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Wang L, Wang L, Cao C, Zhao J, Song C, Bao Z, Yan C, Song S. Chitosan and its oligosaccharide accelerate colonic motility and reverse serum metabolites in rats after excessive protein consumption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127072. [PMID: 37774814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive protein consumption (EPC) could increase the gastrointestinal burden and impair gut motility. The present study was designed to explore the improvement of chitosan (CTS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on colonic motility and serum metabolites in rats after EPC. The results of in vivo experiments fully proved that CTS and COS could improve gut motility and reverse the serum metabolites in rats as indicated by LC-MS/MS analysis, and the COS group even showed a better effect than the CTS group. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which could promote gut motility, were also increased to alleviate EPC-induced constipation after supplementation with CTS or COS. In addition, CTS and COS could decrease the concentration of ammonia in serum and down-regulate the levels of H2S and indole. In summary, the present study revealed that CTS and COS could produce SCFAs, improve the colonic motility in rats, reverse the levels of valine, adenosine, cysteine, 1-methyladenosine, indole, and uracil, and enhance aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. The present study provides novel insights into the potential roles of CTS and COS in alleviating the adverse effects of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Lilong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Cui Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chen Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Magondu B, Lee AB, Schulz A, Buchelli GC, Meng M, Kaminski C, Yang PJ, Carver S, Hu DL. Drying dynamics of pellet feces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:723-732. [PMID: 36606374 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pellet feces are generated by a number of animals important to science or agriculture, including mice, rats, goats, and wombats. Understanding the factors that lead to fecal shape may provide a better understanding of animal health and diet. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we test the hypothesis that pellet feces are formed by drying processes in the intestine. Inspirational to our work is the formation of hexagonal columnar jointings in cooling lava beds, in which the width L of the hexagon scales as L ∼ J-1 where J is the heat flux from the bed. Across 22 species of mammals, we report a transition from cylindrical to pellet feces if fecal water content drops below 0.65. Using a mathematical model that accounts for water intake rate and intestinal dimensions, we show pellet feces length L scales as L ∼ J-2.08 where J is the flux of water absorbed by the intestines. We build a mimic of the mammalian intestine using a corn starch cake drying in an open trough, finding that corn starch pellet length scales with water flux-0.46. The range of exponents does not permit us to conclude that formation of columnar jointings is similar to the formation of pellet feces. Nevertheless, the methods and physical picture shown here may be of use to physicians and veterinarians interested in using feces length as a marker of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Magondu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alexander B Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrew Schulz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gabriel Cervantes Buchelli
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Michelle Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Candice Kaminski
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Patricia J Yang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Scott Carver
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - David L Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Potential Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans BACO-17 to Modulate Gut Microbiota in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of Bacillus coagulans BACO-17 in ameliorating body fat accumulation as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis in animals, which were given a high-fat diet to mimic the adverse effect of an unhealthy dietary pattern. Compared with normal control, high-fat consumption resulted in significant (p < 0.05) elevations in weight gain (168%), feed efficiency (176%), visceral fat accumulation (228%), and a lesser total fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (−27.5%). A significant shift of fecal Fimicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio from 1.13 to 3.14 was also observed. After 12 weeks of experiment, a supplementation of B. coagulans BACO-17 at high dose (9 log CFU/day) along with a high-fat diet could exert an apparent fat reduction ability by decreasing weight gain (by 23.7%) and visceral fat mass (by 24.0%). It was found that B. coagulans BACO-17 was able to increase fecal SCFA concentrations and revert Fimicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio back to the level comparable with the normal control. It could play a probiotic effect by increasing and decreasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae and Allobaculum, respectively. Therefore, a supplementation of adequate amount of B. coagulans BACO-17 might confer a concreted amelioration of deteriorated bacteria profiles and body fat accumulation due to high-fat consumption.
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Hsieh CE, You FN, Dai FJ, Tung YC, Chen WJ, Chu HF, Wu SH, Chau CF. Bacillus coagulans BC198 and Lactobacillus paracasei S38 in combination reduce body fat accumulation and modulate gut microbiota. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1843542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Nian You
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Jhen Dai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chia Tung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chu
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Huei Wu
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Inclusion of Fructooligosaccharide and Resistant Maltodextrin in High Fat Diets Promotes Simultaneous Improvements on Body Fat Reduction and Fecal Parameters. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092169. [PMID: 30154352 PMCID: PMC6225425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of incorporating a mixture of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and resistant maltodextrin (RMD) at a ratio of 1:2 on body fat accumulation and fecal bacterial parameters in rats. Our results indicated that high dietary fat consumption might effectively (p < 0.05) increase body fat, but consequently inducing a significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth of C. perfringens and retarded growth (p < 0.05) of the Bifidobacterium spp. in the large intestine. As compared with the high fat control, an incorporation of the FOS and RMD mixture at a high dose (0.97 and 1.94 g/kg body weight, respectively) could result in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in feed efficiency (−16%), total visceral fat (−17.4%), non-visceral fat levels (−20.3%), and total body fat (−19.2%). Furthermore, feeding the FOS and RMD mixture at a high dose was capable to counter the above undesirable impacts by reducing the C. perfringens count (−14.8%) and increasing the total Bifidobacterium count (134.4%) and total fecal short chain fatty acids (195.4%). A supplementation of adequate amount of FOS and RMD might confer a concreted solution to the obesity and deteriorated fecal bacteria profiles due to high fat consumption.
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Farag HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Muhammad BA, Esmaillzadeh A, Bilbeisi AHE. Comparative effects of vitamin D and vitamin C supplementations with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:80. [PMID: 30455745 PMCID: PMC6225665 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D and C levels have inverse relation with the metabolic syndrome components and they are used as antioxidant supplements during enduring metabolic activities. In the present study, we hypothesized that the intake of vitamin D and/or C with endurance physical activity might reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. METHODS A randomized control study recruited 180 participants of both genders, aged between 30 and 50 years. The participants were assigned into six groups receiving different doses of vitamin D or vitamin C with or without physical activities. Data were collected over a period of 3 months, and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Variations in the effect of the supplements on various body variables including: Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, showed that vitamin D has more influence compared to vitamin C. However, vitamin D and C supplements do not have any effect on weight when consumers are undergoing endurance physical exercise. But vitamin C consumer group has more effect in waist circumference, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein, as compared to vitamin D consumer group. CONCLUSION We conclude that, consumption of vitamin D or vitamin C supplements may improves the life of metabolic syndrome patients. However, the combination of physical activities and vitamin supplements maximize the effect, and this combination should be recommended.Trial registration WHO-ICTRP IRCT20161110030823N2. Registered 01 February 2018. http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT20161110030823N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halgord Ali M. Farag
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
- Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Belal A. Muhammad
- Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
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Kazemipoor M, Cordell GA, Sarker MMR, Radzi CWJBWM, Hajifaraji M, En Kiat P. Alternative Treatments for Weight Loss: Safety/Risks and Effectiveness of Anti-Obesity Medicinal Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.933350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Regina Rodrigues M, Paulo Moisés de Oliveira H. Use of chitosan in the treatment of obesity: evaluation of interaction with vitamin B12. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:548-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.640310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Thornton SJ, Wong IT, Neumann R, Kozlowski P, Wasan KM. Dietary supplementation with phytosterol and ascorbic acid reduces body mass accumulation and alters food transit time in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:107. [PMID: 21711516 PMCID: PMC3141547 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that animals fed a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphate (DAPP) exhibit reduced mass accumulation when compared to HF control. This compound is a water-soluble phytostanol ester and consists of a hydrophobic plant stanol covalently bonded to ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). To provide insight into the mechanism of this response, we examined the in vivo effects of a high fat diet supplemented with ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence and absence of unesterified phytosterols (PS), and set out to establish whether the supplements have a synergistic effect in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Our data indicate that HF diet supplementation with a combination of 1% w/w phytosterol and 1% w/w ascorbic acid results in reduced mass accumulation, with mean differences in absolute mass between PSAA and HF control of 10.05%; and differences in mass accumulation of 21.6% (i.e. the PSAA group gained on average 21% less mass each week from weeks 7-12 than the HF control group). In our previous study, the absolute mass difference between the 2% DAPP and HF control was 41%, while the mean difference in mass accumulation between the two groups for weeks 7-12 was 67.9%. Mass loss was not observed in animals supplemented with PS or AA alone. These data suggest that the supplements are synergistic with respect to mass accumulation, and the esterification of the compounds further potentiates the response. Our data also indicate that chronic administration of PS, both in the presence and absence of AA, results in changes to fecal output and food transit time, providing insight into the possibility of long-term changes in intestinal function related to PS supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila J Thornton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Liu X, Yang F, Song T, Zeng A, Wang Q, Sun Z, Shen J. Effects of chitosan, O-carboxymethyl chitosan and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylhexadecyl ammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride on lipid metabolism enzymes and low-density-lipoprotein receptor in a murine diet-induced obesity. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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