1
|
Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tétreault P, Besserer-Offroy É, Brouillette RL, René A, Murza A, Fanelli R, Kirby K, Parent AJ, Dubuc I, Beaudet N, Côté J, Longpré JM, Martinez J, Cavelier F, Sarret P. Pain relief devoid of opioid side effects following central action of a silylated neurotensin analog. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
Minkovich B, Ruderfer I, Kaushansky A, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. α‐Sila‐Dipeptides: Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13261-13265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Minkovich
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ilya Ruderfer
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minkovich B, Ruderfer I, Kaushansky A, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. α‐Sila‐Dipeptides: Synthesis and Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Minkovich
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ilya Ruderfer
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Georgakopoulos ND, Talapatra SK, Gatliff J, Kozielski F, Wells G. Modified Peptide Inhibitors of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction Incorporating Unnatural Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1810-1816. [PMID: 29927029 PMCID: PMC6220877 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent inhibitors of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) have therapeutic potential in a range of disease states including neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various inflammatory conditions. By stalling Keap1-mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2, such compounds can enhance Nrf2 transcriptional activity and activate the expression of a range of genes with antioxidant response elements in their promoter regions. Keap1 inhibitors based on peptide and small-molecule templates have been identified. In this paper we develop the structure-activity relationships of the peptide series and identify a group of ligands incorporating unnatural amino acids that demonstrate improved binding affinity in fluorescence polarisation, differential scanning fluorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry assays. These modified peptides have the potential for further development into peptidomimetic chemical probes to explore the role of Nrf2 in disease and as potential lead structures for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep K Talapatra
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jemma Gatliff
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Frank Kozielski
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Geoff Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramesh R, Reddy DS. Quest for Novel Chemical Entities through Incorporation of Silicon in Drug Scaffolds. J Med Chem 2017; 61:3779-3798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ramesh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fanelli R, Berthomieu D, Didierjean C, Doudouh A, Lebrun A, Martinez J, Cavelier F. Hydrophobic α,α-Disubstituted Disilylated TESDpg Induces Incipient 310-Helix in Short Tripeptide Sequence. Org Lett 2017; 19:2937-2940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fanelli
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR-5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Dorothée Berthomieu
- Laboratoire
des Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé,
Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR-5253, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, 8, rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier 34296 Cedex 5, France
| | - Claude Didierjean
- CRM2,
UMR-7036, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Abdelatif Doudouh
- CRM2,
UMR-7036, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR-5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR-5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Florine Cavelier
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR-5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madica K, Nadimpally KC, Sanjayan GJ. Novel silaproline (Sip)-incorporated close structural mimics of potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel (GLYX-13). Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Rémond E, Martin C, Martinez J, Cavelier F. Silicon-Containing Amino Acids: Synthetic Aspects, Conformational Studies, and Applications to Bioactive Peptides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11654-11684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rémond
- Institut
des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 de Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Institut
des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 de Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut
des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 de Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Florine Cavelier
- Institut
des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 de Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rémond E, Martin C, Martinez J, Cavelier F. Silaproline, a Silicon-Containing Proline Surrogate. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
(L)-(Trimethylsilyl)alanine synthesis exploiting hydroxypinanone-induced diastereoselective alkylation. Amino Acids 2013; 45:301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Martin C, Lebrun A, Martinez J, Cavelier F. Synthesis of homopolypeptides with PPII structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martin
- IBMM, UMR-CNRS-5247; Universités Montpellier I and II, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- LMP, IBMM; Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, UMR-CNRS-5247; Universités Montpellier I and II, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Florine Cavelier
- IBMM, UMR-CNRS-5247; Universités Montpellier I and II, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin C, Vanthuyne N, Miramon H, Martinez J, Cavelier F. Resolution of protected silaproline for a gram scale preparation. Amino Acids 2011; 43:649-55. [PMID: 22002795 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Silaproline is an analogue of proline, which exhibits similar conformational properties. Moreover, the presence of dimethylsilyl group confers to silaproline a higher lipophilicity as well as an improved resistance to biodegradation. This report describes the comparison of two routes to obtain Fmoc-(L) Sip-OH on the gram scale using chiral HPLC resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Martin
- IBMM, UMR-CNRS-5247, Universités Montpellier I and II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|