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Kim HJ, Hong JH. Multiplicative Effects of Essential Oils and Other Active Components on Skin Tissue and Skin Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5397. [PMID: 38791435 PMCID: PMC11121510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived essential oils and their active components are known to possess various properties, ranging from anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer activities. Numerous types of essential oils and active components have been discovered, and their permissive roles have been addressed in various fields. In this comprehensive review, we focused on the roles of essential oils and active components in skin diseases and cancers as discovered over the past three decades. In particular, we opted to highlight the effectiveness of essential oils and their active components in developing strategies against various skin diseases and skin cancers and to describe the effects of the identified essential-oil-derived major components from physiological and pathological perspectives. Overall, this review provides a basis for the development of novel therapies for skin diseases and cancers, especially melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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Radušienė J, Karpavičienė B, Raudone L, Vilkickyte G, Çırak C, Seyis F, Yayla F, Marksa M, Rimkienė L, Ivanauskas L. Trends in Phenolic Profiles of Achillea millefolium from Different Geographical Gradients. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:746. [PMID: 36840094 PMCID: PMC9964219 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The traditional widely used raw material of Achillea millefolium is currently mainly derived from wild populations, leading to diversification and uncertainty in its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the accumulation differences of phenolic compounds between geographically distant populations of Achillea millefolium from northern and southern gradients. Plant material was collected from Gaziantep and Nevşehir provinces in Turkey and from wild populations in Lithuania. A complex of nine hydroxycinnamic acids and eleven flavonoids was identified and quantified in the methanolic extracts of inflorescences, leaves, and stems using the HPLC-PDA method. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in leaves, while inflorescences tended to prevail in flavonoids. The PCA score plot model represented the quantitative distribution pattern of phenolic compounds along a geographical gradient of populations. The content of phenolic compounds in plant materials from northern latitudes was more than twice that of plants from southern latitudes. A significant correlation of individual phenolic compounds with latitude/longitude corresponded to their differences between two countries. Differences in accumulation of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids revealed several intraspecific groups within A. millefolium. Our findings suggest that spatial geographical data on the distribution of phenolic compounds in A. millefolium populations could be used as a tool to find potential collection sites for high-quality raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Radušienė
- Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Karpavičienė
- Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Raudone
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabriele Vilkickyte
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cüneyt Çırak
- Vocational High School of Bafra, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55200, Turkey
| | - Fatih Seyis
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize 53100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yayla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Rimkienė
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Vitale S, Colanero S, Placidi M, Di Emidio G, Tatone C, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM. Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing: An Overview of Current Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113566. [PMID: 35684503 PMCID: PMC9182061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated process, and the effective management of wounds is a major challenge. Natural herbal remedies have now become fundamental for the management of skin disorders and the treatment of skin infections due to the side effects of modern medicine and lower price for herbal products. The aim of the present study is to summarize the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on major herbal preparations, their phytochemical constituents, and new formulations for wound management. Research reveals that several herbal medicaments have marked activity in the management of wounds and that this activity is ascribed to flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. These phytochemicals can act at different stages of the process by means of various mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, collagen synthesis stimulating, cell proliferation, and angiogenic effects. The application of natural compounds using nanotechnology systems may provide significant improvement in the efficacy of wound treatments. Increasing the clinical use of these therapies would require safety assessment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vitale
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Sara Colanero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Martina Placidi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Rivas-García L, Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Márquez JM, Forbes-Hernández TY, Varela-López A, Llopis J, Sánchez-González C, Quiles JL. Edible flowers as a health promoter: An evidence-based review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Millán-Pacheco C, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M, Almanza-Pérez JC. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effect of leucodin and achillin isolated from Achillea millefolium through calcium channel blockade and NO production: In vivo, functional ex vivo and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113948. [PMID: 33610712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), known as yarrow (milenrama), is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and related diseases. AIM To determine the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effect of A. millefollium and to isolate the main bioactive antihypertensive agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic (hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and hydro-alcohol (Ethanol-H2O: 70:30) extracts obtained from flowers, leaves and stems were evaluated on isolated aorta rat rings with and without endothelium to determine their vasorelaxant effect. Hexane extract from flowers (HEAmF) was studied to evaluate its antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). From HEAmF, bioactive compounds were obtained by bio-guided phytochemical separation through chromatography. RESULTS Organic extracts showed the best vasorelaxant activity. Hexane extract from flowers was the most potent and efficient ex vivo vasorelaxant agent, showing significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR (p < 0.05). Phytochemical separation of HEAmF yielded two epimeric sesquiterpene lactones: leucodin (1) and achillin (2), the major components of the extract. Both 1 and 2 showed similar vasorelaxant action ex vivo (p < 0.05), and their effects where modified by L-NAME (10 μM, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), by ODQ (1 μM, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), and also relaxed the contraction induced by KCl (80 mM). Finally, 1 and 2 intragastric administration (50 mg/kg) decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR. CONCLUSIONS Achillea millefolium showed antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects, due mainly to leucodin and achillin (epimers). Both compounds showed antihypertensive activity by vasorelaxation putatively by endothelium-dependent NO release and cGMP increase, as well as by calcium channels blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de La Salud, D.C.B.S, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. Phytotherapy of Hypertension: An Updated Overview. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:812-839. [PMID: 31880255 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666191227104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Hypertension is the main risk factor that contributes to the development of many diseases. The use of herbal therapies, medicinal plants and their derivatives for the remedy and management of hypertension is well-recognized and popular among a wide part of the world population. METHODS The aim of the current review was to collect, treat, and critically analyze the published research studies relative to experimental and clinical investigations which have studied the blood pressure lowering abilities of medicinal plant derivatives in the last decade. This review was organized into three principal axes; the first axis was attributed to the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies; the second treated the clinical trials; while, the last one is devoted to analyze the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic antihypertensive effectiveness of phytochemicals. RESULTS Different types of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency in improving the increase of blood pressure either experimentally or clinically. Medicinal species such as garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Ginseng (Panax) are among the most common and therapeutically used plant derivatives for controlling hypertension while Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae are among the botanical families which were frequently studied in the last decade. Isolated compounds such as allicin and apigenin have received more interest in this field. Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that a wide variety of herbal preparations and plant extracts or natural isolated compounds have a favorable therapeutic impact on blood flow. Interestingly, phytochemicals can either act directly on blood vessels via a vasorelaxant effect involving a variety of signaling cascades or indirectly through inhibiting or stimulating diversity of systems such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the diuretic activity. Hence, based on the findings of the present review medicinal plant derivatives could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antihypertensive agents. CONCLUSION The analysis of the published data shows that a great effort remains to be done to investigate the medicinal plants cited as antihypertensive through published ethnopharmacological surveys. The analysis of the literature in this field shows the lack of standardization at the level of experimental study methods as well as the need to study purified molecules. Moreover, the mechanistic studies when they exist remain in the whole partial. On the other hand, few advanced clinical studies have been conducted. Finally, the determination of the efficacy/safety ratio remains absent in almost all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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Khan A, Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Daniyal M, Zakki SA, Munir N, Zainab R, Heydari M, Mosavat SH, Rebezov M, Shariati MA. Anti-anxiety properties of selected medicinal plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1041-1060. [PMID: 33480339 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The objective of this review is to provide information about the healing outcomes of anxiety treatment with natural products. Valeriana officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Commelina benghalensis, Achyranthes aspera, Mimosa pudica, Achillea millefolium, Nymphaea alba, Leonurus cardiac, Camellia sinensis, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Crataegus oxyacantha and Piper methysticum showed promising effects on anxiety in animal models. In clinical studies, passion flower, kava, valerian, St John's wort, and ashwagandha showed the most positive results. More studies are needed for the exploration of the anti-anxiety of medicinal plants. In drugs derived from natural sources have explored many components that are playing an essential role in curing anxiety disorders and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha. China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 9300194. Japan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M.Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food System of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G.Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow109004. Russian Federation
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Pharmacological Modulation of Smooth Muscles and Platelet Aggregation by Psidium cattleyanum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4291795. [PMID: 33101443 PMCID: PMC7568158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4291795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, in the Southern Asian countries, Psidium cattleyanum is a widely used plant for the management of various ailments such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, but it lacks proof on a scientific basis, and therefore, this is the major emphasis of the current research work. Crude extract of Psidium cattleyanum (Pc.Cr) was preliminary analyzed for the presence of different classes of bioactive molecules. The aqueous and dichloromethane fractions of Pc.Cr were subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies. It was applied at variable concentrations (0.1-10 mg/ml) to isolated rabbit jejunum to investigate spasmolytic effect. Concentration dependent curves of calcium were constructed to check the calcium channel antagonistic activity. For the evaluation of tracheorelaxant activity, isolated tracheal tissue was treated with High-K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (CCh) and then challenged cumulatively with Pc.Cr. To study the antidiarrheal effect of the plant extract, castor oil-induced diarrhea model was adopted. For evaluation of the hypotensive effect of Pc.Cr, it was given intravenously to preanesthetized normotensive rats, and the response was recorded using pressure transducer. Platelet rich plasma was used for the assessment of the antiplatelet activity when challenged with purinergic and adrenergic agonists. Concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and High-K+ mediated contractions in isolated jejunum was observed by the application of Pc.Cr. Contractions induced in isolated tracheal tissue by High-K+ and CCh were inhibited by application of Pc.Cr to these tissues. Similarly, application of Pc.Cr to High-K+ and phenylephrine (PE) treated aortic strips resulted in vasodilation. Platelet aggregation inhibition was shown by Pc.Cr against adenosine diphosphate (ADP) only. The antidiarrheal effect was observed as a reduction in the total number of feces in Pc.Cr-treated mice when given castor oil. Dose-dependent hypotension was seen in normotensive rats when treated with Pc.Cr intravenously. This study showed the spasmolytic, tracheorelaxant, vasodilator, platelet aggregation inhibitory, antidiarrheal, and hypotensive activities of P. cattleyanum which may be due to the blockage of calcium channels, but the involvement of any other pathway cannot be ignored.
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Chávez-Silva F, Navarrete-Vázquez G, León-Rivera I, Perea-Arango I, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M. Tracheal relaxation through calcium channel blockade of Achillea millefolium hexanic extract and its main bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112643. [PMID: 32035218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. AIM to explore its tracheal relaxant properties and clarify its functional mechanism of action on smooth muscle cells, which allow us to propose it as a potential anti-asthmatic drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts from A. millefolium were obtained by macerations, then their relaxing effect on ex vivo isolated rat trachea rings was determined. Most active extract (hexanic extract, EHAm) was studied to determine its functional mechanism of action using synergic, antagonist and inhibitor agents related with the contraction/relaxation process of the smooth muscle. Also, EHAm was subjected to bio-guided fractionation by open-column chromatography (on silica gel) using cyclohexane-EtOAc (80:20) in an isocratic way to isolate main bioactive compounds. RESULTS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts showed relaxant effect in a concentration-response dependent manner, being EHAm the most active. The functional mechanism of action indicates that EHAm induced a non-competitive antagonism to the muscarinic receptors ; in addition, the NO/cGMP pathway is involved in the relaxation process of the tracheal smooth muscle. However, the most important mechanism of action showed by EHAm was related with the calcium channel blockade influx into the smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, epimeric sesquiterpene lactones leucodin (1) and achillin (2) were isolated and purified, which are responsible for the observed smooth muscle relaxant activity of the extract. CONCLUSION hexanic extract of A. millefollium induced a significant relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings by calcium channel blockade and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
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Hsouna AB, Dhibi S, Dhifi W, Saad RB, Brini F, Hfaidh N, Mnif W. Essential oil from halophyte Lobularia maritima: protective effects against CCl 4-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats and inhibition of the production of proinflammatory gene expression by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36758-36770. [PMID: 35539073 PMCID: PMC9075115 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05885k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the chemical profiling of the essential oil of a halophyte, L. maritima (LmEO), and its protective potential against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty compounds have been identified in LmEO. The major components are α-pinene (3.51%), benzyl alcohol (8.65%), linalool (22.43%), pulegone (3.33%), 1-phenyl butanone (7.33%), globulol (4.32%), γ-terpinene (6.15%), terpinen-4-ol (4.31%), α-terpineol (3.9%), ledol (3.59%), epi-α-cadinol (3.05%) and α-cadinol (4.91%). In comparison with the CCl4-intoxicated group, LmEO treatment resulted in decreased liver serum marker enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme levels, with overall further amelioration of oxidative stress. The administration of LmEO to CCl4-treated rats at a dose of 250 mg kg-1 body weight significantly reduced the toxic effects and the oxidative stress on the liver, thus validating the traditional medicinal claim of this plant. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of LmEO was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells. Our oil could modulate the inflammatory mode of the macrophages by causing reduction in iNOS and COX2 enzymes as well as in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokine levels. These findings suggest that LmEO exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa Zarroug 2112 Gafsa Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Tunisia
| | - Sabah Dhibi
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa Tunisia
| | - Wissal Dhifi
- LR17-ES03 Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet 2020 Ariana Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaidh
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha Bisha 61922, P. O. Box 199 Saudi Arabia
- University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet 2020 Ariana Tunisia
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Ardalani H, Jandaghi P, Meraji A, Hassanpour Moghadam M. The Effect of Cynara scolymus on Blood Pressure and BMI in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial. Complement Med Res 2019; 27:40-46. [DOI: 10.1159/000502280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested that artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) may reduce certain biochemical blood factors but the efficacy of this plant on blood pressure (BP) has not yet been investigated. In this study, we determined the clinical efficacy of C. scolymuson BP and body mass index (BMI) in hypertensive patients as an adjunctive to captopril for the first time. Methods: The total phenolic content and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling in leaves of C. scolymus have been evaluated. A clinical trial was subsequently carried out on 40 patients to determine the effect of C. scolymus on BP and BMI in hypertensive patients. The treatment group received capsules containing C. scolymus(500 mg twice daily) and the placebo group received starch powder for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were determined before and after the study. Results: A significant improvement of the BMI was seen in the C. scolymus group compared with the placebo group (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the consumption of C. scolymus powder as a rich source of phenolic and antioxidant compounds could potentially improve BMI and SBP in hypertensive patients. Therefore, more trials are needed to confirm or reject the antihypertensive impact of artichoke.
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Alam F, Shah AJ. Butyrlycholine esterase inhibitory activity and effects of extracts (fruit, bark and leaf) from Zanthoxylum armatum DC in gut, airways and vascular smooth muscles. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31331314 PMCID: PMC6647253 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit, bark and leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum DC are popular remedies for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders in the subcontinent traditional practices. The aim of the study was to individually probe the profile of methanol extracts from three different parts of Zanthoxylum armatum. METHODS The ex-vivo muscle relaxant effects of extracts were assessed in the isolated intestine, trachea and thoracic aortic rings and were compared with the positive controls and CRC were constructed. The anti-diarrheal effect of extracts was evaluated in mice by inducing diarrhea with castor oil. The extracts were also studied for acute toxicity and butyrylcholine esterase inhibition. RESULTS The extracts from fruit, bark and leaves of Z. armatum showed inhibitory effect against the butyrylcholine esterase enzyme with percent inhibition of 50.75 ± 1.23, 82.57 ± 1.33, and 37.52 ± 1.11respectively, compared to standard serine (IC50: 0.04 ± 0.001 μmol/L). The fruit and bark extracts provided 75, and 52% diarrheal protection, compared to verapamil (96%). In isolated rabbit jejunum strips, increasing addition of the extracts inhibited the spontaneous and high K+ precontractions with EC50 values of 0.71 and 3 mg/mL for fruit, EC50 values of 0.61 and 0.5 mg/mL for bark, EC50 0.81 and 3.1 mg/mL for leaves, like verapamil. The extracts induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the carbachol (1 μM) and high K+ (80 mM) precontractions with EC50 values of 2.4 and 0.9 mg/mL for fruit, EC50 values of 1.2 and 3 for leaves. The bark extract was equipotent against both contractions with EC50 3.1 and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In the aortic rings, the fruit extract completely relaxed the phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced contractions with (EC50 value = 0.8 mg/ml) and a partial inhibition of high K+ induced contractions. The leaves extract completely relaxed the aortic contractions with (EC50 values = 1.0 and 8.5 mg/ml). The extracts caused no acute toxicity up to 3 g/kg dose. CONCLUSIONS The experiments revealed that the extracts of aerial parts of Z. armatum have antidiarrheal properties in vivo and showed spasmolytic effect in intestinal and tracheal preparations with possible mechanism involving the blockage of Ca++ channels. These experiments provide enough justification for use of this plant in ethnomedicine in diarrhea, gut and bronchial spasms.
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Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties ofAchillea millefoliumL.: A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1140-1161. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
| | - B. Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Venkatesalu
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Kaske M, Nathues H, Gruetzner N, Melzig M, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:89. [PMID: 27268043 PMCID: PMC4896019 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as 'multi-target drugs'. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets. RESULTS Based on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20'000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994-2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Several medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland. .,Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kaske
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Nathues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Niels Gruetzner
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland
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Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. A review of the relaxant effect of various medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle, their possible mechanism(s) and potency. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:528-548. [PMID: 26456328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The therapeutic effects of the medicinal plants described in the current review on obstructive pulmonary diseases have found mention in ancient Iranian medical texts and in traditional folk medicine. These effects are attributed to their bronchodilatory activity, which relaxes the smooth muscles of the airway. Therefore, in the present review, the relaxant effects of various extracts, fractions and constituents of medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle are reviewed in light of their therapeutic effects on obstructive pulmonary diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The online literature was searched using Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and SID (for articles written in Persian). Moreover, local books on ethnopharmacology from 1918 to 2014 were searched with keywords such as tracheal smooth muscle, airway smooth muscle, relaxant effect, bronchodilatory effect and related mechanisms to identify studies on the relaxant effects of medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle and the possible mechanism(s) of these effects. RESULTS All studied plants showed significant relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle, which were similar or superior to the effect of theophylline at the used concentrations. According to the results, most of these plants also showed an inhibitory effect on muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors, whereas some plants showed more pronounced stimulatory effects on the beta-adrenergic receptor. Some of the studied plants also showed inhibitory effects on calcium and potassium channels. CONCLUSION The present article reviewed the relaxant effects of several medicinal plants on tracheal smooth muscle, which were comparable or superior to the effect of theophylline at the studied concentration. The possible mechanisms of the relaxant effects of the studied medicinal plants and a comparison of these effects were also reviewed. This review presents the fractions and constituents of plants with potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscle, which can be used to treat obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shakeri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
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Khan AU, Gilani AH. Natural Products Useful in Respiratory Disorders: Focus on Side-Effect Neutralizing Combinations. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1265-1285. [PMID: 26061992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes literature related to medicinal plants reputed in traditional medical systems for treatment of asthma and coughs. The plants that are pharmacologically investigated for their effectiveness in such conditions, along with respective experimental protocol details, are also discussed. Some of plant origin compounds, which are considered useful as antitussive and antiasthmatic agents, are described as well. Chrysoeriol, a constituent of Aspalathus linearis (Fabaceae) was observed to be selective for relaxant effect in airways (through K+ channel activation), compared with other smooth muscles. We reported that Hypericum perforatum (Hyperieaceae), Andropogon muricatus (Poaceae), Juniper excelsa (Coniferae) and Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae) exhibit bronchodilatory action, mediated through combination of Ca++ antagonist and phospohodiesrase inhibitory mechanisms, which scientifically explains their medicinal use in asthma. Hyocyamus niger (Solanaceae), Artemisia vulgaris (Compositae), Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae) and Terminalia bellerica (Combretaceae) caused bronchodilation via dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca++ influx. Acorus calamus (Araceae), Carum roxburghianum (Apiaceae), Lens culinaris (Fabaceae) and Lepidium sativum (Cruciferae) mediate bronchodilatation through multiple pathways: anticholinergic and inhibition of Ca++ channels and PDE enzyme(s). In conclusion, this review presents an analysis of different novel combinations of pharmacological activities in medicinal plants with side effect-neutralizing/synergistic potential, setting new trends in the therapeutic options for hyperactive respiratory disorders such as asthma and cough. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Martkoplishvili I, Kvavadze E. Some popular medicinal plants and diseases of the Upper Palaeolithic in Western Georgia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:42-52. [PMID: 25769538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Palynological studies of cultural layers of cave sediments have been used in order to better understand traditional practices. The Upper Palaeolithic in Georgia (36,000-11,000 cal. BP) provides a rich source of such material. However, up to day from such sediments the identification of medicinal plants has hardly been achieved. Large quantities of pollen most notably from entomophilous taxa in fossil spectra can serve as a tool to identify traditionally important species. As these plants are used in modern popular medicine on the territory of Georgia (like Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia annua L., Artemisia absinthium L., Centaurea jacea L., Urtica dioica L.) can be served as an indirect evidence for their medicinal relevance from the Palaeolithic Period up to days. Their modern uses may point that the main diseases during the Upper Palaeolithic were the same as today. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Upper Palaeolithic sediments were studied palynologically come from four caves: Dzudzuana, Satsurblia, Kotias Klde and Bondi. Modern sediments were investigated from 6 caves. Fossil and modern samples were taken according to the standard procedure in palynology. The laboratory treatment was carried out as follows: first, 50g of the sample was boiled in 10% KOH. At the second stage, centrifuging of the material in cadmium liquid was performed. At the final stage, acetolysis treatment was used. RESULTS Pollen of A. absinthium L. (Asteraceae), A. annua L. (Asteraceae), A. millefolium L. (Asteraceae), C. jacea L. (Asteraceae), and U. dioica L. (Urticaceae) are identified to species level. This species are not edible and are popular in present-day folk medicine. In the Upper Palaeolithic layers, significant amounts of studies species pollen were recorded in the cave, likely due to their flowering branches being brought in by humans for use. Detailed consideration of the pharmacological characteristics of the examined species showed that almost all of them have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial and antipyretic activity. CONCLUSION The fossil pollen complex of medicinal herbs, dominated by A. millefolium and Artemisia (A. annua and A. absinthium), suggests that the ancient population living in the studied caves could have been prone to malaria, rheumatism and gastrointestinal diseases. In the Upper Palaeolithic, the population inhabiting cave sites might have suffered from gout and callouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Martkoplishvili
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili Street, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Institute of Palaeobiology of Georgian National Museum, 3, Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia.
| | - Eliso Kvavadze
- Institute of Palaeobiology of Georgian National Museum, 3, Purtseladze Street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia.
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Khan M, Khan AU, Rehman NU, Gilani AH. Blood pressure lowering, vasodilator and cardiac-modulatory potential ofCarum roxburghianumseed extract. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:102-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.913602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Peng HY, Lin CC, Wang HY, Shih Y, Chou ST. The melanogenesis alteration effects of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil and linalyl acetate: involvement of oxidative stress and the JNK and ERK signaling pathways in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95186. [PMID: 24743745 PMCID: PMC3990609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 and p38 MAPK, is known to be activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in melanocytes to regulate melanin production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathway of ERK and JNK activation. It has been established that the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. (AM-EO) has activities that suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Thus, we analyzed the effects of AM-EO on melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treated melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that AM-EO suppresses melanin production by decreasing tyrosinase activity through the regulation of the JNK and ERK signaling pathways. This effect might be associated with the AM-EO activity leading to the suppression of ROS, and linalyl acetate is its major functional component. Therefore, we propose that AM-EO has the potential to treat hyperpigmentation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Peng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying Shih
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-TC); (YS)
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-TC); (YS)
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Niazmand S, Harandizadeh F, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M, Hasanzadeh M, Fereidouni E. Mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Achillea wilhelmsii in rat isolated thoracic aorta. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:91. [PMID: 24761399 PMCID: PMC3988604 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii) is used in Iraninan folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension; also, in previous reports, the hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of this plant have been indicated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the vasorelaxant effect of the hydroalcholic extract of A. wilhelmsii and its underlying mechanisms in isolated rat aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of the hydroalcholic A. wilhelmsii extract was tested on the contractile response of Wistar rat aorta induced by potassium chloride (KCl) and phenylephrine (PE) using a pressure transducer that is connected to the PowerLab. RESULTS The cumulative concentrations of A. wilhelmsii (0.5-8 mg/ml) induced a vasorelaxation both in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted by high K(+) (6 × 10(-2) M) or 10(-6) M PE. A. wilhelmsii, at a concentration of 4 mg/ml, reduced Ca(2+)-induced contraction (P < 0.001 vs. control) after PE or KCl had generated a stable contraction in the Ca(2+)-free solution. Furthermore, after incubation with diltiazem, the vasorelaxant effect of A. wilhelmsii reduced in the endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted by PE or KCl (P < 0.001 vs. control). In contrast, A. wilhelmsii-induced relaxation was not affected by glibenclamide, BaCl2, ruthenium red, methylene blue, or heparin. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that A. wilhelmsii had a vasorelaxation effect, which was not endothelium-dependent. The relaxation was mediated by inhibition of extracellular Ca(2+) influx through voltage- and receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels (VDDCs and ROCCs) in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Niazmand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Harandizadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hasanzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Fereidouni
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Koushyar H, Koushyar MM, Byrami G, Feizpour A, Golamnezhad Z, Boskabady MH. The Effect of Hydroethanol Extract of Achillea Millefolium on β-adrenoceptors of Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:400-5. [PMID: 24302793 PMCID: PMC3831720 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pharmacological effects of Achillea millefolium including its relaxant effect on smooth muscle have been shown previously. In the present study the stimulatory effect of the plant extract on β-adrenoceptor of tracheal muscle was examined in order to investigate one possible mechanism for its observed relaxant effect. Effect of three concentrations of hydroethanol extract, 10 nM propranolol, and saline on β-adrenoceptor was tested in two experimental groups including; nonincubated tracheal smooth muscles (group 1) and incubated tracheal smooth muscle with chlorpheniramine (group 2). Concentration response curves to isoprenaline were performed in precontracted tracheal smooth muscle in the presence of the extract, propranolol and saline. Values of EC50 and CR-1 were measured. Leftward shifts in isoprenaline curves were observed in the presence of medium and high concentrations of the extract compared with saline in both groups. The values of EC50 obtained in the presence of medium and high concentrations of the extract only in group 1 were nonsignificantly lower than that of saline. The values of CR-1 obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract in both groups were negative and significantly different with that of propranolol. The results indicated a small stimulatory effect of the extract on ß2-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koushyar
- Applied Physiology Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Feizpour A, Boskabady MH, Byrami G, Golamnezhad Z, Shafei MN. The effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium on muscarinic receptors of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 45:13-7. [PMID: 23543621 PMCID: PMC3608287 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate one possible mechanism for the observed relaxant effect of A. millefolium (Achillea millefolium), in the present study the inhibitory effect of the extract of this plant on muscarinic receptors was examined. Materials and Methods: The effects of three concentrations of aqueous-ethanolic extract, 10 nM atropine, and saline on muscarinic receptors were tested in three conditions: In non incubated tracheal smooth muscle (group 1), tracheal chain incubated with propranolol and chlorpheniramine (group 2), and the one incubated with propranolol (group 3). Results: The EC50 obtained in the presence of all three concentrations of the extract were significantly higher compared to saline in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001and P < 0.01 in group 2 and 3 respectively). The EC50 obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract in group 2 were significantly improved compared to groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). The maximum responses to methacholine in presence of only the higher concentration of the extract (0.8mg/ml) was significantly lower than that of saline in groups 1 (P < 0.05). There was neither significant difference between slopes of methacholine-response curves obtained in the presence of different concentrations of the extract and that of saline nor between the three groups. The values of (CR-1), obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract, were significantly lower compared to atropine in the first group but were not significantly different in other groups. The values of (CR-1) obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract were significantly improved in groups 2, compared to groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results showed an inhibitory effect for the extract of A. millefolium on muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle. A histamine (H1) receptor blockade was also suggested for the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Feizpour
- Applied Physiology Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chou ST, Peng HY, Hsu JC, Lin CC, Shih Y. Achillea millefolium L. essential oil inhibits LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12978-93. [PMID: 23797659 PMCID: PMC3742169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140712978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. is a member of the Asteraceae family and has been used in folk medicine in many countries. In this study, 19 compounds in A. millefolium essential oil (AM-EO) have been identified; the major components are artemisia ketone (14.92%), camphor (11.64%), linalyl acetate (11.51%) and 1,8-cineole (10.15%). AM-EO can suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, including decreased levels of cellular nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion production, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) concentration. This antioxidant activity is not a result of increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, but rather occurs as a result of the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, thus reducing the inflammatory response. Therefore, AM-EO can be utilized in many applications, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-T.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Peng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-T.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Jaw-Cherng Hsu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hung Kuang University, 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-C.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2632-8001 (ext. 15409) (C.-C.L.); +886-4-2632-8001 (ext. 15470) (Y.S.); Fax: +886-4-2631-1167 (C.-C.L. & Y.S.)
| | - Ying Shih
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-C.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2632-8001 (ext. 15409) (C.-C.L.); +886-4-2632-8001 (ext. 15470) (Y.S.); Fax: +886-4-2631-1167 (C.-C.L. & Y.S.)
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Khan M, Khan AU, Rehman NU, Zafar MA, Hazrat A, Gilani AH. Cardiovascular Effects ofJuniperus excelsaAre Mediated Through Multiple Pathways. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34:209-16. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2011.631651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Achillea millefolium L. s.l. herb extract: Antioxidant activity and effect on the rat heart mitochondrial functions. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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