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Yang J, Zhao H, Qu S. Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in central nervous system disorders: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134397. [PMID: 39097066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders have a complicated pathogenesis, and to date, no single mechanism can fully explain them. Most drugs used for CNS disorders primarily aim to manage symptoms and delay disease progression, and none have demonstrated any pathological reversal. Fucoidan is a safe, sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed that exhibits multiple pharmacological effects, and it is anticipated to be a novel treatment for CNS disorders. To assess the possible clinical uses of fucoidan, this review aims to provide an overview of its neuroprotective mechanism in both in vivo and in vitro CNS disease models, as well as its pharmacokinetics and safety. We included 39 articles on the pharmacology of fucoidan in CNS disorders. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that fucoidan has important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, enhancing the cholinergic system, maintaining the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier and mitochondria, inhibiting inflammation, and attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlighting its potential for CNS disease treatment. Fucoidan has a protective effect against CNS disorders. With ongoing research on fucoidan, it is expected that a natural, highly effective, less toxic, and highly potent fucoidan-based drug or nutritional supplement targeting CNS diseases will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Hong S, Jung K, Ahn M, Kim J, Moon C, Shin T. Eugenol ameliorates uveitis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the suppression of key inflammatory genes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:37-44. [PMID: 38249123 PMCID: PMC10798281 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2304557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment associated with uveitis is among the potential complications in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Bioinformatics analyses have shown that some hub genes are closely associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying uveitis in EAE. This study evaluated whether 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) can mitigate the pathogenesis of uveitis in EAE through the interruption of key uveitogenic gene expression. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 (MOG) peptide-immunized C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with eugenol. The eyeballs and spinal cords of EAE mice with or without eugenol treatment were collected simultaneously and immunohistochemical and molecular biological analyses were conducted. Eugenol treatment significantly ameliorated hindlimb paralysis. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry showed that the inflammatory response was significantly reduced in the uvea of eugenol-treated EAE mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. Eugenol also significantly reduced the expression of key uveitogenic genes including C1qb and Tyrobp. The suppressive effect of eugenol on inflammation was also observed in the spinal cord, as determined by the suppression of Iba-1-positive microglial cells. Together, these results suggest that the ameliorative effect of eugenol against EAE uveitis is associated with the suppression of key proinflammatory genes, which may represent targets for the treatment of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmoo Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Choi Y, Jung K, Kim HJ, Chun J, Ahn M, Jee Y, Ko HJ, Moon C, Matsuda H, Tanaka A, Kim J, Shin T. Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Lewis Rats by Betaine. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:308-317. [PMID: 34483144 PMCID: PMC8424381 DOI: 10.5607/en21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is an animal model of human autoimmune uveitis that is characterized by the infiltration of autoimmune T cells with concurrent increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to assess whether betaine regulates the progression of EAU in Lewis rats. EAU was induced via immunization with the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and oral administration of either a vehicle or betaine (100 mg/kg) for 9 consecutive days. Spleens, blood, and retinas were sampled from the experimental rats at the time of sacrifice and used for the T cell proliferation assay, serological analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The T cell proliferation assay revealed that betaine had little effect on the proliferation of splenic T cells against the IRBP antigen in an in vitro assay on day 9 post-immunization. The serological analysis showed that the level of serum superoxide dismutase increased in the betaine-treated group compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. The anti-inflammatory effect of betaine was confirmed by the downregulation of pro-inflammation-related molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin-1β in the retinas of rats with EAU. The histopathological findings agreed with those of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 immunohistochemistry, further verifying that inflammation in the retina and ciliary bodies was significantly suppressed in the betaine-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Results of the present study suggest that betaine is involved in mitigating EAU through anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Chun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-850
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-850
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Jung K, Kim J, Ahn G, Matsuda H, Akane T, Ahn M, Shin T. Alendronate alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106534. [PMID: 32361191 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, have been widely used to treat osteoporosis because they may target multiple signals in the mevalonate cascade. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of alendronate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a prototypical autoimmune disease model. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide. The mice were checked daily for clinical symptoms, such as paralysis, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using ELISA, western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry. The daily oral administration of alendronate to EAE-induced mice significantly reduced the severity of paralysis and lowered T cell proliferation. Additionally, histopathological examinations confirmed that alendronate mitigated inflammation in the spinal cord after EAE induction, suppressed the infiltration of CD68-positive inflammatory cells, and reduced the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, the alendronate-treated group exhibited a decrease in the number of iNOS-positive inflammatory cells compared to the vehicle-treated group. Taken together, the present results suggest that alendronate alleviated neuro-inflammation in the spinal cords of EAE-induced mice, which is an animal model of multiple sclerosis, possibly by inhibiting the downstream effects of the mevalonate cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanaka Akane
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn M, Kim J, Yang W, Choi Y, Ekanayake P, Ko H, Jee Y, Shin T. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Ishige okamurae. Anat Cell Biol 2018; 51:292-298. [PMID: 30637164 PMCID: PMC6318454 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.4.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate an anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige okamurae on EAE-induced paralysis in rats. An ethanolic extract of I. okamurae significantly delayed the first onset and reduced the duration and severity of hind-limb paralysis. The neuropathological and immunohistochemical findings in the spinal cord were in agreement with these clinical results. T-cell proliferation assay revealed that the ethyl-acetate fraction of I. okamurae suppressed the proliferation of myelin basic protein reactive T cells from EAE affected rats. Flow cytometric analysis showed TCRαβ+ T cells was significantly reduced in the spleen of EAE rats with I. okamurae treatment with concurrent decrease of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2. Collectively, it is postulated that I. okamurae ameliorates EAE paralysis with suppression of T-cell proliferation as well as decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators as far as rat EAE is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Wonjun Yang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Poornima Ekanayake
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyunju Ko
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Histology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Lv J, Xiao Q, Wang L, Liu X, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Dong P. Fucoidan prevents multiple myeloma cell escape from chemotherapy-induced drug cytotoxicity. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:257-63. [PMID: 23266733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) occurrence with some chemotherapy drugs that promote tumor cell escape is also a key factor in blood malignancy relapse. We observed that cytarabine promotes multiple myeloma (MM) cell escape and that the number of cells in the lower chamber increased with increasing clinical disease stage in in vitro model which was constructed by a Boyden chamber, matrigel glue and serum from MM patients in different disease stages. The mechanism of cytarabine that promotes MM cell escape is closely associated with the up-regulation of CXCR4. SDF-1α can up-regulate the expression of MMP9 and RHoC proteins in MM cells with up-regulated CXCR4, and further promote the cell escape. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide in the cell wall matrix of brown algae, has attracted much attention for its multiple biological activities, and we further explored the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of fucoidan on MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity. The results show that fucoidan may decrease MM cell escape from cytarabine cytotoxicity, and that fucoidan can down-regulate CXCR4, MMP9 and RHoC expression. This research provides new direction for investigating MRD occurrence and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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Lee B, Sur B, Park J, Shin H, Kwon S, Yeom M, Kim SJ, Kim K, Shim I, Yin CS, Lee H, Hahm DH. Fucoidan ameliorates scopolamine-induced neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction in rats via activation of cholinergic system and regulation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expressions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-2137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kim KY, Yang WJ, Shin TK, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Impact of acupuncture by using life-energy (qi) oriental needle on the paralysis of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:769-78. [PMID: 22809030 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In acupuncture, adaptation to energy flows in body cycles is the key to health and therapy. From the evolution of our thinking about acupuncture, we developed the Life-Energy (Qi) oriental needle (Qi needle). It contains a rotating electromagnetic wave and has a strong affinity for the meridians. We report for the first time on the effect of acupuncture by using a Qi needle (Qi acupuncture) on rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of human demyelinating multiple sclerosis. Both Qi acupuncture (QA) and general acupuncture (GA) were used on the limbs, at the shaoshang (LU11) and zhongchong (PC9) acupoints, of rats from one day post-immunization (dpi) to 12 dpi. The therapy in the QA groups significantly blocked the onset of EAE paralysis (3/13, 77%, p < 0.05) while all rats in the control EAE groups (12/15) and GA groups (11/13) showed EAE paralysis. In addition, the duration of paralysis was shortened in QA groups (1.5 ± 0.5 days) compared with those of the vehicle (5.5 ± 0.2 days) and GA groups (3.6 ± 1.1 days). The numbers of inflammatory cells and CD4(+) T cells in the QA treated EAE group were significantly reduced compared with those of the EAE control and EAE with GA (p < 0.05). Collectively, the present findings suggest that QA ameliorates the paralysis in rats in an EAE model. The precise mechanism of the amelioration and human studies, however, needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Yeob Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Therapies from fucoidan; multifunctional marine polymers. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1731-1760. [PMID: 22072995 PMCID: PMC3210604 DOI: 10.3390/md9101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Published research on fucoidans increased three fold between 2000 and 2010. These algal derived marine carbohydrate polymers present numerous valuable bioactivities. This review discusses the role for fucoidan in the control of acute and chronic inflammation via selectin blockade, enzyme inhibition and inhibiting the complement cascade. The recent data on toxicology and uptake of fucoidan is detailed together with a discussion on the comparative activities of fractions of fucoidan from different sources. Recent in vivo, in vitro and clinical research related to diverse clinical needs is discussed. Targets include osteoarthritis, kidney and liver disease, neglected infectious diseases, hemopoietic stem cell modulation, protection from radiation damage and treatments for snake envenomation. In recent years, the production of well characterized reproducible fucoidan fractions on a commercial scale has become possible making therapies from fucoidan a realizable goal.
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Tanaka K, Ito M, Kodama M, Tomita M, Kimura S, Hoyano M, Mitsuma W, Hirono S, Hanawa H, Aizawa Y. Sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 16:79-86. [PMID: 21193680 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410378751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Homing of cardiac myosin-specific CD4-positive T cells into the myocardium is the initial pathologic event of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Subsequently, various bystander inflammatory cells are recruited into the myocardium crossing vascular endothelial cell walls. Sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan binds selectin nonselectively and blocks its function. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate whether in vivo fucoidan treatment can improve EAM. A 21-day infusion of physiological saline or fucoidan was administrated intraperitoneally to the rats with sham operation (sham-saline, n = 5; sham-fucoidan, n = 6) or those with cardiac myosin injection (EAM-saline, n = 10; EAM-fucoidan, n = 10). After 3 weeks, fucoidan treatment improved left ventricular ejection fraction (79.04 ± 2.81 vs 65.94% ± 3.22%; P < .01 vs EAM-saline) with a reduced ratio of heart weight to body weight (4.016 ± 0.239 vs 4.975 ± 0.252 mg/g; P < .05 vs EAM-saline) in EAM. Furthermore, fucoidan treatment decreased serum levels of BNP (292.0 ± 53.4 vs 507.4 ± 89.2 ng/mL; P < .05 vs EAM-saline) and the myocarditis area (31.66 ± 1.53 vs 42.51% ± 3.24%; P < .01 vs EAM-saline) in EAM. These beneficial effects of fucoidan were accompanied by inhibition of both macrophage and CD4-positive T-cell infiltration into the myocardium. Fucoidan, a nonselective selectin blocker, attenuates the progression of EAM. This observation may be explained, at least in part, by blocking the extravasation of inflammatory cells into the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular and Vital Control, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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