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Mânica da Cruz IB, Chelotti ME, Turra BO, Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto N, Pulcinelli DF, Kerkhoff Escher AL, Klein C, de Azevedo Mello P, Bitencourt GR, Barbisan F. Achyrocline satureioides infusion, popularly prepared and consumed, has an in vitro protective effect on human neural cells exposed to rotenone. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118350. [PMID: 38763375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional harvest of Achyrocline satureioides (AS) occurs at dawn on Good Friday in some South American countries. Inflorescences are traditionally used as infusions for several disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Pillows and cushions are popularly filled with AS to attenuate the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. However, evidence for the potential beneficial effects of AS on human neural cells remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY An in vitro model of SH-SY5Y human neural cells was applied to evaluate the effect of AS infusion, prepared as commonly used, on cells exposed to rotenone and to investigate its potential for neuropsychiatric disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hot aqueous extract was obtained from a traditionally prepared AS inflorescence infusion and chemically characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and spectrophotometric quantification of total polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The SH-SY5Y cell cultures were treated with AS extract at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 300 μL/mL to determine the potential cyto- and genotoxic effects of AS on neural cells using MTT, Neutral Red, and GEMO assays. Apoptosis modulation was assessed using flow cytometry and apoptosis-modulating genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The protective effect of AS on the neurotoxicity triggered by rotenone exposure (30 nM) was determined by analyzing cellular viability and oxidative markers such as lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, and DNA damage was assessed by micronucleus assay. RESULTS The AS extract, as traditionally prepared, had estimated concentrations of 409.973 ± 31.107 μg/mL, 0.1041 ± 0.0246 mg GAE/mL, and 63.309 ± 3.178 mg QE/mL of total tannins, total polyphenols, and flavonoids, respectively. At concentrations of 30 and 100 μl/mL, AS decreased apoptotic events, whereas the highest concentration (300 μl/mL) increased apoptosis compared to that in the control (p < 0.05). In cells exposed to rotenone, AS treatment induced cell proliferation, reduced DNA damage (as evaluated by micronuclei), and reduced lipid and protein oxidation. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate the non-cytotoxic and beneficial effects of AS extract on human neural cells by reducing cellular mortality and oxidative stress in neural cells triggered by rotenone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Chelotti
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Osmarin Turra
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Felipetto Pulcinelli
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Kerkhoff Escher
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Klein
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola de Azevedo Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rossato Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Laboratório Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Machado GTP, Veleirinho MB, Honorato LA, Kuhnen S. Formulation and evaluation of anti-MRSA nanoemulsion loaded with Achyrocline satureioides: a new sustainable strategy for the bovine mastitis. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abbcac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes mastitis in dairy cattle with serious economic and public health significance. This study developed nanoemulsions of Linum usitatissimun oil loaded with Achyrocline satureioides (macela) extract and investigated their in vitro antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Macela-nanoemulsions (NE-ML) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization (HPH) with different proportions of flaxseed oil, Tween 80 and crude extract. Four majoritarian flavonoids were identified in the macela extract: 3-O methylquercetin, achyrobichalcone, quercetin and luteolin (187.3 ± 0.1, 155.4 ± 11.6, 76.3 ± 0.1 and 30.4 ± 0.0 μg ml−1, respectively). NE-ML nanoemulsions were successfully obtained by the HPH method and showed a milky aspect with yellowish color. The mean particle size was around 200 nm with monodisperse distribution (PdI < 0.2), remaining stable for 160 days at room temperature. When analyzed on a LUMiSizer high-end dispersion analyzer, low values were found (≤0.5), indicating high stability index, mainly for NE-ML1:5 (0.2). The encapsulation efficiency of macela-nanoemulsions was greater than 94%, considering the four chemical compounds from extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against planktonic bacteria, inhibition of biofilm formation (MBIC), and eradication of MRSA biofilms (MBEC) were determined through in vitro tests on microplates. The MIC of NE-ML against planktonic MRSA showed values ranging from 1.2 to 10% (v/v), while blank-nanoemulsions (NE-B, without macela extract) showed values ranging from 6 to 50% (v/v). MBIC and MBEC of NE-ML were 25 and 80% (v/v), respectively. MBIC showed a mass reduction greater than 64%, and MBEC showed a mass reduction greater than 73%. Macela-nanoemulsions (NE-ML), mainly NE-ML1:5, showed high antimicrobial activity and appeared to represent a new alternative of sustainable antimicrobial product for the control of MRSA. Since this innovative nanoemulsion can impact animal health, future research should include in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate intramammary therapy and control of MRSA infections in organic and agroecological milk production systems.
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Structural evidence of quercetin multi-target bioactivity: A reverse virtual screening strategy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28636950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous flavonoid quercetin is broadly recognized for showing diverse biological and health-promoting effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. The therapeutic potential of quercetin and similar compounds for preventing such diverse oxidative stress-related pathologies has been generally attributed to their direct antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, accumulated evidence indicates that quercetin is also able to interact with multiple cellular targets influencing the activity of diverse signaling pathways. Even though there are a number of well-established protein targets such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and xanthine oxidase, there remains a lack of a comprehensive knowledge of the potential mechanisms of action of quercetin and its target space. In the present work we adopted a reverse screening strategy based on ligand similarity (SHAFTS) and target structure (idTarget, LIBRA) resulting in a set of predicted protein target candidates. Furthermore, using this method we corroborated a broad array of previously experimentally tested candidates among the predicted targets, supporting the suitability of this screening approach. Notably, all of the predicted target candidates belonged to two main protein families, protein kinases and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerases. They also included key proteins involved at different points within the same signaling pathways or within interconnected signaling pathways, supporting a pleiotropic, multilevel and potentially synergistic mechanism of action of quercetin. In this context we highlight the value of quercetin's broad target profile for its therapeutic potential in diseases like inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Khan F, Niaz K, Maqbool F, Ismail Hassan F, Abdollahi M, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Molecular Targets Underlying the Anticancer Effects of Quercetin: An Update. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090529. [PMID: 27589790 PMCID: PMC5037516 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a medicinally important member of the flavonoid family, is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants. It is present in a variety of foods—including fruits, vegetables, tea, wine, as well as other dietary supplements—and is responsible for various health benefits. Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin include protection against diseases, such as osteoporosis, certain forms of malignant tumors, and pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders. Quercetin has the special ability of scavenging highly reactive species, such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. These oxygen radicals are called reactive oxygen species, which can cause oxidative damage to cellular components, such as proteins, lipids, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Various oxygen radicals play important roles in pathophysiological and degenerative processes, such as aging. Subsequently, several studies have been performed to evaluate possible advantageous health effects of quercetin and to collect scientific evidence for these beneficial health claims. These studies also gather data in order to evaluate the exact mechanism(s) of action and toxicological effects of quercetin. The purpose of this review is to present and critically analyze molecular pathways underlying the anticancer effects of quercetin. Current limitations and future directions of research on this bioactive dietary polyphenol are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Kalyan C Nagulapalli Venkata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
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Achour I, Arel-Dubeau AM, Renaud J, Legrand M, Attard E, Germain M, Martinoli MG. Oleuropein Prevents Neuronal Death, Mitigates Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Modulates Autophagy in a Dopaminergic Cellular Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081293. [PMID: 27517912 PMCID: PMC5000690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. There is currently no cure for PD and present medications aim to alleviate clinical symptoms, thus prevention remains the ideal strategy to reduce the prevalence of this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oleuropein (OLE), the major phenolic compound in olive derivatives, may prevent neuronal degeneration in a cellular dopaminergic model of PD, differentiated PC12 cells exposed to the potent parkinsonian toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We also investigated OLE’s ability to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and modulate the autophagic flux. Our results obtained by measuring cytotoxicity and apoptotic events demonstrate that OLE significantly decreases neuronal death. OLE could also reduce mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species resulting from blocking superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, quantification of autophagic and acidic vesicles in the cytoplasm alongside expression of specific autophagic markers uncovered a regulatory role for OLE against autophagic flux impairment induced by bafilomycin A1. Altogether, our results define OLE as a neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and autophagy-regulating molecule, in a neuronal dopaminergic cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Achour
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Anne-Marie Arel-Dubeau
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Justine Renaud
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Manon Legrand
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Everaldo Attard
- Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Marc Germain
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Cellular Traffic Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, U. Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Cucurbitacin E has neuroprotective properties and autophagic modulating activities on dopaminergic neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:425496. [PMID: 25574337 PMCID: PMC4276330 DOI: 10.1155/2014/425496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are under intensive study for their potential as preventive and/or adjuvant therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the neuroprotective potential of cucurbitacin E (CuE), a tetracyclic triterpenoid phytosterol extracted from the Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae), using a known cellular model of PD, NGF-differentiated PC12. In our postmitotic experimental paradigm, neuronal cells were treated with the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to provoke significant cellular damage and apoptosis or with the potent N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) to induce superoxide (O2•−) production, and CuE was administered prior to and during the neurotoxic treatment. We measured cellular death and reactive oxygen species to evaluate the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of CuE. In addition, we analyzed cellular macroautophagy, a bulk degradation process involving the lysosomal pathway. CuE showed neuroprotective effects on MPP+-induced cell death. However, CuE failed to rescue neuronal cells from oxidative stress induced by MPP+ or DDC. Microscopy and western blot data show an intriguing involvement of CuE in maintaining lysosomal distribution and decreasing autophagy flux. Altogether, these data indicate that CuE decreases neuronal death and autophagic flux in a postmitotic cellular model of PD.
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Carini JP, Klamt F, Bassani VL. Flavonoids from Achyrocline satureioides: promising biomolecules for anticancer therapy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Dajas F. Life or death: neuroprotective and anticancer effects of quercetin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:383-96. [PMID: 22820241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Quercetin is a ubiquitous flavonoid that is present in numerous plants that are utilized in many different cultures for their nervous system and anticancer effects. To better understand the neuroprotective and antiproliferative activities of quercetin, we present a comprehensive review of the divergent actions that contribute to the ethnopharmacological profile of these plants. RESULTS The pharmacological activities of quercetin that modulate antioxidation/oxidation/kinase-signaling pathways might be differentially elicited in neurons compared with malignant cells, ultimately promoting cell survival or death in a cell type- and metabolism-specific manner. Whereas the broad antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities of quercetin are important for neuronal survival, the oxidative, kinase- and cell cycle-inhibitory, apoptosis-inducing effects of quercetin are essential for its anticancer effects. The diverse mechanistic interactions and activities of quercetin that modulate the phosphorylation state of molecules as well as gene expression would alter the interconnected and concerted intracellular signaling equilibrium, either inhibiting or strengthening survival signals. These mechanisms, which have been mainly observed in in vitro studies, cannot be easily translated into an explanation of the divergent simultaneous neuroprotective and anticancer effects observed in vivo. This is in part due to low bioavailability in plasma and in the brain, as well as the nature of the actual active molecules. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of chronic quercetin intake, which is ethnopharmacologically meaningful, as many plants that are chronically ingested by people contain quercetin. Although quercetin and quercetin-containing plants exhibit potential as therapeutic modalities in neuropathology and in cancer, the data collectively highlight the need to elucidate issues such as bioavailability as well as its correlation with effectiveness at biomarkers in vivo. There would be an increased potentential of these plants for chemoprevention and neuropathology prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Dajas
- UNESCO CHAIR Neuroactive natural products, Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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EL Omri A, Han J, Kawada K, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H. Luteolin enhances cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. Brain Res 2012; 1437:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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El Omri A, Han J, Yamada P, Kawada K, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H. Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols activate cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through phosphorylation of ERK1/2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:451-8. [PMID: 20633629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aimed to elucidate the traditional use of Rosmarinus officinalis through the investigation of cholinergic activities and neuronal differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. These effects were examined in relation to the plant's habitat, the extraction procedure, and the major active compounds of R. officinalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, cell differentiation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total choline, acetylcholine (ACh) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were determined in PC12 cells treated with extracts and HPLC-identified polyphenols of R. officinalis originated from Tunisian semi-arid and subhumid area in comparison with nerve growth factor (NGF). RESULTS R. officinalis extracts potentiated cell differentiation and significantly enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. The highest AChE activity was induced by semi-arid hydro-ethanolic extract (137% of control). Among HPLC-identified and screened polyphenols, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) significantly induced cell differentiation, increased ACh level, and enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. U0126, inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly reduced CA and RA effects on cell differentiation and AChE activity. CONCLUSIONS R. officinalis' CA and RA exhibited neurotrophic effects in PC12 cells through cell differentiation induction and cholinergic activities enhancement. These effects could be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
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Pavlica S, Gebhardt R. Protective effects of flavonoids and two metabolites against oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. Life Sci 2010; 86:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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