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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Guo R, Zhou Q, Wang L, Xiang X, Ge S, Cui Z. Network pharmacology to explore the molecular mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris for treating thyroid cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34871. [PMID: 37960775 PMCID: PMC10637567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy that has rapidly increased in global incidence. Prunella vulgaris (PV) has manifested therapeutic effects in patients with TC. We aimed to investigate its molecular mechanisms against TC and provide potential drug targets by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The ingredients of PV were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database. TC-related gene sets were established using the GeneCard and OMIM databases. The establishment of the TC-PV target gene interaction network was accomplished using the STRING database. Cytoscape constructed networks for visualization. Protein-protein interaction, gene ontology and the biological pathway Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses were performed to discover the potential mechanism. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the effective compounds from PV for treating TC. RESULTS 11 active compounds and 192 target genes were screened from PV. 177 potential targets were obtained by intersecting PV and TC gene sets. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the PV active ingredients including Vulgaxanthin-I, quercetin, Morin, Stigmasterol, poriferasterol monoglucoside, Spinasterol, kaempferol, delphinidin, stigmast-7-enol, beta-sitosterol and luteolin showed better correlation with TC target genes such as JUN, AKT1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, IL-6 and RELA. The gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes indicated that PV can act by regulating the host defense and response to oxidative stress immune response and several signaling pathways are closely associated with TC, such as the TNF and IL-17. Protein-protein interaction network identified 8 hub genes. The molecular docking was conducted on the most significant gene MYC. Eleven active compounds of PV can enter the active pocket of MYC, namely poriferasterol monoglucoside, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, vulgaxanthin-I, spinasterol, stigmast-7-enol, luteolin, delphinidin, morin, quercetin and kaempferol. Further analysis showed that oriferasterol monoglucoside, followed by tigmasterol, were the potential therapeutic compound identified in PV for the treatment of TC. CONCLUSION The network pharmacological strategy integrates molecular docking to unravel the molecular mechanism of PV. MYC is a promising drug target to reduce oxidative stress damage and potential anti-tumor effect. Oriferasterol monoglucoside and kaempferol were 2 bioactive compounds of PV to treat TC. This provides a basis to understand the mechanism of the anti-TC activity of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Oncology Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Oncology Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qijun Zhou
- Basic Medical College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lianzhi Wang
- Basic Medical College of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingyan Xiang
- Oncology Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sitong Ge
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhezhu Cui
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
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Li P, Lv X, Wang J, Zhang C, Zhao J, Yang Y. Research on the anti-ageing mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12398. [PMID: 37524842 PMCID: PMC10390563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) has long been considered to have antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, lowering blood lipids and pressure. Many studies show that in addition to the traditional telomere attrition, DNA damage and epigenetic changes, immunosenescence is also a new possibility to explore the mechanism of ageing. Therefore, this herb may have potential anti-ageing effects. Typically, there are a series of markers that identify senescent cells, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, an inhibitor of CDK4 (p16INK4A), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, immune cells number, proliferation, and nuclear abnormalities. These changes rarely present in young tissues, while greatly increasing in response to ageing. Firstly, the ageing model of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse was established by D-galactose subcutaneous injection. Then, SOD2, p16INK4A and TNF-α were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR), Western Blot (WB) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Simultaneously, senescent cells in livers were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The viability of splenocytes was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8). The difference in specific immune cells (NK cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes) was detected by flow cytometry. Both low (100 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) concentrations of P. vulgaris treated ageing ICR mice show anti-ageing alterations, such as p16INK4A decreased approximately 1/2 and SOD2 tripled in livers, TNF-α decreased from 1 to 0.6 in plasma, and T cells increased from 0.09 to 0.19%. Compared with the ageing group, the spleen cells in the Prunella-treated group had stronger proliferation ability. Thus, P. vulgaris could have an anti-ageing effect. This is the first study to demonstrate the anti-ageing effect of P. vulgaris. It may also be capable of preventing a variety of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China.
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Ahmad N, Muhammad J, Khan K, Ali W, Fazal H, Ali M, Rahman LU, Khan H, Uddin MN, Abbasi BH, Hano C. Silver and gold nanoparticles induced differential antimicrobial potential in calli cultures of Prunella vulgaris. BMC Chem 2022; 16:20. [PMID: 35337384 PMCID: PMC8957128 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prunella vulgaris is medicinally important plant containing high-valued chemical metabolites like Prunellin which belong to family Lamiaceae and it is also known as self-heal. In this research, calli culture were exposed to differential ratios of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1) along with naphthalene acetic acid (2.0 mg NAA) to investigate its antimicrobial potential. A well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial properties. Results Here, two concentrations (1 and 2 mg/6 µl) of all treated calli cultures and wild plants were used against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia caratovora and Candida albicans. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls. Here, the calli exposed to gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) and 2.0 mg naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) displayed the highest activity (25.7 mm) against Salmonella typhi than other extracts, which was considered the most susceptible species, while Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Candida albicans was the most resistance species. A possible mechanism of calli induced nanoparticles was also investigated for cytoplasmic leakage. Conclusion From the above data it is concluded that Prunella vulgaris is medicinally important plant for the development of anti-microbial drugs using nanotechnology and applicable in various pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
| | - Jan Muhammad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Hina Fazal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Latif-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nazir Uddin
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Université d'Orléans, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, 28000, Chartres, France
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Prunella vulgaris can improve the pregnancy outcomes of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats by inhibiting Th1/Th17 immune responses. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103469. [PMID: 34979369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), one of the most common autoimmune diseases among women of reproductive age, is closely associated with reproductive failure and other obstetric complications. However, effective clinical strategies for the management of pregnant women with AIT are limited. It has been shown that Prunella vulgaris (PV), a traditional herbal medicine, can ameliorate AIT and other common thyroid disorders. Therefore, using an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rat model, we investigated the potential effects of PV on AIT-related pregnancy outcomes. According to the administered dose of PV, EAT rats were randomly divided into the untreated EAT and PV-treated EAT groups. We found that thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody serum levels and the inflammatory infiltration of the thyroid were reduced in all PV-treated groups. Increased splenic Tgfb1 mRNA levels and Treg cell proportions were associated with decreased Th1/Th17 cell proportions, and Ifng mRNA levels were reduced in rats that received low and medium doses of PV. Moreover, in the low-dose PV group, fetal development retardation and placental injuries were reversed. Overall, our findings indicated that PV could alleviate AIT and improve pregnancy outcomes in EAT rats by downregulating Th1/Th17 immune responses and inducing Treg cell proliferation.
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Wang SJ, Wang XH, Dai YY, Ma MH, Rahman K, Nian H, Zhang H. Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:359-369. [PMID: 30864498 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190313121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in the northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and a majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 751100, China
| | - Xiao-He Wang
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Dai
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Nian
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Du D, Lu Y, Cheng Z, Chen D. Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:345-353. [PMID: 27566209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogenous polysaccharides from this herb and to evaluate their anticomplement activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). The preliminary mechanism for the complement activation cascade was also assessed. RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Du
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Jeon SJ, Park HJ, Gao Q, Pena IJD, Park SJ, Lee HE, Woo H, Kim HJ, Cheong JH, Hong E, Ryu JH. Ursolic acid enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via GABAergic neurotransmission in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:443-8. [PMID: 26102564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is widely used as a herbal medicine for cancers, inflammatory diseases, and other infections. Although it has long been used, few studies have examined its effects on central nervous system function. Here, we first observed that ethanolic extracts of P. vulgaris (EEPV) prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep duration in mice. It is known that EEPV consists of many active components including triterpenoid (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), which have many biological activities. Therefore, we evaluated which EEPV components induced sleep extension in pentobarbital-mediated sleeping model in mice. Surprisingly, despite their structural similarity and other common functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and tissue protection, only ursolic acid enhanced sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice. These results were attenuated by bicuculline treatment, which is a GABAA receptor antagonist. The present results suggest that ursolic acid from P. vulgaris enhances sleep duration through GABAA receptor activation and could be a therapeutic candidate for insomnia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Joy Dela Pena
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Hong
- Natraceutical & Functional Foods Center, CJ Foods R&D, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Prunella Vulgaris (P. vulgaris) on the immune function in mice. The mice were randomly divided into one control group and three treatment groups of 10 mice each. The control group received pure water and the treatment groups received P. vulgaris extract at concentrations of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.90 g/kg BW orally for 30 days, respectively. Changes in cell immune function, non-specific immunity and humoral immunity function were evaluated. Active lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Certain Serum concentrations of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that, for cell immune function, compared with the control group, foot pad thickness in high dose group increased significantly (p<0.01), whereas no significant difference in the proliferative ability of splenic lymphocytes was observed among all groups (p>0.05). For non-specific immunity, NK cell activity increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in P. vulgaris treated mice (p<0.01), mononuclear-macrophage function in medium and high dose P. vulgaris treated mice were significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). For humoral immunity, no significant differences were observed in terms of the half value of hemolysis (HC50), number of hemolytic plaques and serum IgG level (p>0.05). The percentage of active T and Th lymphocytes of mice peripheral blood in high dose group were significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ among all of the four groups (p>0.05). The data indicated that 0.90 g/kg BW P. vulgaris extract (equivalent to 7.5 g/kg BW crude drug) had some effect on cellular immune function and non-specific immune function in mice.
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Antioxidant activities of total phenols of Prunella vulgaris L. in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice. Molecules 2010; 15:9145-56. [PMID: 21150830 PMCID: PMC6259167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV, Labiatae) is known as a self-heal herb. The different extracts of dried spikes were studied for the best antioxidant active compounds. The 60% ethanol extract (P-60) showed strong antioxidant activity based on the results of 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS˙+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay methods. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC/MS analysis showed that the main active compounds in P-60 were phenols, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin and quercetin. Total phenols were highly correlated with the antioxidant activity (R2=0.9988 in ABTS˙+; 0.6284 in DPPH and 0.9673 FRAP tests). P-60 could inhibit significantly the tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. It can also been showed that increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that P-60 extract had high antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo and total phenols played an important role in antioxidant activity for inhibition of tumor growth.
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Xia N, Bollinger L, Steinkamp-Fenske K, Förstermann U, Li H. Prunella vulgaris L. Upregulates eNOS expression in human endothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 38:599-611. [PMID: 20503475 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purported effects of "circulation-improving" herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) show striking similarities with the vascular actions of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). We have previously reported that Salviae miltiorrhizae radix and Zizyphi spinosae semen upregulate eNOS expression. In the present study, we studied the effect on eNOS gene expression of 15 Chinese herbs with potential effects on the vasculature, and identified Prunella vulgaris L. (PVL) (flowering spike) as a potent eNOS-upregulating agent. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), an aqueous extract of PVL increased eNOS promoter activity, eNOS mRNA and protein expressions, as well as NO production in concentration- and time-dependent manners. We have previously shown that ursolic acid (a constituent of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix), betulinic acid (a compound present in Zizyphi spinosae semen), luteolin and cynaroside (ingredients of artichoke, Cynara scolymus L.) are capable of enhancing eNOS gene expression. These compounds are also present in significant quantities in PVL. Thus, PVL contains active principles that stimulate human eNOS gene expression, and such compounds may have therapeutic potential against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Identification of two polysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris L. and evaluation on their anti-lung adenocarcinoma activity. Molecules 2010; 15:5093-103. [PMID: 20714287 PMCID: PMC6257780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) has been used for tumor therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries, however, systematic research on extracted PV polysaccharides believed to possess various biological activities, as well as their preventive and anti-tumor effects on lung cancer has not been reported. In this study, two polysaccharides (P31 and P32) were isolated from the aqueous extract of PV and purified through ethanol precipitation, followed by deproteination using DEAE-52 gel-filtration chromatography. The main monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide P32 was analyzed by GC. It was found that polysaccharide P32 consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.46:49.32:58.91:0.43:2.64: 3.11, respectively. In order to evaluate polysaccharide P32’s anti-lung adenocarcinoma activities and immunomodulation effects, a C57BL/6 mouse-Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model was established and investigated. Our results showed that polysaccharides of PV had anti-lung cancer activity and could increase the thymus index and the spleen index in tumor-bearing mice, suggesting possible immunomodulation effects.
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Underwood JR, Chivers M, Dang TT, Licciardi PV. Stimulation of tetanus toxoid-specific immune responses by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Vaccine 2009; 27:6634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zdarilová A, Svobodová A, Simánek V, Ulrichová J. Prunella vulgaris extract and rosmarinic acid suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced alteration in human gingival fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:386-92. [PMID: 19159670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the tooth-supporting tissues. The inflammation is initiated by a group of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. These express a number of irritating factors including a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays a key role in periodontal disease development. Plant extracts with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties have been shown to inhibit bacterial plaque formation and thus prevent chronic gingivitis. In this study we tested effects of Prunella vulgaris L. extract (PVE; 5, 10, 25microg/ml) and its component rosmarinic acid (RA; 1microg/ml) on LPS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. PVE and RA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion as well as lipid peroxidation in LPS-treated cells. Treatment with PVE and RA also inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results indicate that PVE and RA are able to suppress LPS-induced biological changes in gingival fibroblasts. The effects of PVE and RA are presumably linked to their anti-inflammatory activities and thus use of PVE and RA may be relevant in modulating the inflammation process, including periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zdarilová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hnevotínská 3, Palacký University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Valentová K, Truong NT, Moncion A, de Waziers I, Ulrichová J. Induction of glucokinase mRNA by dietary phenolic compounds in rat liver cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7726-31. [PMID: 17715892 DOI: 10.1021/jf0712447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, including oxidative stress, are major reasons for medical intervention and one of the most frequent causes of death in developed countries. Several lines of data suggest that the use of certain dietary polyphenolic compounds may alter glucose metabolism, thus decreasing the risk for type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we present the effect of phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, rosmarinic, and ferulic) and extracts from Smallanthus sonchifolius and Prunella vulgaris on glucose production in rat hepatocytes and on glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression in rat hepatoma Fao cells. The phenolics at 500 microM and after 1 h incubation lowered glucose production via both gluconeogenesis (10 mM alanine or dihydroxyacetone as precursors) and glycogenolysis compared with metformin. Most of the phenolics increased the level of glucokinase mRNA after 24 h in the same way as insulin (10(-7) M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Valentová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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