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Arunachalam K, Matchado MS, Damazo AS, Cardoso CAL, Castro TLAD, Baranoski A, Neves SCD, Martins DTDO, Nascimento VAD, Oliveira RJ. Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Càmbess.) Eichler leaves aqueous extract improves colon inflammation through mucogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in TNBS- induced IBD rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118393. [PMID: 38801913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler, a member of the Salicaceae family, holds a prominent place in traditional medicine across various cultures due to its versatile therapeutic properties. Historically, indigenous communities have utilized different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, and roots, to address a wide array of health conditions. Traditional uses of C. sylvestris var. lingua encompasses the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the plant's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This signifies the first scientific validation report for C. sylvestris var. lingua regarding its effectiveness against ulcerative colitis. The report aims to affirm the traditional use of this plant through pre-clinical experiments. AIM OF THE RESEARCH This work uses an aqueous extract from C. sylvestris var. lingua leaves (AECs) to evaluate the acute anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rat and HT-29 (human colorectal cancer cell line) models. METHODS To determine the secondary metabolites of AECs, liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) study was carried out. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/0.25 mL EtOH 30% v/v) was used as an enema to cause acute colitis. Three days were spent giving the C. sylvestris var. lingua extract orally by gavage at dosages of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg. The same route was used to deliver distilled water to the vehicle and naïve groups. After the animals were sacrificed on the fourth day, intestinal tissues were taken for histological examination and evaluation of biochemical tests such as those measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Additionally, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were conducted on the intestinal tissues. Additionally, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of AECs on the viability of HT-29 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking study was carried out to compare some potential target proteins with identified chemicals found in AECs. RESULTS LC-DAD analysis identified five compounds (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) in AECs. Pre-administration of AECs (3; 30; 300 mg/kg) and mesalazine (500 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic scores (55%, 47%, 45%, and 52%, p < 0.001) and ulcerated areas (70.3%, 70.5%, 57%, and 56%, p < 0.001), respectively. It also increased SOD, GSH, and CAT activities (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA (p < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (p < 0.05), and MPO (p < 0.001) activities compared to the colitis group. Concerning inflammatory markers, significant modulations were observed: AECs (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) lowered levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.001) and increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001) compared to the colitis groups. The viability of HT-29 cells was suppressed by AECs with an IC50 of 195.90 ± 0.01 μg/mL (48 h). During the molecular docking analysis, quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid demonstrated consistent binding affinities, forming stable interactions with the 3w3l (TLR8) and the 3ds6 (MAPK14) complexes. CONCLUSION These results imply that the intestinal mucogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract may be involved in its therapeutic actions for ulcerative colitis. The results of the in silico study point to the possibility of quercetin and ellagic acid interacting with P38 and TLR8, respectively, in a beneficial way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Monica Steffi Matchado
- Ganga Orthopaedic Research & Education Foundation (GOREF), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Histology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Cordeiro das Neves
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
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Taha NM, Zalat RS, Khaled E, Elmansory BM. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of some essential oils in experimentally immunosuppressed mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:733-743. [PMID: 38009149 PMCID: PMC10667177 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a serious intestinal disease affecting mal-nourished children and immunocompromised individuals with severe fatal diarrhea. Our present work was done to evaluate the possible curative effects of different essential oils (Mint, Thyme, Chamomile and Basil) on Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) in vivo compared with nitazoxanide (NTZ). Seventy immunosuppressed white Albino male mice were allocated in 7 groups as follows: group I infected and not treated (Positive control), group II (GII) treated with NTZ, group III (GIII) treated with Mint essential oil, group IV (GIV) treated with Thyme essential oil, group V (GV) treated with Chamomile essential oil, group VI (GVI) treated with Basil essential oil and group VII (GVII) naïve not infected mice (Negative control). Evaluation was done using parasitological, histopatholgical, serological as well as biochemical methods. All study groups revealed significant reduction (P value < 0.01) in the mean number of C. parvum oocysts in stool. Results of GII were the best with 87.7% reduction in the oocysts count followed by GIII (77.9%), GIV (74.7%), GVI (68.2%) and lastly GV (67.2%). Improvement of the histopathological damage in the small intestine was shown in treated groups. All treated mice showed significant upregulation in the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels, significant reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P value < 0.0001). It is concluded that Mint, Thyme, Chamomile and Basil oils showed promising anti-cryptosporidial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Madbouly Taha
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Sayed Zalat
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Khaled
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma M. Elmansory
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Soussi M, El Yaagoubi W, Nekhla H, El Hanafi L, Squalli W, Benjelloun M, El Ghadraoui L. A Multidimensional Review of Pimpinella anisum and Recommendation for Future Research to Face Adverse Climatic Conditions. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [PMCID: PMC10035495 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Anise, or Pimpinella anisum, has a long history of usage in traditional and alternative medicine, as well as in the pharmaceutical sector. The species is native to Southwest Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean region. The current studies have revealed that wild and cultivated P. anisum are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenols, tannins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. Different parts of P. anisum plant are used treatment of diseases, the treatment of pathogens for antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal purposes, and cosmetics. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge on geographical distribution, cultivation, chemical compounds, extraction methods, and agronomic and medicinal uses of Pimpinella anisum. Equally, we suggested guidelines for future research to fill the gap in less investigated issues. Data for this paper was gathered via electronic literature search on Google, Google Scholar, and databases counting, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, PubMed, and Hindawi, from 1930 to 2022. Analyzed data show that Pimpinella anisum is currently recorded from Portugal on the Atlantic Ocean in the west to China in the East. With new extraction methods, such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, scientists have explored the higher quantities of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, and revealed new constituents such as trans-anethole and estragole found in essential oil fruits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). These compounds showed significant therapeutic benefits against diseases, pathogens, and cosmetic roles. However, with the current impacts of climate change on natural vegetation cover, more investigations are needed to understand how these affect the geographical distribution, metabolic aspects, and chemical properties of Pimpinella anisum. These are suggested to increase the value of the species and ensure its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Soussi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Wissal El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Houria Nekhla
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila El Hanafi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Wafae Squalli
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryem Benjelloun
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Grgić F, Jurina T, Valinger D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Jurinjak Tušek A, Benković M. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics and Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Prediction of Emulsion Droplet Diameters. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13111876. [PMID: 36363897 PMCID: PMC9695841 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is increased interest in the food industry for emulsions as delivery systems to preserve the stability of sensitive biocompounds with the aim of improving their bioavailability, solubility, and stability; maintaining their texture; and controlling their release. Emulsification in continuously operated microscale devices enables the production of emulsions of controllable droplet sizes and reduces the amount of emulsifier and time consumption, while NIR, as a nondestructive, noninvasive, fast, and efficient technique, represents an interesting aspect for emulsion investigation. The aim of this work was to predict the average Feret droplet diameter of oil-in-water and oil-in-aqueous mint extract emulsions prepared in a continuously operated microfluidic device with different emulsifiers (PEG 1500, PEG 6000, and PEG 20,000) based on the combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectra with chemometrics (principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. PCA score plots for average preprocessed NIR spectra show the specific grouping of the samples into three groups according to the emulsifier used, while the PCA analysis of the emulsion samples with different emulsifiers showed the specific grouping of the samples based on the amount of emulsifier used. The developed PLS models had higher R2 values for oil-in-water emulsions, ranging from 0.6863 to 0.9692 for calibration, 0.5617 to 0.8740 for validation, and 0.4618 to 0.8692 for prediction, than oil-in-aqueous mint extract emulsions, with R2 values that were in range of 0.8109-0.8934 for calibration, 0.5017-0.6620, for validation and 0.5587-0.7234 for prediction. Better results were obtained for the developed nonlinear ANN models, which showed R2 values in the range of 0.9428-0.9917 for training, 0.8515-0.9294 for testing, and 0.7377-0.8533 for the validation of oil-in-water emulsions, while for oil-in-aqueous mint extract emulsions R2 values were higher, in the range of 0.9516-0.9996 for training, 0.9311-0.9994 for testing, and 0.8113-0.9995 for validation.
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Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity and LC-MS/MS Compositional Alkaloid Determination of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flowers. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070475. [PMID: 35878213 PMCID: PMC9316831 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to cure a range of diseases. There has been no thorough investigation of the potential toxicity of this plant. The objective of this study is to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of D. ambrosioides hydroethanolic extract (DAHE), as well as it alkaloids composition, utilizing LC-MS/MS analysis. An in silico approach was applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and to predict the toxicity of D. ambrosioides identified alkaloids. A 14-day treatment with a single oral dose of 1–7 g/kg was carried out to investigate acute toxicity. DAHE was given orally at dosages of 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg for 15 days in the subacute toxicity investigation, and body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Livers, kidneys, lungs, and heart were examined histologically. Chromatographic investigation revealed the existence of nine alkaloids, with N-formylnorgalanthamine being the most prevalent. The oral LD50 value of DAHE was found to be 5000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity study. No variations were observed with respect to food intake, water consumption, mortality, or body and organ weight in the subacute toxicity study. On the other hand, DAHE (500 mg/kg) significantly enhanced alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea. Liver and kidney histological examinations revealed modest infiltration of hepatocyte trabeculae by inflammatory cells in the liver and slight alteration in the kidney histoarchitecture. According to our findings, DAHE exhibits low to moderate toxicity.
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Response Surface Optimization for Antioxidant Extraction and Attributes Liking from Roasted Rice Germ Flavored Herbal Tea. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal process conditions when examining the antioxidant potential, total polyphenol content, and attribute liking in roasted rice germ flavored herbal tea were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The influence upon the extraction process of time and temperature was assessed using a full factorial design on three levels with two variables (32), involving five central point replicates. Extraction temperature (70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C) and extraction time (3 min, 4.5 min, and 6 min) served as independent variables, while the dependent variables were allocated to the regression equation to determine antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.941) along with total polyphenol content (R2 = 0.849), flavor liking score (R2 = 0.758), and overall liking score (R2 = 0.816). Following experimentation, it was determined that the optimal time and temperature conditions to maximize total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, flavor, and overall liking score were in a range of 86 °C to 90 °C for 3.4 min to 5.9 min. When these conditions were imposed, the antioxidant potential, total polyphenol content, flavor, and overall liking score were >70% for DPPH scavenging activity, >75 mgGAE/g, >6.7 (like moderately), and >6.5 (like moderately), respectively.
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Lanuza F, Zamora-Ros R, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Labraña AM, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Nazar G, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ulloa N, Lasserre-Laso N, Parra-Soto S, Martorell M, Villagrán M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Andrés-Lacueva C, Celis-Morales C. Advances in Polyphenol Research from Chile: A Literature Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lanuza
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Troncoso-Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Labraña
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, y Centro de Vida Saludable. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - K Ramírez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Ulloa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - S Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Martorell
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - DF Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - C Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Elgueta E, Mena J, Orihuela PA. Hydroethanolic Extracts of Haplopappus baylahuen Remy and Aloysia citriodora Palau Have Bactericide Activity and Inhibit the Ability of Salmonella Enteritidis to Form Biofilm and Adhere to Human Intestinal Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3491831. [PMID: 33575326 PMCID: PMC7857884 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3491831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We analysed whether the hydroethanolic extracts from leaves of Haplopappus baylahuen Remy (bailahuen) and Aloysia citriodora Palau (cedron) inhibit the growth and ability of Salmonella Enteritidis to form biofilms and to adhere to human intestinal epithelial cells. Herein, we first determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts. Then, Salmonella Enteritidis was treated with the extracts to analyse biofilm formation by scanning electronic microscopy and the violet crystal test. We also measured the efflux pump activity of Salmonella Enteritidis since biofilm formation is associated with this phenomenon. Furthermore, the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 was infected with Salmonella Enteritidis pretreated with the extracts, and 30 min later, the number of bacteria that adhered to the cell surface was quantified. Finally, we determined by qPCR the expression of genes associated with biofilm formation, namely, the diguanilate cyclase AdrA protein gene (adrA) and the BapA protein gene (bapA), and genes associated with adhesion, namely, the transcriptional regulator HilA (hilA). The phenolic content and antioxidant and bactericide activities were higher in bailahuen than in the cedron extract. Biofilm formation was inhibited by the extracts in a dose-dependent manner, while the activity of efflux pumps was decreased only with the cedron extract. Adhesion to Caco-2 cells was also inhibited without differences between doses and extracts. The extracts decreased the expression of adrA; with the cedron extract being the most efficient. The expression of hilA is affected only with the cedron extract. We concluded that hydroethanolic extracts of bailahuen and cedron differentially inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis and affect its the ability to form biofilms and to adhere to human intestinal epithelial cells. These results highlight the presence of molecules in bailahuen and cedron with a high potential for the control of the Salmonella Enteritidis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Elgueta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Mena
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A. Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hwang S, Kim JK, Kim IH, Lim YH. Inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Ramulus mori
on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and their antioxidant activity. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonwook Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Keun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Korea Polytechnic University; Shihung-si Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research; Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Korea University Guro Hospital; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Di Cerbo A, Sechi S, Canello S, Guidetti G, Fiore F, Cocco R. Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28117795 PMCID: PMC5407696 DOI: 10.3791/54878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, the traditional ways to monitor behavioral changes in dogs are complicated and not efficient. In the current clinical evaluation, a new, simple monitoring system was used to assess the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the intense and restless activity of 24 dogs of different ages and breeds. This protocol describes how to easily and rapidly evaluate improvement in a set of symptoms related to generalized anxiety by using a specific sensor, a mobile phone app, a wireless router, and a computer. The results showed that dogs treated with specific diets showed significant improvement in the times spent active and at rest after 10 days (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). These dogs also showed an overall significant improvement in clinical and behavioral symptoms. A specific sensor, along with its related hardware, was demonstrated to successfully monitor behavioral changes relating to movement in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University;
| | - Sara Sechi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Veterinary Clinic Section, University of Sassari
| | | | | | - Filippo Fiore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Veterinary Clinic Section, University of Sassari
| | - Raffaella Cocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Veterinary Clinic Section, University of Sassari
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12
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Phenolic profiling of the South American "Baylahuen" tea (Haplopappus spp., Asteraceae) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Molecules 2015; 20:913-28. [PMID: 25580687 PMCID: PMC6272720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial parts of several Haplopappus species (Asteraceae), known under the common name "baylahuen", are used as herbal teas in Chile and Argentina. In Chile, "baylahuen" comprises H. multifolius, H. taeda, H. baylahuen and H. rigidus. Little is known about the chemical identity of the infusion constituents in spite of widespread consumption. The aim of the present work was the characterization of phenolics occurring in the infusions and methanol extracts of "baylahuen" by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. A simple HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method was developed for the fast identification and differentiation of Haplopappus spp. used as a tea source, based on the phenolics from the tea and methanol extracts. Some 27 phenolics were tentatively identified in the infusions and methanol extract, including 10 caffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acid derivatives and 17 flavonoids. The HPLC patterns of the Haplopappus tea and methanol extract allow a clear differentiation at the species level. The occurrence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids can explain the reputed nutraceutical and health beneficial properties of this herbal tea.
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13
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Effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pretreated wild Peumus boldus leaves from Chile. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Simpson MJ, Hjelmqvist D, López-Alarcón C, Karamehmedovic N, Minehan TG, Yepremyan A, Salehani B, Lissi E, Joubert E, Udekwu KI, Alarcon EI. Anti-peroxyl radical quality and antibacterial properties of rooibos infusions and their pure glycosylated polyphenolic constituents. Molecules 2013; 18:11264-80. [PMID: 24036515 PMCID: PMC4067240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-peroxyl radical quality of two aqueous rooibos infusions and solutions of their most abundant glycosylated polyphenols was evaluated using pyrogallol red and fluorescein-based oxygen radical absorbance ratios. It was observed that the artificial infusions, prepared using only the most abundant polyphenols present in rooibos and at concentrations similar to those found in the natural infusions, showed greater antioxidant quality than the latter infusions, reaching values close to those reported for tea infusions. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the natural and artificial infusions was assessed against three species of bacteria: Gram (+) Staphylococus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram (-) Escherichia coli. When compared to the natural infusions the artificial beverages did not demonstrate any bacterostatic/cidal activity, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of rooibos is related to compounds other than the glycosylated polyphenols employed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Daisy Hjelmqvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Centre, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Nadja Karamehmedovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Centre, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas G. Minehan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Akop Yepremyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Baback Salehani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Eduardo Lissi
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH 9170022, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa
| | - Klas I. Udekwu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Centre, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
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15
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Pérez-Cruz F, Cortés C, Atala E, Bohle P, Valenzuela F, Olea-Azar C, Speisky H, Aspée A, Lissi E, López-Alarcón C, Bridi R. Use of pyrogallol red and pyranine as probes to evaluate antioxidant capacities towards hypochlorite. Molecules 2013; 18:1638-52. [PMID: 23358322 PMCID: PMC6269878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorite is a strong oxidant able to induce deleterious effects in biological systems. The goal of this work was to investigate the use of PGR and PYR as probes in assays aimed at evaluating antioxidant activities towards hypochorite and apply it to plant extracts employed in Chilean folk medicine. The consumption of PGR and PYR was evaluated from the decrease in the visible absorbance and fluorescence intensity, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteau assay. PGR and PYR react with hypochlorite with different kinetics, being considerably faster the consumption of PGR. Different stoichiometric values were also determined: 0.7 molecules of PGR and 0.33 molecules of PYR were bleached per each molecule of added hypochlorite. Both probes were protected by antioxidants, but the rate of PGR bleaching was too fast to perform a kinetic analysis. For PYR, the protection took place without changes in its initial consumption rate, suggesting a competition between the dye and the antioxidant for hypochlorite. Plant extracts protected PYR giving a PYR-HOCl index that follows the order: Fuchsia magellanica ≈ Marrubium vulgare ≈ Tagetes minuta > Chenopodium ambrosoides ≈ Satureja montana > Thymus praecox. Based on both the kinetic data and the protection afforded by pure antioxidants, we selected PYR as the best probe. The proposed methodology allows evaluating an antioxidant capacity index of plant extracts related to the reactivity of the samples towards hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pérez-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (F.P.-C.); (C.O.-A.)
| | - Contanza Cortés
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Elias Atala
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Pamela Bohle
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisco Valenzuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (F.P.-C.); (C.O.-A.)
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (F.P.-C.); (C.O.-A.)
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mail:
| | - Alexis Aspée
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (A.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Eduardo Lissi
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (A.A.); (E.L.)
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.L.-A.), (R.B.); Tel.: +56-2-2354-1580 (R.B.); Fax: +56-2-2354-4744 (R.B.)
| | - Raquel Bridi
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile; E-Mails: (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.B.); (F.V.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.L.-A.), (R.B.); Tel.: +56-2-2354-1580 (R.B.); Fax: +56-2-2354-4744 (R.B.)
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16
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Mitoshi M, Kuriyama I, Nakayama H, Miyazato H, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi Y, Jippo T, Kanazawa K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Effects of essential oils from herbal plants and citrus fruits on DNA polymerase inhibitory, cancer cell growth inhibitory, antiallergic, and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11343-11350. [PMID: 23088772 DOI: 10.1021/jf303377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biological activity of 20 essential oils (EOs) from herbal plants and citrus fruits were investigated in terms of mammalian DNA polymerase (pol) inhibitory activity, cancer cell (human colon carcinoma, HCT116) growth inhibitory activity, antiallergic activity, as anti-β-hexosaminidase release activity in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells treated with calcium ionophore A23187, and antioxidant activity by a lipophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. These EOs showed patterns of inhibition of pol α, a DNA replicative pol, similar to their cancer cell growth inhibitory activity, and their inhibitory activity on pol λ, a DNA repair/recombination pol, by the EOs showed correlation with anti-β-hexosaminidase release activity. Among these EOs, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) was the strongest inhibitor of pols α and λ and showed significant effects on both cancer cell growth and mast cell degranulation. On the basis of these results, chamomile EO can be recommended as a potentially useful, bioactive candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mitoshi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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17
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Saeed IA, Ali L, Jabeen A, Khasawneh M, Rizvi TA, Ashraf SS. Estrogenic Activities of Ten Medicinal Herbs from the Middle East. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:33-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Bhaskaran N, Srivastava JK, Shukla S, Gupta S. Chamomile confers protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity through activation of Nrf2-mediated defense response. Phytother Res 2012; 27:118-25. [PMID: 22511316 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of various human diseases. Aqueous chamomile extract is used as herbal medicine, in the form of tea, demonstrated to possess antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We demonstrate the cytoprotective effects of chamomile on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cellular damage in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of cells with chamomile markedly attenuated H₂O₂-induced cell viability loss in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms by which chamomile-protected macrophages from oxidative stress was through the induction of several antioxidant enzymes including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and increase nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and its binding to antioxidant response elements. Furthermore, chamomile dose-dependently reduced H₂O₂-mediated increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that chamomile has protective effects against oxidative stress and might be beneficial to provide defense against cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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19
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Shojaii A, Abdollahi Fard M. Review of Pharmacological Properties and Chemical Constituents of Pimpinella anisum. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:510795. [PMID: 22848853 PMCID: PMC3405664 DOI: 10.5402/2012/510795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Pimpinella anisum (anise), belonging to Umbelliferae family, is an aromatic plant which has been used In Iranian traditional medicine (especially its fruits) as carminative, aromatic, disinfectant, and galactagogue. Because the wide traditional usage of Pimpinella anisum for treatment of diseases, in this review published scientific reports about the composition and pharmacological properties of this plant were collected with electronic literature search of GoogleScholar, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, and SID from 1970 to 2011. So far, different studies were performed on aniseeds and various properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, muscle relaxant, analgesic and anticonvulsant activity as well as different effects on gastrointestinal system have been reported of aniseeds. It can also reduce morphine dependence and has beneficial effects on dysmenorrhea and menopausal hot flashes in women. In diabetic patients, aniseeds showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect and reduce lipid peroxidation. The most important compounds of aniseeds essential oil were trans-anetole, estragole, γ-hymachalen, para-anisaldehyde and methyl cavicol. Due to broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, and very few clinical studies of Pimpinella anisum, more clinical trials are recommended to evaluate the beneficial effects of this plant in human models and synthesis of new drugs from the active ingredients of this plant in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Shojaii
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Lalezar Street, Jomhuri Avenue, P.O. Box 1145847111, Tehran, Iran
- *Asie Shojaii:
| | - Mehri Abdollahi Fard
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Lalezar Street, Jomhuri Avenue, P.O. Box 1145847111, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Carrasco-Pozo C, Speisky H, Brunser O, Pastene E, Gotteland M. Apple peel polyphenols protect against gastrointestinal mucosa alterations induced by indomethacin in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6459-6466. [PMID: 21548634 DOI: 10.1021/jf200553s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The stability of an apple peel polyphenol extract (APPE) with powerful antioxidant activity was evaluated under acidic conditions in vitro, and its protective effect against gastrointestinal damage was investigated in rats treated with indomethacin. The antioxidant activity of APPE remained stable at pH 2.0 for 4 h. In rats treated with indomethacin (40 mg/kg ig), the previous administration of APPE protected the gastric, intestinal, and colonic mucosa from oxidative stress by preventing increased malondialdehyde concentrations and decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio. APPE also displayed anti-inflammatory effects by preventing neutrophil infiltration in the mucosa, as evidenced by the lower myeloperoxidase activity. These protective effects of APPE resulted in the prevention of macro- and microscopic damage and of barrier dysfunction along the gastrointestinal tract of the indomethacin-treated animals. This study supports the concept that apple peel polyphenols may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Avenida Macul 5540, P.O. Box 138-11, Santiago, Chile.
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Bhaskaran N, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S. Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity. Int J Mol Med 2011; 26:935-40. [PMID: 21042790 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamomile has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders. In this study we investigated the inhibitory effects of chamomile on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and explored its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms using RAW 264.7 macrophages. Chamomile treatment inhibited LPS-induced NO production and significantly blocked IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα-induced NO levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Chamomile caused reduction in LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein expression. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, LPS-induced DNA binding activity of RelA/p65 was significantly inhibited by chamomile, an effect that was mediated through the inhibition of IKKβ, the upstream kinase regulating NF-κB/Rel activity, and degradation of inhibitory factor-κB. These results demonstrate that chamomile inhibits NO production and iNOS gene expression by inhibiting RelA/p65 activation and supports the utilization of chamomile as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Saleh L, Plieth C. Total low-molecular-weight antioxidants as a summary parameter, quantified in biological samples by a chemiluminescence inhibition assay. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:1627-34. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Desmarchelier C. Neotropics and natural ingredients for pharmaceuticals: why isn't South American biodiversity on the crest of the wave? Phytother Res 2010; 24:791-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Direct identification of phenolic constituents in Boldo Folium (Peumus boldus Mol.) infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life Sci 2009; 85:663-9. [PMID: 19788894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) has been implicated in the process of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Chamomile has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway. MAIN METHODS We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages as an in vitro model for our studies. KEY FINDINGS Chamomile treatment inhibited the release of LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This effect was found to be due to inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity by chamomile. In addition, chamomile caused reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, without affecting COX-1 expression. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, sulindac and a specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS398, were shown to act similarly in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Our data suggest that chamomile works by a mechanism of action similar to that attributed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. SIGNIFICANCE These findings add a novel aspect to the biological profile of chamomile which might be important for understanding the usefulness of aqueous chamomile extract in the form of tea in preventing inflammation and cancer.
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Aliaga C, Rezende MC, Arenas A. How meaningful is the assessment of antioxidant activities in microheterogeneous media? Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Dartsch PC, Kler A, Kriesl E. Antioxidative and antiinflammatory potential of different functional drink concepts in vitro. Phytother Res 2008; 23:165-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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