Research Center Seattle 530 Fairview Ave N Seattle WA 98109 USA
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10
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Kasim JK, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Three Decades of Amyloid Beta Synthesis: Challenges and Advances. Front Chem 2019; 7:472. [PMID: 31334219 PMCID: PMC6614915 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the pathological amyloid beta (Aβ) isoform Aβ1−42 into senile plaques is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical significance of this phenomenon therefore necessitates the need for ready access to Aβ1−42 for research purposes. Chemical synthesis of the peptide, however, is technically difficult to perform given its propensity to aggregate both on resin during solid phase peptide synthesis and in solution during characterization. This review presents a chronological summary of key publications in the field of Aβ1−42 synthesis, dating back from its maiden synthesis by Burdick et al. Challenges associated with the preparation of Aβ1−42 were identified, and the solutions designed over the course of time critically discussed herein. Ultimately, the intention of this review is to provide readers with an insight into the progress that has been made in the last three decades, and how this has advanced broader research in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanes K Kasim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Yang RS, Wang X, Tang W, Celly C, Sheng H. Mechanistic insight into the oxazoline decomposition of DFC-M, a synthetic intermediate of florfenicol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:235-241. [PMID: 31181485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
2-(dichloromethyl)-5[4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl]-4-(fluoromethyl)-oxazoline (DFC-M, 1) is a key oxazoline-containing intermediate in commercial process for the synthesis of Florfenicol (3), a marketed broad spectrum veterinary antibiotic. DFC-M was not stable in solution due to the presence of oxazoline moiety, which provided further hindrance for analytical sample preparation and HPLC analysis. Hence, the mechanistic study on the in-solution degradation of DFC-M was carried out via online and offline UPLC-HR-ESI-MS as well as in-situ NMR, and the degradation pathways were proposed. This mechanistic information, together with the follow-up solution stability study, provided crucial information regarding the solution handling and mobile phase selection for DFC-M analysis during commercial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Sheng Yang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Weijuan Tang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Chander Celly
- Global Pharmaceutical Development, Merck Animal Health, Merck & Co. Inc., Madison, NJ, 07940, United States
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
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12
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Kasim JK, Kavianinia I, Ng J, Harris PWR, Birch NP, Brimble MA. Efficient synthesis and characterisation of the amyloid beta peptide, Aβ 1-42, using a double linker system. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:30-34. [PMID: 30500032 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide was efficiently prepared using a double linker system, markedly improving solubility and chromatographic peak resolution, thus enabling full characterisation using standard techniques. The tag was readily cleaved with sodium hydroxide and removed by aqueous extraction, affording Aβ42 in high purity and yield for biophysical characterisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanes K Kasim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Jin Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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13
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Yamamoto M, Shinoda K, Sasaki D, Kanai M, Sohma Y. Design and properties of [Met35(O)]Aβ42-lactam(Asp23/Lys28) possessing a lactam tether as a salt-bridge surrogate. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:888-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Zaykov AN, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. High-Yield Synthesis of Human Insulin-Like Peptide 5 Employing a Nonconventional Strategy. Org Lett 2018; 20:3695-3699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Zaykov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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15
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Characterization and optimization of two-chain folding pathways of insulin via native chain assembly. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Abstract
The facile rearrangement of "S-acyl isopeptides" to native peptide bonds via S,N-acyl shift is central to the success of native chemical ligation, the widely used approach for protein total synthesis. Proximity-driven amide bond formation via acyl transfer reactions in other contexts has proven generally less effective. Here, we show that under neutral aqueous conditions, "O-acyl isopeptides" derived from hydroxy-asparagine [aspartic acid-β-hydroxamic acid; Asp(β-HA)] rearrange to form native peptide bonds via an O,N-acyl shift. This process constitutes a rare example of an O,N-acyl shift that proceeds rapidly across a medium-size ring (t1/2 ∼ 15 min), and takes place in water with minimal interference from hydrolysis. In contrast to serine/threonine or tyrosine, which form O-acyl isopeptides only by the use of highly activated acyl donors and appropriate protecting groups in organic solvent, Asp(β-HA) is sufficiently reactive to form O-acyl isopeptides by treatment with an unprotected peptide-αthioester, at low mM concentration, in water. These findings were applied to an acyl transfer-based chemical ligation strategy, in which an unprotected N-terminal Asp(β-HA)-peptide and peptide-αthioester react under aqueous conditions to give a ligation product ultimately linked by a native peptide bond.
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17
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Zaykov AN, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Synthesis and Characterization of the R27S Genetic Variant of Insulin-like Peptide 5. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:852-859. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Zaykov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis; 5225 Exploration Drive Indianapolis IN 46241 USA
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis; 5225 Exploration Drive Indianapolis IN 46241 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle; 530 Fairview Avenue N. #5000 Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis; 5225 Exploration Drive Indianapolis IN 46241 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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18
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Shi L, Chen H, Zhang S, Chu T, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Semi‐synthesis of murine prion protein by native chemical ligation and chemical activation for preparation of polypeptide‐
α
‐thioester. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:438-444. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Si‐Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ting‐Ting Chu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu‐Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yong‐Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yan‐Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069 China
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19
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Sato T. Chemical synthesis of transmembrane peptide and its application for research on the transmembrane-juxtamembrane region of membrane protein. Biopolymers 2017; 106:613-21. [PMID: 26573237 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins possess one or more hydrophobic regions that span the membrane and interact with the lipids that constitute the membrane. The interactions between the transmembrane (TM) region and lipids affect the structure and function of these membrane proteins. Molecular characterization of synthetic TM peptides in lipid bilayers helps to understand how the TM region participates in the formation of the structure and in the function of membrane proteins. The use of synthetic peptides enables site-specific labeling and modification and allows for designing of an artificial TM sequence. Research involving such samples has resulted in significant increase in the knowledge of the mechanisms that govern membrane biology. In this review, the chemical synthesis of TM peptides has been discussed. The preparation of synthetic TM peptides is still not trivial; however, the accumulated knowledge summarized here should provide a basis for preparing samples for spectroscopic analyses. The application of synthetic TM peptides for gaining insights into the mechanism of signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has also been discussed. RTK is a single TM protein and is one of the difficult targets in structural biology as crystallization of the full-length receptor has not been successful. This review describes the structural characterization of the synthetic TM-juxtamembrane sequence and proposes a possible scheme for the structural changes in this region for the activation of ErbBs, the epidermal growth factor receptor family. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 613-621, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sato
- Laboratory of Protein Organic Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Karas JA, Noor A, Schieber C, Connell TU, Separovic F, Donnelly PS. The efficient synthesis and purification of amyloid-β(1–42) using an oligoethylene glycol-containing photocleavable lysine tag. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6903-6905. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An oligoethylene glycol-containing photocleavable lysine tag was developed to facilitate the efficient synthesis and purification of the Aβ42 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Christine Schieber
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Timothy U. Connell
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Australia
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21
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Albericio F, Tulla-Puche J. Synthesis of complex head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptides. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1924-1947. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Seki Y, Ishiyama T, Sasaki D, Abe J, Sohma Y, Oisaki K, Kanai M. Transition Metal-Free Tryptophan-Selective Bioconjugation of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10798-801. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Seki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishiyama
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- ERATO,
Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junpei Abe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- ERATO,
Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- ERATO,
Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Beyer I, Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Klafki HW, Jahn O, Haußmann U, Wiltfang J, Zweckstetter M, Knölker HJ. Solid-Phase Synthesis and Characterization of N-Terminally Elongated Aβ-3-x -Peptides. Chemistry 2016; 22:8685-93. [PMID: 27167300 PMCID: PMC5084751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the prototypic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 , several Aβ variants differing in their amino and carboxy termini have been described. Synthetic availability of an Aβ variant is often the key to study its role under physiological or pathological conditions. Herein, we report a protocol for the efficient solid-phase peptide synthesis of the N-terminally elongated Aβ-peptides Aβ-3-38 , Aβ-3-40 , and Aβ-3-42 . Biophysical characterization by NMR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, an aggregation assay, and electron microscopy revealed that all three peptides were prone to aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Immunoprecipitation, followed by mass spectrometry, indicated that Aβ-3-38 and Aβ-3-40 are generated by transfected cells even in the presence of a tripartite β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor. The elongated Aβ peptides starting at Val(-3) can be separated from N-terminally-truncated Aβ forms by high-resolution isoelectric-focusing techniques, despite virtually identical isoelectric points. The synthetic Aβ variants and the methods presented here are providing tools to advance our understanding of the potential roles of N-terminally elongated Aβ variants in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaak Beyer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Proteomics Group, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Haußmann
- University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. ,
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. ,
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Zuo C, Tang S, Si YY, Wang ZA, Tian CL, Zheng JS. Efficient synthesis of longer Aβ peptides via removable backbone modification. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5012-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new method for the efficient chemical synthesis of longer Aβ peptides with the combination of the RBM strategy and native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yan-Yan Si
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhipeng A. Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
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25
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Desmet R, Pauzuolis M, Boll E, Drobecq H, Raibaut L, Melnyk O. Synthesis of Unprotected Linear or Cyclic O-Acyl Isopeptides in Water Using Bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido Peptide Ligation. Org Lett 2015; 17:3354-7. [PMID: 26075704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SEA ligation proceeds chemoselectively at pH 3, i.e., at a pH where the O-acyl isopeptides are protected by protonation. This property was used for synthesizing unprotected O-acyl isopeptides in water, starting from peptide segments which are easily accessible by the Fmoc SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Desmet
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
| | - Mindaugas Pauzuolis
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Raibaut
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
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26
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Roychaudhuri R, Lomakin A, Bernstein S, Zheng X, Condron MM, Benedek GB, Bowers M, Teplow DB. Gly25-Ser26 amyloid β-protein structural isomorphs produce distinct Aβ42 conformational dynamics and assembly characteristics. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2422-41. [PMID: 24735871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the earliest events in amyloid β-protein (Aβ) self-association is nucleation of Aβ monomer folding through formation of a turn at Gly25-Lys28. We report here the effects of structural changes at the center of the turn, Gly25-Ser26, on Aβ42 conformational dynamics and assembly. We used "click peptide" chemistry to quasi-synchronously create Aβ42 from 26-O-acyliso-Aβ42 (iAβ42) through a pH jump from 3 to 7.4. We also synthesized Nα-acetyl-Ser26-iAβ42 (Ac-iAβ42), which cannot undergo O→N acyl chemistry, to study the behavior of this ester form of Aβ42 itself at neutral pH. Data from experiments monitoring increases in β-sheet formation (thioflavin T, CD), hydrodynamic radius (RH), scattering intensity (quasielastic light scattering spectroscopy), and extent of oligomerization (ion mobility spectroscopy-mass spectrometry) were quite consistent. A rank order of Ac-iAβ42>iAβ42>Aβ42 was observed. Photochemically cross-linked iAβ42 displayed an oligomer distribution with a prominent dimer band that was not present with Aβ42. These dimers also were observed selectively in iAβ42 in ion mobility spectrometry experiments. The distinct biophysical behaviors of iAβ42 and Aβ42 appear to be due to the conversion of iAβ42 into "pure" Aβ42 monomer, a nascent form of Aβ42 that does not comprise the variety of oligomeric and aggregated states present in pre-existent Aβ42. These results emphasize the importance of the Gly25-Ser26 dipeptide in organizing Aβ42 monomer structure and thus suggest that drugs altering the interactions of this dipeptide with neighboring side-chain atoms or with the peptide backbone could be useful in therapeutic strategies targeting formation of Aβ oligomers and higher-order assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aleksey Lomakin
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Summer Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Margaret M Condron
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - George B Benedek
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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27
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Liu F, Luo EY, Flora DB, Mezo AR. A synthetic route to human insulin using isoacyl peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3983-7. [PMID: 24615765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of insulin has been a longstanding challenge, mainly because of the notorious hydrophobicity of the A chain and the complicated topology of this 51-mer peptide hormone consisting of two chains and three disulfide bonds. Reported herein is a new synthetic route utilizing the isoacyl peptide approach to address the hydrophobicity problems. The incorporation of isoacyl dipeptide segments into both A and B chains greatly improved their preparation and purification, and the RP-HPLC recovery of the chain ligation intermediates. The new route affords human insulin with a yield of 68 % based on the starting purified A chain and an overall yield of 24 % based on the substitution of the resin used for the preparation of A chain. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the most efficient route of human insulin chemical synthesis reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285 (USA).
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28
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Liu F, Luo EY, Flora DB, Mezo AR. A Synthetic Route to Human Insulin Using Isoacyl Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Paradís-Bas M, Albert-Soriano M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Linear versus branched poly-lysine/arginine as polarity enhancer tags. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7194-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of Lys- and Arg-containing peptides as solubilizing tags were studied to evaluate their influence on polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paradís-Bas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre for Address
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Abstract
The chemical synthesis of peptides or small proteins is often an important step in many research projects and has stimulated the development of numerous chemical methodologies. The aim of this review is to give a substantial overview of the solid phase methods developed for the production or purification of polypeptides. The solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technique has facilitated considerably the access to short peptides (<50 amino acids). However, its limitations for producing large homogeneous peptides have stimulated the development of solid phase covalent or non-covalent capture purification methods. The power of the native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction for protein synthesis in aqueous solution has also been adapted to the solid phase by the combination of novel linker technologies, cysteine protection strategies and thioester or N,S-acyl shift thioester surrogate chemistries. This review details pioneering studies and the most recent publications related to the solid phase chemical synthesis of large peptides and proteins.
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31
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Abstract
O-Acyl isopeptides, in which the N-acyl linkage on the hydroxyamino acid residue (e.g., Ser and Thr) is replaced with an O-acyl linkage, generally possess superior water-solubility to their corresponding native peptides, as well as other distinct physicochemical properties. In addition, O-acyl isopeptides can be rapidly converted into their corresponding native peptide under neutral aqueous conditions through an O-to-N acyl migration. By exploiting these characteristics, researchers have applied the O-acyl isopeptide method to various peptide-synthesis fields, such as the synthesis of aggregative peptides and convergent peptide synthesis. This O-acyl-isopeptide approach also serves as a means to control the biological function of the peptide in question. Herein, we report the synthesis of O-acyl isopeptides and some of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Sohma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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32
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Sohma Y, Yamasaki M, Kawashima H, Taniguchi A, Yamashita M, Akaji K, Mukai H, Kiso Y. Comparative properties of Aβ1-42, Aβ11-42, and [Pyr¹¹]Aβ11-42 generated from O-acyl isopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1326-9. [PMID: 23352512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of water-soluble O-acyl isopeptides enabled us to investigate the biochemical properties of Aβ11-42 species, by preparing highly concentrated stock solutions after a pretreatment. Aβ11-42 and [Pyr(11)]Aβ11-42 showed comparable aggregation capability and cytotoxicity, suggesting that the pyroglutamate modification at Glu(11) does not have a crucial role in these events. However, given that Aβ11-42 is converted to [Pyr(11)]Aβ11-42 by a glutamyl cyclase in vivo, the potential aggregative and cytotoxic nature of [Pyr(11)]Aβ11-42 that was observed in the present study provides valuable insights into the pathological functions of pyroglutamate-modified Aβ species in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Sohma
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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33
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Hussein WM, Liu TY, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Microwave-assisted synthesis of difficult sequence-containing peptides using the isopeptide method. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2370-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob00030c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Katagiri F, Takeyama K, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Structural requirement of fibrogenic laminin-derived peptide A119 (LSNIDYILIKAS) for amyloid-like fibril formation and cellular activity. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8218-25. [PMID: 23013455 DOI: 10.1021/bi300822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A119 peptide (LSNIDYILIKAS), derived from the mouse laminin α1 chain sequence (residues 1321-1332), promotes cell attachment, neurite outgrowth, and amyloid-like fibril formation. In this study, we evaluated the structural requirements of A119 for biological activities and amyloid-like fibril formation. The attachment of the cell to A119 was inhibited by heparin, and using syndecan- and glypican-overexpressed cells, it was determined that A119 specifically binds to syndecans. We also evaluated the critical residues for A119 activities using a set of alanine-substituted peptides. Cell attachment activity was significantly reduced in the Leu(1)-, Ser(2)-, Asn(3)-, Ile(4)-, Ile(7)-, Ile(9)-, and Lys(10)-substituted alanine peptides. Residues Ile(4), Ile(7), Ile(9), and Lys(10) were important for neurite outgrowth activity. Congo red staining and electron microscopic examination revealed that the Ile(4), Ile(7), Ile(9), and Ser(12) residues of A119 were required for amyloid-like fibril formation. These data suggest that the Ile residues are critical for the amyloid-like fibril formation, cell attachment, and neurite outgrowth activity of A119. Furthermore, an enantiomer of A119 showed similar amyloid-like fibril formation and increased levels of cell attachment and FAK signal transduction. These findings shed light on the mechanism of amyloid-like fibril formation and demonstrate a relationship between the ability to form amyloid-like fibrils and cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katagiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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35
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Choi JW, Kim HY, Jeon M, Kim DJ, Kim Y. Efficient access to highly pure β-amyloid peptide by optimized solid-phase synthesis. Amyloid 2012; 19:133-7. [PMID: 22799493 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2012.700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Feasible and reproducible synthesis of full-length Aβ peptides has been one of the major challenges in Alzheimer's disease research. By using dimethyl sulfoxide as an anti-aggregation solvent and as an agent to promote double-coupling of two phenylalanine that frequently experience residual deletion, we developed a reliable manual Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis procedure to produce biologically active Aβ in large quantities at relatively high purity. The amyloidogenic activity of the synthesized Aβ was confirmed via thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscopic analysis and electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Choi
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea
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36
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Stravalaci M, Bastone A, Beeg M, Cagnotto A, Colombo L, Di Fede G, Tagliavini F, Cantù L, Del Favero E, Mazzanti M, Chiesa R, Salmona M, Diomede L, Gobbi M. Specific recognition of biologically active amyloid-β oligomers by a new surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassay and an in vivo assay in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27796-805. [PMID: 22736768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.334979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but their elusive nature makes their detection challenging. Here we describe a novel immunoassay based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that specifically recognizes biologically active Aβ oligomers. As a capturing agent, we immobilized on the sensor chip the monoclonal antibody 4G8, which targets a central hydrophobic region of Aβ. This SPR assay allows specific recognition of oligomeric intermediates that rapidly appear and disappear during the incubation of synthetic Aβ(1-42), discriminating them from monomers and higher order aggregates. The species recognized by SPR generate ionic currents in artificial lipid bilayers and inhibit the physiological pharyngeal contractions in Caenorhabditis elegans, a new method for testing the toxic potential of Aβ oligomers. With these assays we found that the formation of biologically relevant Aβ oligomers is inhibited by epigallocatechin gallate and increased by the A2V mutation, previously reported to induce early onset dementia. The SPR-based immunoassay provides new opportunities for detection of toxic Aβ oligomers in biological samples and could be adapted to study misfolding proteins in other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
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37
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Butterfield S, Hejjaoui M, Fauvet B, Awad L, Lashuel HA. Chemical strategies for controlling protein folding and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation and toxicity. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:204-36. [PMID: 22342932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than a century since the first evidence linking the process of amyloid formation to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. During the last three decades in particular, increasing evidence from various sources (pathology, genetics, cell culture studies, biochemistry, and biophysics) continues to point to a central role for the pathogenesis of several incurable neurodegenerative and systemic diseases. This is in part driven by our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation and the structural properties of the different aggregates in the amyloid pathway and the emergence of new tools and experimental approaches that permit better characterization of amyloid formation in vivo. Despite these advances, detailed mechanistic understanding of protein aggregation and amyloid formation in vitro and in vivo presents several challenges that remain to be addressed and several fundamental questions about the molecular and structural determinants of amyloid formation and toxicity and the mechanisms of amyloid-induced toxicity remain unanswered. To address this knowledge gap and technical challenges, there is a critical need for developing novel tools and experimental approaches that will not only permit the detection and monitoring of molecular events that underlie this process but also allow for the manipulation of these events in a spatial and temporal fashion both in and out of the cell. This review is primarily dedicated in highlighting recent results that illustrate how advances in chemistry and chemical biology have been and can be used to address some of the questions and technical challenges mentioned above. We believe that combining recent advances in the development of new fluorescent probes, imaging tools that enabled the visualization and tracking of molecular events with advances in organic synthesis, and novel approaches for protein synthesis and engineering provide unique opportunities to gain a molecular-level understanding of the process of amyloid formation. We hope that this review will stimulate further research in this area and catalyze increased collaboration at the interface of chemistry and biology to decipher the mechanisms and roles of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Butterfield
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Monbaliu JCM, Katritzky AR. Recent trends in Cys- and Ser/Thr-based synthetic strategies for the elaboration of peptide constructs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11601-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Martínez J, Lisa S, Sánchez R, Kowalczyk W, Zurita E, Teixidó M, Giralt E, Andreu D, Avila J, Gasset M. Selenomethionine incorporation into amyloid sequences regulates fibrillogenesis and toxicity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27999. [PMID: 22132190 PMCID: PMC3222675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The capacity of a polypeptide chain to engage in an amyloid formation process and cause a conformational disease is contained in its sequence. Some of the sequences undergoing fibrillation contain critical methionine (Met) residues which in vivo can be synthetically substituted by selenomethionine (SeM) and alter their properties. Methodology/Principal Findings Using peptide synthesis, biophysical techniques and cell viability determinations we have studied the effect of the substitution of methionine (Met) by selenomethionine (SeM) on the fibrillogenesis and toxic properties of Aβ40 and HuPrP(106–140). We have found that the effects display site-specificity and vary from inhibition of fibrillation and decreased toxicity ([SeM35]Aβ40, [SeM129]HuPrP(106–140) and [SeM134]HuPrP(106–140)), retarded assembly, modulation of polymer shape and retention of toxicity ([SeM112]HuPrP(106–140) to absence of effects ([SeM109]HuPrP(106–140)). Conclusions/Significance This work provides direct evidence that the substitution of Met by SeM in proamyloid sequences has a major impact on their self-assembly and toxic properties, suggesting that the SeM pool can play a major role in dictating the allowance and efficiency of a polypeptide chain to undergo toxic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Lisa
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Sánchez
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wioleta Kowalczyk
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zurita
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gasset
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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40
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Self-assembly pathways of E22Δ-type amyloid β peptide mutants generated from non-aggregative O-acyl isopeptide precursors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3787-92. [PMID: 21612934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified E22Δ-type amyloid β peptide (Aβ) mutants are reported to favor oligomerization over fibrillization and to exhibit more-potent synaptotoxicity than does wild-type (WT) Aβ. Aβ(E22Δ) mutants can thus be expected to serve as tools for clarifying the impact of Aβ oligomers in Alzheimer's disease (or Alzheimer's-type dementia). However, the biochemical and biophysical properties of Aβ(E22Δ) have not been conclusively determined. Here, we evaluated the self-assembly pathways of Aβ(E22Δ) mutants generated from water-soluble, non-aggregative O-acyl isopeptide precursors. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, Western blot analysis, and thioflavin-T fluorescence intensity and cellular toxicity assays suggest that the self-assembly pathways of Aβ(E22Δ) differed from those of Aβ(WT). Aβ1-40(E22Δ) underwent a rapid random coil→β-sheet conformational change in its monomeric or low-molecular-weight oligomeric states, whereas Aβ1-40(WT) self-assembled gradually without losing its propensity to form random coil structures. The Aβ1-42(E22Δ) monomer formed β-sheet-rich oligomers more rapidly than did Aβ1-42(WT). Additionally, the Aβ1-42(E22Δ) oligomers appear to differ from Aβ1-42(WT) oligomers in size, shape, or both. These results should provide new insights into the functions of Aβ(E22Δ) mutants.
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41
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Wu X, Park PK, Danishefsky SJ. On the synthesis of conformationally modified peptides through isonitrile chemistry: implications for dealing with polypeptide aggregation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7700-3. [PMID: 21539308 DOI: 10.1021/ja2023898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for introducing a dimethyleneoxy constraint joining the N atoms of two consecutive amino acids in the context of a polypeptide has been developed. This constraint can profoundly affect the tendency of a polypeptide to suffer aggregation and desolubilization, and it can be readily removed under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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42
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Stravalaci M, Beeg M, Salmona M, Gobbi M. Use of surface plasmon resonance to study the elongation kinetics and the binding properties of the highly amyloidogenic Aβ1–42 peptide, synthesized by depsi-peptide technique. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2772-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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43
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El Khatib M, Jauregui L, Tala SR, Khelashvili L, Katritzky AR. Solution-phase synthesis of chiral O-acyl isodipeptides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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A modified protocol to prepare seed-free starting solutions of amyloid-β (Aβ)₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ from the corresponding depsipeptides. Anal Biochem 2010; 411:297-9. [PMID: 21185802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preparing reliable, seed-free stock solutions of the highly amyloidogenic peptides amyloid-β (Aβ) is difficult. Besides the formation of aggregates during synthesis and storage, dissolution of the peptide is a critical step because vortexing can induce aggregation. To overcome this, synthesis of the more water-soluble depsi-Aβ(1-42) peptide, from which the native sequence is easily obtained, has been suggested. We further refined this technique, including a cutoff filtration step and switching the depsipeptide in basic conditions, to stabilize the formed native peptide. The obtained solutions of native Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) peptides were homogeneous and aggregate free, as indicated by thioflavin T and circular dichroism analysis.
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45
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Grillo-Bosch D, Rabanal F, Giralt E. Improved Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis of homologous peptide fragments of human and mouse prion proteins. J Pept Sci 2010; 17:32-8. [PMID: 20853306 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of difficult peptide sequences has been a challenge since the very beginning of SPPS. The self-assembly of the growing peptide chains has been proposed as one of the causes of this synthetic problem. However, there is an increasing need to obtain peptides and proteins that are prone to aggregate. These peptides and proteins are generally associated with diseases known as amyloidoses. We present an efficient SPPS of two homologous peptide fragments of HuPrP (106-126) and MoPrP105-125 based on the use of the PEGA resin combined with proper coupling approaches. These peptide fragments were also studied by CD and TEM to determine their ability to aggregate. On the basis of these results, we support PEG-based resins as an efficient synthetic tool to prepare peptide sequences prone to aggregate on-resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Grillo-Bosch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Abstract
After about one century of peptide chemistry, the main limitation to the accessibility of peptides and proteins via chemosynthesis is the arising of folding and aggregation phenomena. This is true not only for sequences above a critical length but also for several biologically relevant substrates that are relatively short yet form either highly folded structures (e.g. WW domains) or fibrils and aggregates after final deprotection (beta-amyloid peptide). Such so-called difficult sequences may be more easily obtained via their corresponding depsipeptides (O-acyl isopeptides), ester isomers that are often easier to assemble and purify, and are smoothly converted to the parent amides under mild conditions. The depsipeptide method is the most recent technique to improve the outcome of difficult syntheses, applicable to sequences containing residues of serine or threonine. A brief overview is presented about chemical aspects of the method, the steps that have been undertaken for its optimization, and the evaluation of its efficiency. Further applications of analogous principles to other critical topics in peptide synthesis such as condensation of peptide segments and solid-phase synthesis of naturally occurring cyclodepsipeptides are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coin
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CBPL, La Jolla, CA 92037-1099, USA.
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47
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Katagiri F, Takeyama K, Ohga Y, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Kadoya Y, Nomizu M. Amino acid sequence requirements of laminin beta1 chain peptide B133 (DISTKYFQMSLE) for amyloid-like fibril formation, syndecan binding, and neurite outgrowth promotion. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5909-18. [PMID: 20550135 DOI: 10.1021/bi100748s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide B133 (DSITKYFQMSLE), derived from mouse laminin beta1 chain (residues 1298-1309), promotes cell attachment, neurite outgrowth, and amyloid-like fibril formation. Previously, we showed that the N-terminal Asp-deleted peptide B133a (SITKYFQMSLE) promotes integrin alpha2beta1-mediated cell attachment and spreading but does not form amyloid-like fibrils, and that the C-terminal Glu-deleted peptide B133g (DSITKYFQMSL) attaches cells without cell spreading and forms amyloid-like fibrils. In this study, we further investigated the amino acid sequence requirements of B133 for biological function using a set of truncated and Ala-substituted peptides. Attachment of cells to B133g was inhibited by only heparin, and Congo Red analysis indicated that the amyloid-like fibril formation activity of B133g was stronger than that of B133. Alanine scan analysis for the B133g peptide indicated that Asp and Ile residues are essential for cell attachment. Additionally, the N-terminal Asp residue was required for neurite outgrowth. Further, amyloid-like fibril formation required Asp and Ile residues. These data suggest that the amyloid-like fibril formation of B133g is required for cell attachment activity. We also evaluated the attachment of cells to the peptides using syndecan- and glypican-overexpressing cells. B133g attached to syndecan-overexpressing cells but not to glypican-overexpressing cells, suggesting that the amyloidogenic peptides promote syndecan-mediated cell attachment. These findings were useful for clarifying the mechanism of amyloid-like fibril formation and biological functions. The B133 peptide promotes amyloid-like fibril formation, syndecan-mediated cell attachment, and neurite outgrowth and has the potential for use as a biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katagiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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48
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Bozso Z, Penke B, Simon D, Laczkó I, Juhász G, Szegedi V, Kasza A, Soós K, Hetényi A, Wéber E, Tóháti H, Csete M, Zarándi M, Fülöp L. Controlled in situ preparation of A beta(1-42) oligomers from the isopeptide "iso-A beta(1-42)", physicochemical and biological characterization. Peptides 2010; 31:248-56. [PMID: 19995586 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (A beta) peptides play a crucial role in the pathology of the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological experiments (both in vitro and animal model studies of AD) require synthetic A beta peptides of standard quality, aggregation grade, neurotoxicity and water solubility. The synthesis of A beta peptides has been difficult, owing to their hydrophobic character, poor solubility and high tendency for aggregation. Recently an isopeptide precursor (iso-A beta(1-42)) was synthesized by Fmoc-chemistry and transformed at neutral pH to A beta(1-42) by O-->N acyl migration in a short period of time. We prepared the same precursor peptide using Boc-chemistry and studied the transformation to A beta(1-42) by acyl migration. The peptide conformation and aggregation processes were studied by several methods (circular dichroism, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering). The biological activity of the synthetic A beta(1-42) was measured by ex vivo (long-term potentiation studies in rat hippocampal slices) and in vivo experiments (spatial learning of rats). It was proven that O-->N acyl migration of the precursor isopeptide results in a water soluble oligomeric mixture of neurotoxic A beta(1-42). These oligomers are formed in situ just before the biological experiments and their aggregation grade could be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bozso
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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49
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Chen B, Dai L, Zhang H, Tan W, Xu Z, Ye T. Towards the stereochemical assignment of natural lydiamycin A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:574-6. [PMID: 20062866 DOI: 10.1039/b922544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A convergent approach leading to the stereoselective synthesis of four diastereomers of lydiamycin A has been established and verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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50
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Lakatos A, Zsigó É, Hollender D, Nagy NV, Fülöp L, Simon D, Bozsó Z, Kiss T. Two pyridine derivatives as potential Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) chelators in therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1302-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b916366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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