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Marques C, Fernandes MH, Lima SAC. Elucidating Berberine's Therapeutic and Photosensitizer Potential through Nanomedicine Tools. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2282. [PMID: 37765251 PMCID: PMC10535601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from plants of the Berberidaceae family, has been gaining interest due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as neuro and cardiovascular protective effects in animal models. Recently, photodynamic therapy demonstrated successful application in many fields of medicine. This innovative, non-invasive treatment modality requires a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen. In particular, the photosensitizer can selectively accumulate in diseased tissues without damaging healthy cells. Berberine's physicochemical properties allow its use as a photosensitising agent for photodynamic therapy, enabling reactive oxygen species production and thus potentiating treatment efficacy. However, berberine exhibits poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, and poor gastrointestinal absorption that hamper its therapeutic and photodynamic efficacy. Nanotechnology has been used to minimize berberine's limitations with the design of drug delivery systems. Different nanoparticulate delivery systems for berberine have been used, as lipid-, inorganic- and polymeric-based nanoparticles. These berberine nanocarriers improve its therapeutic properties and photodynamic potential. More specifically, they extend its half-life, increase solubility, and allow a high permeation and targeted delivery. This review describes different nano strategies designed for berberine delivery as well as berberine's potential as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. To benefit from berberine's overall potential, nanotechnology has been applied for berberine-mediated photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Marques
- IUCS-CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, LAQV, REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Costa Lima
- IUCS-CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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An YW, Jin HT, Yuan B, Wang JC, Wang C, Liu HQ. Research progress of berberine mediated photodynamic therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 33747216 PMCID: PMC7967931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a plant secondary metabolite that has been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the last few decades. The present review aimed to discuss the research progress of BBR-mediated photodynamic actions. The following key words were searched in several databases: 'Berberine' combined with 'photodynamic therapy', 'sonodynamic therapy (SDT)', 'ultraviolet', 'reactive oxygen' and 'singlet oxygen'. The results demonstrated that both type I and type II reactions participated in the photodynamic progression of BBR derivatives. In addition, the photochemical characteristics of BBR derivatives were affected by the polarity, pH and O2 content of solvents. DNA binding increases the lifespan of the photoexcited BBR state and generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The chemical properties of substituents in different positions of the BBR skeleton are pivotal for its photochemical properties, particularly the methylenedioxy group at the C-2 and C-3 positions. BBR is a promising agent for mediating both PDT- and SDT-treated diseases, particularly in tumors. However, further studies are required to validate their biological effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of BBR-PDT remain unclear and warrant further investigation. The structural modification and targeted delivery of BBR have made it possible to broaden its applications; however, experimental verification is required. Overall, BBR acts as a sensitizer for PDT and has promising development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen An
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
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Bhattacharyya R, Saha B, Tyagi M, Bandyopadhyay SK, Patro BS, Chattopadhyay S. Differential modes of photosensitisation in cancer cells by berberine and coralyne. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:723-738. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1368506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrityunjaya Tyagi
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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UPLC-MS/MS Profile of Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Berberidaceae and Papaveraceae Families. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9369872. [PMID: 28951771 PMCID: PMC5603144 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9369872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most occurring diseases in developed and developing countries. Plant-based compounds are still researched for their anticancer activity and for their quantity in plants. Therefore, the modern chromatographic methods are applied to quantify them in plants, for example, UPLC-MS/MS (ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of sanguinarine, berberine, protopine, and chelidonine in Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem., Fumaria officinalis L., Glaucium flavum Crantz, Corydalis cava L., Berberis thunbergii DC., Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Macleaya cordata Willd., and Chelidonium majus L. For the first time, N,N-dimethyl-hernovine was identified in M. cambrica, B. thunbergii, M. aquifolium, C. cava, G. flavum, and C. majus; methyl-hernovine was identified in G. flavum; columbamine was identified in B. thunbergii; and methyl-corypalmine, chelidonine, and sanguinarine were identified in F. officinalis L. The richest source of protopine among all the examined species was M. cordata (5463.64 ± 26.3 μg/g). The highest amounts of chelidonine and sanguinarine were found in C. majus (51,040.0 ± 1.8 μg/g and 7925.8 ± 3.3 μg/g, resp.), while B. thunbergi contained the highest amount of berberine (6358.4 ± 4.2 μg/g).
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Wang K, Feng X, Chai L, Cao S, Qiu F. The metabolism of berberine and its contribution to the pharmacological effects. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:139-157. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1306544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Ning N, He K, Wang Y, Zou Z, Wu H, Li X, Ye X. Hypolipidemic Effect and Mechanism of Palmatine from Coptis chinensis in Hamsters Fed High-Fat diet. Phytother Res 2015; 29:668-73. [PMID: 25586479 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Palmatine (PAL) is one of the main alkaloids in Coptis chinensis. The present aim was to investigate the hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of palmatine in hamsters fed with high-fat diet (HFD). PAL treatment decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as increased fecal excretion of TC and total bile acids (TBA) in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Furthermore, PAL treatment up-regulated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA and protein expression and down-regulated apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT) mRNA and protein expression. These results demonstrated that PAL as a potential natural cholesterol lowering agent works by up-regulating LDLR and CYP7A1 mRNA and protein expression, down-regulating ASBT mRNA and protein expression, as well as enhancing fecal excretion of TC and TBA. The findings in our study suggest that palmatine could be a potential natural agent for treating hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, Guizhou, China
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Cheng LL, Wang YJ, Huang DH, Yao SD, Ding GJ, Wang SL, Jiao Z. Radiolysis and photolysis studies on active transient species of berberine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:670-676. [PMID: 24582336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the photochemical and photobiological characters of the active radicals of berberine (BBR) was investigated for finding an efficient and safe photosensitizer with highly active transient products using in Photodynamic therapy (PDT) study. The active species of BBR was generated and identified by using pulse radiolysis method. In neutral aqueous solution, BBR react with hydrated electron and hydroxyl radical, forming the radical anion and neutral radical of BBR, and the related reaction rates were determined as 3.5×10(10) and 6.7×10(9) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. Further, the capability of BBR to photosensitize DNA cleavage was testified by laser flash photolysis (LFP) method, the results demonstrated that BBR neutral radical could react with guanine mononucleotide (K=1.9×10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) via electron transfer to give the guanine neutral radical. Additionally BBR selective cleavage single and double strand DNA at guanine moiety was observed. Finally, combining with the thermodynamic calculation, the possible photodamage mechanism of dGMP and DNA induced by BBR was clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Da-Hong Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Si-De Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guo-Ji Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shi-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zheng Jiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Chen H, Zhou CH, Yang J. A modified rat model of exercise-induced renal injury and the protective effects of losartan and yishen huanji decoction. Ren Fail 2013; 35:951-7. [PMID: 23815502 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.808536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We modified a rat model of exercise-induced renal injury by forcing 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (the MOD group) running on a treadmill for 8 weeks under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, bearing weight with some additional stimulations. Compared with the control (CON) group, the traditional running group (TRA), the losartan potassium intervention running group (LOS) and the traditional Chinese medicine "Yishen Huanji Decoction" intervention running group (CHI), the urinary, biochemistry indicators, the concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) were significantly higher in the MOD group than in the TRA group. After 3--4 weeks and 8-week training program, the 24-h urine protein and NAG levels in the LOS group and CHI group were lower than in the MOD group respectively. The BUN and SCr levels in the CHI group were lower than in the MOD group and higher than in the LOS group. AngII concentrations in the LOS group were higher than the MOD group. The modified rat renal injury model induced greater lesions than the traditional model. High temperatures, humidity and weight bearing were critical factors to induce Ang II activation, which can aggravate renal injury. Losartan potassium and the "Yishen Huanji Decoction" can protect against renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
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Cheng LL, Wang M, Wu MH, Yao SD, Jiao Z, Wang SL. Interaction mechanism between berberine and the enzyme lysozyme. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:209-214. [PMID: 22765939 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, the interaction between model protein lysozyme (Lys) and antitumorigenic berberine (BBR) was investigated by spectroscopic methods, for finding an efficient and safe photosensitizer with highly active transient products using in photodynamic therapy study. The fluorescence data shows that the binding of BBR could change the environment of the tryptophan (Trp) residues of Lys, and form a new complex. Static quenching is the main fluorescence quenching mechanism between Lys and BBR, and there is one binding site in Lys for BBR and the type of binding force between them was determined to be hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the possible interaction mechanism between BBR and Lys under the photoexcitation was studied by laser flash photolysis method, the results demonstrated that BBR neutral radicals (BBR(-H)) react with Trp (K=3.4×10(9)M(-1)s(-1)) via electron transfer to give the radical cation (Trp/NH(+)) and neutral radical of Trp (TrpN). Additionally BBR selectively oxidize the Trp residues of Lys was also observed by comparing the transient absorption spectra of their reaction products. Through thermodynamic calculation, the reaction mechanisms between (3)BBR and Trp or Lys were determined to be electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Cheng
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Chahine J, Saffon N, Cantuel M, Fery-Forgues S. Spontaneous formation of fluorescent nanofibers and reticulated solid from berberine palmitate: a new example of aggregation-induced emission enhancement in organic ion pairs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2844-2853. [PMID: 21338124 DOI: 10.1021/la104302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The salt formed between the large aromatic berberine cation and the long-chain palmitate anion was synthesized and used to prepare aqueous suspensions of particles owing to a solvent-exchange method. Under these conditions, elongated particles were readily obtained. They were studied by transmission microscopy with polarized light, as well as by fluorescence and electron microscopy. They were shown to be probably crystallized nanofibers, which were stable in suspension. Unexpectedly, upon filtration and drying, these fibers evolved to give a reticulated solid. The fluorescence properties of the compound were analyzed in solution, in aqueous suspension and in the powder crystalline state. Interestingly, berberine palmitate is virtually not fluorescent in aqueous solution because of the quenching effect of water, but transition to the solid state was accompanied by a strong increase in fluorescence intensity. This phenomenon was explained by the original molecular arrangement in the solid state. Actually, in the crystal, the anions form a distinct layer, which limits parallel-stacking of the fluorescent cations. Moreover, the berberine cations are protected from the access of water molecules, and so no quenching effect can take place. This example confirms that the newly introduced concept of ion-pair aggregation-induced fluorescence enhancement can be extended to a variety of structures. It also shows the interest of ion pairs for preparing fluorescent nanofibers and reticulated solids using a solvent-exchange method that is particularly easy to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chahine
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul Sabatier , 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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Görner H, Miskolczy Z, Megyesi M, Biczók L. Photoreduction and Ketone-sensitized Reduction of Alkaloids. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:284-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patro BS, Maity B, Chattopadhyay S. Topoisomerase inhibitor coralyne photosensitizes DNA, leading to elicitation of Chk2-dependent S-phase checkpoint and p53-independent apoptosis in cancer cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:945-60. [PMID: 19922265 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of synergism between the topoisomerase inhibition by coralyne and its DNA photonicking properties being used to kill cancer cells was explored. Compared with coralyne alone, the CUVA treatment dramatically enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis in cells. Despite causing an increased p53 expression, the CUVA treatment led to p53-independent apoptosis, causing almost similar cell death in wild-type, p53 mutant, and p53-silenced tumor cells. Expression of the p53-regulated downstream proteins like p21, and DNA-damage-dependent p53 phosphorylation at serine-15 residue also was not elicited by the CUVA treatment, at a low coralyne concentration. Instead, it led to an immediate activation of the Chk2-mediated S-phase arrest, despite activating PARP protein for DNA repair. The S-phase arrest subsequently ensures apoptosis through activation of caspases-3 and -9, the latter being reflected from the results with a specific caspase-9 inhibitor. Abrogation of Chk2 activity by shRNA or by using ATM-specific inhibitor (ATMi) led to a defective S-phase checkpoint and further augmentation in apoptosis. However, at a high coralyne concentration, the CUVA-induced apoptosis followed multiple and independent pathways, involving several caspases. The CUVA treatment may represent a novel mechanism-based protocol for increasing the efficacy of coralyne in inducing apoptosis in both p53 wild-type and mutant tumor cells.
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Fu H, Liu LG, Peng JP, Leng WC, Yang J, Jin Q. Transcriptional profile of the Shigella flexneri response to an alkaloid: berberine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 303:169-75. [PMID: 20030725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid found in many medicinal herbs, has been shown to be active against a variety of microbial infections. To examine the potential effects of berberine on Shigella flexneri, a whole-genome DNA microarray was constructed and a transcriptome analysis of the cellular responses of S. flexneri when exposed to berberine chloride (BC) was performed. Our data revealed that BC upregulated a group of genes involved in DNA replication, repair and division. Intriguingly, the expression of many genes related to cell envelope biogenesis was increased. In addition, many genes involved in cell secretion, nucleotide metabolism, translation, fatty acid metabolism and the virulence system were also induced by the drug. However, more genes from the functional classes of carbohydrate metabolism, energy production and conversion as well as amino acid metabolism were significantly repressed than were induced. These results provide a comprehensive view of the changes in gene expression when S. flexneri was exposed to BC, and shed light on its complicated effects on this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cheng L, Wang M, Zhao P, Zhu H, Zhu R, Sun X, Yao S, Wang S. The examination of berberine excited state by laser flash photolysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 73:268-272. [PMID: 19269887 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The property of the excited triplet state of berberine (BBR) was investigated by using time-resolved laser flash photolysis of 355 nm in acetonitrile. The transient absorption spectra of the excited triplet BBR were obtained in acetonitrile, which have an absorption maximum at 420 nm. And the ratio of excitation to ionization of BBR in acetonitrile solvent was calculated. The self-decay and self-quenching rate constants, and the absorption coefficient of (3)BBR* were investigated and the excited state quantum yield was determined. Furthermore utilizing the benzophenone (BEN) as a triplet sensitizer, and the beta-carotene (Car) as an excited energy transfer acceptor, the assignment of (3)BBR* was further confirmed and the related energy transfer rate constants were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Kim JD, Kang IJ, Park J, Yi JS, Kim JK, Bae YS, Won MH. Antiinflammatory effect of the ethanol extract of Berberis koreana in a gerbil model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1527-32. [PMID: 18688884 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Berberis koreana extract (BE) has a strong neuroprotective effect after ischemic stroke in gerbils, which is associated with the inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. The present study examined the antiinflammatory mechanism of BE after ischemic damage in vitro and in vivo. The BE used contained on average 7.39 +/- 0.78 mg/g of berberine. In PC12 cells with inflammation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was significantly reduced by BE. About 75% of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils exposed to 5 min of transient ischemia were protected from ischemic damage by BE. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoreactivity and its protein level in the CA1 region of vehicle-treated animals exposed to an ischemic insult increased with time post-ischemia, whereas no such changes were observed in BE-treated animals exposed to ischemia. PGE2 production in BE-treated ischemic animals was significantly lower than that observed in vehicle-treated ischemic animals. Summarizing, the potent neuroprotective effect of BE was found to be due to the inhibitions of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production and its antiinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Grycová L, Dostál J, Marek R. Quaternary protoberberine alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:150-75. [PMID: 17109902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reviews some general aspects of the quaternary iminium protoberberine alkaloids. The alkaloids represent a very extensive group of secondary metabolites with diverse structures, distribution in nature, and biological effects. The quaternary protoberberine alkaloids (QPA), derived from the 5,6-dihydrodibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium system, belong to a large class of isoquinoline alkaloids. Following a general introduction, the plant sources of QPA, their biosynthesis, and procedures for their isolation are discussed. Analytical methods and spectral data are summarized with emphasis on NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of QPA is characterized by the sensitivity of the iminium bond CN(+) to nucleophilic attack. The addition of various nucleophiles to the protoberberine skeleton is discussed. An extended discussion of the principal chemical reactivity is included since this governs interactions with biological targets. Quaternary protoberberine alkaloids and some related compounds exhibit considerable biological activities. Recently reported structural studies indicate that the QPA interact with nucleic acids predominantly as intercalators or minor groove binders. Currently, investigations in many laboratories worldwide are focused on the antibacterial and antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity, and potential genotoxicity of QPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Grycová
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Protoberberine Alkaloids: Physicochemical and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2007_071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jantová S, Letasiová S, Brezová V, Cipák L, Lábaj J. Photochemical and phototoxic activity of berberine on murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 85:163-76. [PMID: 16905326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates photoinduced generation of superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen upon UVA irradiation of berberine chloride, and its cytotoxic/phototoxic effects on murine fibroblast non-cancer NIH-3T3 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The EPR spectra monitored upon photoexcitation of aerated solutions of berberine evidenced the efficient activation of molecular oxygen via Type I and II mechanisms, as the generation of superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen was observed. The EAC cell line was more sensitive to the effect of non-photoactivated and photoactivated berberine than the NIH-3T3 cell line. UVA irradiation increased the sensitivity of EAC cells to berberine, while the sensitivity of NIH-3T3 cells to photoactivated berberine was not changed. Berberine significantly induced direct DNA strand breaks in tested cells, oxidative lesions were not detected, and the effect of irradiation of cells after berberine treatment did not affect the increase of DNA damage in EAC and NIH-3T3 cells. The DNA damage generated by a combination of berberine with UVA irradiation induced a significant blockage of EAC cells in the S and G(2)/M phases and the stopping/decrease of cell proliferation after 24h of influence. On the other hand, after 36h or 48h of berberine treatment, the DNA damage induced necrotic or apoptotic death of EAC cells. Whether these divergences are caused by differences in the properties of two non-isogenic cell lines or by different berberine uptake and cell localization will be analyzed in our further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Jantová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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