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Jalil AT, Abdulhadi MA, Al-Ameer LR, Taher WM, Abdulameer SJ, Abosaooda M, Fadhil AA. Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1. [PMID: 37768503 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A monster called cancer is still one of the most challenging human problems and one of the leading causes of death in the world. Different types of treatment methods are used for cancer therapy; however, there are challenges such as high cost and harmful side effects in using these methods. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of therapeutic peptides for a wide range of diseases, notably cancer. Peptides are preferred over antibiotics, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer due to a number of aspects, including flexibility, easy modification, low immunogenicity, and inexpensive cost of production. The use of therapeutic peptides in cancer treatment is a novel and intriguing strategy. These peptides provide excellent prospects for targeted drug delivery because of their high selectivity, specificity, small dimensions, good biocompatibility, and simplicity of modification. Target specificity and minimal toxicity are benefits of therapeutic peptides. Additionally, peptides can be used to design antigens or adjuvants for vaccine development. Here, types of therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy will be discussed, such as peptide-based cancer vaccines and tumor-targeting peptides (TTP) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Lubna R Al-Ameer
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Sada Jasim Abdulameer
- Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Science, Wasit University, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | | | - Ali A Fadhil
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Afridi S, Hoessli DC, Hameed MW. Mechanistic understanding and significance of small peptides interaction with MHC class II molecules for therapeutic applications. Immunol Rev 2017; 272:151-68. [PMID: 27319349 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are expressed by antigen-presenting cells and stimulate CD4(+) T cells, which initiate humoral immune responses. Over the past decade, interest has developed to therapeutically impact the peptides to be exposed to CD4(+) T cells. Structurally diverse small molecules have been discovered that act on the endogenous peptide exchanger HLA-DM by different mechanisms. Exogenously delivered peptides are highly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage in vivo; however, it is only when successfully incorporated into stable MHC II-peptide complexes that these peptides can induce an immune response. Many of the small molecules so far discovered have highlighted the molecular interactions mediating the formation of MHC II-peptide complexes. As potential drugs, these small molecules open new therapeutic approaches to modulate MHC II antigen presentation pathways and influence the quality and specificity of immune responses. This review briefly introduces how CD4(+) T cells recognize antigen when displayed by MHC class II molecules, as well as MHC class II-peptide-loading pathways, structural basis of peptide binding and stabilization of the peptide-MHC complexes. We discuss the concept of MHC-loading enhancers, how they could modulate immune responses and how these molecules have been identified. Finally, we suggest mechanisms whereby MHC-loading enhancers could act upon MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifullah Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Hameed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wagner-Rousset E, Fekete S, Morel-Chevillet L, Colas O, Corvaïa N, Cianférani S, Guillarme D, Beck A. Development of a fast workflow to screen the charge variants of therapeutic antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kühne Y, Reese G, Ballmer-Weber BK, Niggemann B, Hanschmann KM, Vieths S, Holzhauser T. A Novel Multipeptide Microarray for the Specific and Sensitive Mapping of Linear IgE-Binding Epitopes of Food Allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:213-24. [PMID: 25924626 DOI: 10.1159/000381344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of B-cell epitopes of food allergens can possibly lead to novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic reagents for food allergy. We sought to develop a flexible, low-tech, cost-effective and reproducible multipeptide microarray for the research environment to enable large-scale screening of IgE epitopes of food allergens. METHODS Overlapping peptides (15-mer, 4 amino acid offset) covering the primary sequence of either peanut allergen Ara h 1 or all 3 subunits of the soybean allergen Gly m 5 were simultaneously synthesized in-house on a porous cellulose matrix. Identical peptide microarrays created with up to 384 duplicate peptide-cellulose microspots each were investigated for specificity and sensitivity in IgE immunodetection and in direct experimental comparison to the formerly established SPOT™ membrane technique. RESULTS The in-house microarray identified with 98% reproducibility the same IgE-binding peptides as the SPOT™ membrane technique. Additional IgE-binding peptides were identified using the microarray. While the sensitivity was increased between 2- and 20-fold, the amount of human serum required was reduced by at least two thirds over the SPOT™ membrane technique using the microarray. After subtraction of the potential background, we did not observe non-specific binding to the presented peptides on microarray. CONCLUSIONS The novel peptide microarray allows simple and cost-effective screening for potential epitopes of large allergenic legume seed storage proteins, and it could be adapted for other food allergens as well, to study allergenic epitopes at the individual subject level in large paediatric and adult study groups of food allergic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kühne
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Atmanene C, Wagner-Rousset E, Corvaïa N, Van Dorsselaer A, Beck A, Sanglier-Cianférani S. Noncovalent mass spectrometry for the characterization of antibody/antigen complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 988:243-268. [PMID: 23475725 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-327-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have taken on an increasing importance for the treatment of various diseases including cancers, immunological disorders, and other pathologies. These large biomolecules display specific structural features, which affect their efficiency and need therefore to be extensively characterized using sensitive and orthogonal analytical techniques. Among them, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the method of choice to study mAb amino acid sequences as well as their posttranslational modifications with the aim of reducing their chemistry, manufacturing, and control liabilities. This chapter will provide the reader with a description of the general approach allowing antibody/antigen systems to be characterized by noncovalent MS. In the present chapter, we describe how recent noncovalent MS technologies are used to characterize immune complexes involving both murine and humanized mAb 6F4 directed against human JAM-A, a newly identified antigenic protein (Ag) over-expressed in tumor cells. We will detail experimental conditions (sample preparation, optimization of instrumental parameters, etc.) required for the detection of noncovalent antibody/antigen complexes by MS. We will then focus on the type and the reliability of the information that we get from noncovalent MS data, with emphasis on the determination of the stoichiometry of antibody/antigen systems. Noncovalent MS appears as an additional supporting technique for therapeutic mAbs lead characterization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Atmanene
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and future prospects. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:967347. [PMID: 23316341 PMCID: PMC3539351 DOI: 10.1155/2012/967347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or can act as a carrier of cytotoxic agents and radioisotopes by specifically targeting cancer cells. Peptide-based hormonal therapy has been extensively studied and utilized for the treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Tremendous amount of clinical data is currently available attesting to the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Combination therapy is emerging as an important strategy to achieve synergistic effects in fighting cancer as a single method alone may not be efficient enough to yield positive results. Combining immunotherapy with conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy or combining an anticancer peptide with a nonpeptidic cytotoxic drug is an example of this emerging field.
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Gao J, Faraggi E, Zhou Y, Ruan J, Kurgan L. BEST: improved prediction of B-cell epitopes from antigen sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40104. [PMID: 22761950 PMCID: PMC3384636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of immunogenic regions in a given antigen chain is a difficult and actively pursued problem. Although accurate predictors for T-cell epitopes are already in place, the prediction of the B-cell epitopes requires further research. We overview the available approaches for the prediction of B-cell epitopes and propose a novel and accurate sequence-based solution. Our BEST (B-cell Epitope prediction using Support vector machine Tool) method predicts epitopes from antigen sequences, in contrast to some method that predict only from short sequence fragments, using a new architecture based on averaging selected scores generated from sliding 20-mers by a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The SVM predictor utilizes a comprehensive and custom designed set of inputs generated by combining information derived from the chain, sequence conservation, similarity to known (training) epitopes, and predicted secondary structure and relative solvent accessibility. Empirical evaluation on benchmark datasets demonstrates that BEST outperforms several modern sequence-based B-cell epitope predictors including ABCPred, method by Chen et al. (2007), BCPred, COBEpro, BayesB, and CBTOPE, when considering the predictions from antigen chains and from the chain fragments. Our method obtains a cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the fragment-based prediction at 0.81 and 0.85, depending on the dataset. The AUCs of BEST on the benchmark sets of full antigen chains equal 0.57 and 0.6, which is significantly and slightly better than the next best method we tested. We also present case studies to contrast the propensity profiles generated by BEST and several other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JG); (LK)
| | - Eshel Faraggi
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jishou Ruan
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (JG); (LK)
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Choi Y, Mason CS, Jones LP, Crabtree J, Jorquera PA, Tripp RA. Antibodies to the central conserved region of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein block RSV G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 binding and cross-neutralize RSV A and B strains. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:193-203. [PMID: 22551066 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2011.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide, and despite decades of effort, there remains no safe and effective vaccine. RSV modifies the host immune response during infection by CX3C chemokine mimicry adversely affecting pulmonary leukocyte chemotaxis and CX3CR1+ RSV-specific T-cell responses. In this study we investigated whether immunization of mice with RSV G protein polypeptides from strain A2 could induce antibodies that block G protein-CX3CR1 interactions of both RSV A and B strains. The results show that mice immunized with RSV A2 G polypeptides generate antibodies that block binding of RSV A2 and B1 native G proteins to CX3CR1, and that these antibodies effectively cross-neutralize both A and B strains of RSV. These findings suggest that vaccines that induce RSV G protein-CX3CR1 blocking antibodies may provide a disease intervention strategy in the efforts to develop safe and efficacious RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Engineering building blocks for self-assembling protein nanoparticles. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:101. [PMID: 21192790 PMCID: PMC3022712 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Like natural viruses, manmade protein cages for drug delivery are to be ideally formed by repetitive subunits with self-assembling properties, mimicking viral functions and molecular organization. Naturally formed nanostructures (such as viruses, flagella or simpler protein oligomers) can be engineered to acquire specific traits of interest in biomedicine, for instance through the addition of cell targeting agents for desired biodistribution and specific delivery of associated drugs. However, fully artificial constructs would be highly desirable regarding finest tuning and adaptation to precise therapeutic purposes. Although engineering of protein assembling is still in its infancy, arising principles and promising strategies of protein manipulation point out the rational construction of nanoscale protein cages as a feasible concept, reachable through conventional recombinant DNA technologies and microbial protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vázquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Beck A, Wagner-Rousset E, Wurch T, Corvaia N. [Therapeutic antibodies and related products: choosing the right structure for success]. Med Sci (Paris) 2010; 25:1024-32. [PMID: 20035674 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200925121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and related-products represent the fastest growing class of therapeutics in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry. In just as short as 20 years, more than 30 immunoglobulins (IgG) and derivatives have been approved in a wide range of indications (oncology, inflammation and auto-immunity, transplantation, angioplasty, hematology, ophthalmology, viral infections, allergy). The mAb structure toolbox contains mouse, chimeric, humanized and human antibodies from different isotypes (IgG1, 2 and 4), as well as IgG-related products (immunoconjugates, radio-immunoconjugates, Fab fragments, Fc-fusion proteins and peptides, bispecifics). Furthermore from a structural point of view, mAb glycosylation is linked to their production systems and may impact on their effector functions and immunogenicity. Based on the current knowledge, choosing the right antibody format, isotype and glycosylation profile are some of the key issues to address early during the lead selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre (www.cipf.com), 5, avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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Beck A, Cochet O, Wurch T. GlycoFi's technology to control the glycosylation of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 5:95-111. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903413504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Atmanene C, Wagner-Rousset E, Malissard M, Chol B, Robert A, Corvaïa N, Dorsselaer AV, Beck A, Sanglier-Cianférani S. Extending Mass Spectrometry Contribution to Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Lead Optimization: Characterization of Immune Complexes Using Noncovalent ESI-MS. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6364-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9007557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Atmanene
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Martine Malissard
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Bertrand Chol
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Robert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Beck
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Sarah- Sanglier-Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
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Ryan SM, Mantovani G, Wang X, Haddleton DM, Brayden DJ. Advances in PEGylation of important biotech molecules: delivery aspects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:371-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wagner-Rousset E, Bednarczyk A, Bussat MC, Colas O, Corvaïa N, Schaeffer C, Van Dorsselaer A, Beck A. The way forward, enhanced characterization of therapeutic antibody glycosylation: comparison of three level mass spectrometry-based strategies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 872:23-37. [PMID: 18672411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation which plays a crucial role in the pharmacological properties of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is influenced by several factors like production systems, selected clonal population and manufacturing processes. Efficient analytical methods are therefore required in order to characterize glycosylation at different stages of MAbs discovery and production. Three mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategies were compared to analyze N-glycosylation of MAbs either expressed in murine myeloma (NS0) or Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines, the two current main production systems used for therapeutic MAbs. First a top-down approach was used on intact and reduced MAbs by liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-TOF), which provided fast and accurate profiles of MAbs glycosylation patterns for routine controls. Secondly, after digestion of the antibody with the peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) enzyme, released N-linked glycans were directly analyzed by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) without any prior derivatization, which gave precise details on the structure of the most abundant glycoforms. Finally, a bottom-up approach on tryptic glycopeptides using a nanoLC-Chip-MS/MS ion trap (IT) system equipped with a graphitized carbon column was investigated. Data were compared to those obtained with a more classical C18 reversed phase column showing that this last method is well suited to detect low abundant glycoforms and to provide in one shot information regarding both the oligosaccharide structure and the amino acid sequence of its peptide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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