1
|
Wang W, Zhou L, Zhang X, Li Z. Mollugin suppresses proliferation and drives ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115427. [PMID: 37677963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have demonstrated that targeting ferroptosis might be a new conceptual avenue to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Mollugin is a phytochemical isolated from Rubia cordifolia L. with antitumor activity. However, whether ferroptosis mediates the antitumor activity of mollugin in CRC has not been explored. Our study aims to investigate the antitumor and pro-ferroptosis effects, and mechanisms of mollugin in CRC. We found that mollugin led to ferroptosis in CRC cells, resulting in reduced GSH level and elevated levels of ROS, Fe2+, and MDA. Mollugin treatment caused obvious decrease in cell viability and proliferation in CRC cells, which were aggravated by ferroptosis inducer erastin and attenuated by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Tumor xenografts experiments proved that mollugin suppressed the tumor growth, while treatment with ferrostatin-1 attenuated the antitumor activity of mollugin in vivo. Integrated bioinformatics analysis showed that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was highly expressed in CRC tissues and indicated poor prognosis. Further investigation indicated that the IGF2BP3/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis was involved in mollugin-regulated ferroptosis in CRC. In conclusions, Mollugin suppresses proliferation and drives ferroptosis of CRC cells by inhibiting the IGF2BP3/GPX4 axis, suggesting that mollugin may be a potential therapeutic option for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ke XG, Xiong YY, Yu B, Yuan C, Chen PY, Yang YF, Wu HZ. Mollugin induced oxidative DNA damage via up-regulating ROS that caused cell cycle arrest in hepatoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 353:109805. [PMID: 35007525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mollugin has been proven to have anti-tumor activity. However, its potential anti-tumor mechanism remains to be fully elaborated. Herein, we investigated the growth inhibition of HepG2 cells, as well as the anti-tumor effect of mollugin and its molecular mechanism on H22-tumor bearing mice. In vitro, mollugin was shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mollugin induced S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Comet assay demonstrated that mollugin induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. In addition, mollugin induced changes in cyclin A2 and CDK2. However, the addition of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was able to reverse the effect of mollugin. In vivo, mollugin significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the tendency of tumor volume growth in mice. The tumor cell density was found to be decreased in the administration group, and the content of ROS in the tumor tissue significantly increased. The expression of p-H2AX, cyclin A2 and CDK2 were consistent with in vitro results. Mollugin demonstrated anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity in vitro and in vivo, and its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity was found to be related to DNA damage and cell cycle arrest induced by excessive ROS production in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ge Ke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yi-Yi Xiong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chong Yuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Peng-Yu Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - He-Zhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Birringer M, Siems K, Maxones A, Frank J, Lorkowski S. Natural 6-hydroxy-chromanols and -chromenols: structural diversity, biosynthetic pathways and health implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4803-4841. [PMID: 35539527 PMCID: PMC9078042 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive and systematic review on the structurally diverse toco-chromanols and -chromenols found in photosynthetic organisms, including marine organisms, and as metabolic intermediates in animals. The focus of this work is on the structural diversity of chromanols and chromenols that result from various side chain modifications. We describe more than 230 structures that derive from a 6-hydroxy-chromanol- and 6-hydroxy-chromenol core, respectively, and comprise di-, sesqui-, mono- and hemiterpenes. We assort the compounds into a structure-activity relationship with special emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities of the congeners. This review covers the literature published from 1970 to 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH Hermannswerder Haus 17 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Maxones
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moon SH, Kim I, Kim SH. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 via the p38-Smad signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1328-1335. [PMID: 29027119 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been used clinically to encourage bone regeneration; although, there can be major side effects with larger doses. Therefore, there is a need to identify new small molecules to potentiate the osteogenic action of BMP-2. In this study, we investigated the effect of mollugin on bone formation in murine bi-potential mesenchymal progenitor C2C12 cells by combination with BMP-2. We found mollugin could enhance the BMP-2-mediated osteoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells. This was accompanied by the induction of other osteogenic BMPs. We also found the enhancing potential of mollugin may involve activation of the p38-Smad1/5/8 signaling axis. Furthermore, mollugin promoted skeletal development in zebrafish. The combination of BMP-2 with small molecules, including mollugin, could minimize its clinical limitations, and these molecules might lead to the development of effective stem cell stimulants for bone regeneration and fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hee Moon
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 334114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Strategy and Planning, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 334114, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ju Woo H, Jun DY, Lee JY, Park HS, Woo MH, Park SJ, Kim SC, Yang CH, Kim YH. Anti-inflammatory action of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3-prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ) suppresses both the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways of TLR4 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:103-115. [PMID: 28465253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Rubia cordifolia L. have been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Northeast Asia for treating inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3- prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ), purified from the roots of R. cordifolia L. as the major anti-inflammatory component, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of CMEP-NQ was investigated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells by measuring the levels of NO, PGE2, and cytokines (IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the culture supernatants and the TLR4-mediated intracellular events including association of MyD88 with IRAK1, activation of IRAK1, TAK1, MAPKs, NF-κB/AP-1, and IRF3, and generation of ROS. RESULTS Pretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with CMEP-NQ reduced LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. CMEP-NQ also reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by down-regulating mRNA levels. Under these conditions, TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent events were inhibited by CMEP-NQ, including the association of MyD88 with IRAK1, phosphorylation of IRAK1, TAK1, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK), and activation of NF-κB and AP-1. As TRIF-dependent events of TLR4 signaling, phosphorylation of IRF3 and induction of iNOS protein expression were also inhibited by CMEP-NQ. However, the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to cell surface TLR4 was not affected by CMEP-NQ. Following LPS stimulation, intracellular ROS production was first detected by DCFH-DA staining at 1h; then it continuously increased until 16h. Although CMEP-NQ failed to exhibit DPPH radical- or ABTS radical-scavenging activity in vitro, LPS-induced ROS production in RAW264.7 cells was more efficiently blocked by CMEP-NQ than by NAC. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the suppressive effect of CMEP-NQ on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells was mainly exerted via its inhibition of TLR4-mediated proximal events, such as MyD88-dependent NF-κB/AP-1 activation and ROS production, and TRIF-dependent IRF3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Woo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Do Youn Jun
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Hae Sun Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 712-702, South Korea
| | - Sook Jahr Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oon SF, Nallappan M, Kassim NK, Shohaimi S, Sa'ariwijaya MSF, Tee TT, Cheah YH. Hypolipidemic activities of xanthorrhizol purified from centrifugal TLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1403-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Choi JW, Synytsya A, Capek P, Bleha R, Pohl R, Park YI. Structural analysis and anti-obesity effect of a pectic polysaccharide isolated from Korean mulberry fruit Oddi (Morus alba L.). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:187-96. [PMID: 27112865 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide JS-MP-1 was isolated from Korean mulberry fruits Oddi (Morus alba L.). Sugar linkage analysis and NMR data confirmed that it is a rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG I) polymer carrying arabinan and arabinogalactan (AG II) side chains. JS-MP-1 reduced dose-dependently the viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells, significantly stimulated the cleavage of caspases 9 and 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax expression level that led to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in pre-adipocyte cells. The apoptotic death was mediated by stimulation of MAPKs (ERK and p38) signalling pathway. These results suggest that JS-MP-1 is able to reduce the number of fat cells and the mass of adipose tissue via inhibition of pre-adipocyte proliferation and thus JS-MP-1 itself or a crude aqueous Oddi extract containing this polysaccharide can be used as functional ingredient of health-beneficial food supplements for the treatment or prevention of obesity disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo sq. 2, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mullen GE, Yet L. Progress in the development of fatty acid synthase inhibitors as anticancer targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Leptin, a mediator of cardiac damage associated with obesity. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 18:3-14. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObesity and excess of adipose tissue are associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. At the cardiac level, various morphological adaptations in cardiac structure and function occur in obese individuals. Different mechanisms linking obesity to these modifications have been postulated. Adipose tissue and epicardial fat releases a large number of cytokines and bioactive mediators such as leptin. Leptin circulates in proportion to body fat mass, thus serving as a satiety signal and informing central metabolic control centers as to the status of peripheral energy stores. It participates in numerous other functions both peripherally and centrally, as indicated by the wide distribution of leptin and the different isoforms of its receptor in different tissues including the heart. This hormone has distinct effects on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and immune systems; however, its role in the heart could mediate wide physiological effects observed in obese individuals. Oxidative stress is associated with obesity and may be considered to be a unifying mechanism in the development of obesity-related comorbidities. It has been reported that obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress; in turn, oxidative stress is associated with an irregular production of adipokines. We herein review the current knowledge of cardiac effects of leptin and the possible mechanisms that are involved, including oxidative stress that plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular damage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tran TP, Kim HG, Choi JH, Na MK, Jeong HG. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance is induced by mollugin in MCF-7/adriamycin cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:622-631. [PMID: 23466342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an important efflux transporter, is encoded by the MDR1 class of genes and is a central element of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon in cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated whether mollugin, purified from roots of Rubica cordifolia L., down-regulated MDR1 expression in MCF-7/adriamycin (MCF-7/adr) cells, a human breast multidrug-resistant cancer cell line. Mollugin treatment significantly inhibited MDR1 expression by blocking MDR1 transcription. Mollugin treatment also significantly increased intracellular accumulation of the fluorescently-tagged P-gp substrate, rhodamine-123. The suppression of MDR1 promoter activity and protein expression was mediated through mollugin-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, mollugin inhibited MDR1 expression through the suppression of NF-κB and CREB activation. Interestingly, mollugin also inhibited COX-2 expression. These results suggest that mollugin treatment enhanced suppression of P-gp expression by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and COX-2 expression, as well as attenuating CRE transcriptional activity through AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu Phuong Tran
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Involvement of Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:210604. [PMID: 23738323 PMCID: PMC3659465 DOI: 10.1155/2013/210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that mollugin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae), exhibits antitumor effects, its biological activity in oral cancer has not been reported. We thus investigated the effects and putative mechanism of apoptosis induced by mollugin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs). Results show that mollugin induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner in primary and metastatic OSCCs. Mollugin-induced cell death involved apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, flow cytometric analysis of sub-G1 phase arrest, and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that mollugin suppressed activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (FGF-2 and VEGF). Furthermore, mollugin induced the activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HO-1 were reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, this is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF-κB.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dysregulated Alternative Splicing Pattern of PKCδ during Differentiation of Human Preadipocytes Represents Distinct Differences between Lean and Obese Adipocytes. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:161345. [PMID: 24533217 PMCID: PMC3901959 DOI: 10.1155/2013/161345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities affect millions of people. Here, we demonstrate that human preadipocytes are susceptible to programmed cell death (apoptosis) while mature adipocytes are resistant to apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype of apoptosis-resistant adipocytes are lesser known. To study the role of apoptosis and define molecular differences in the developmental process of adipogenesis, human preadipocytes were differentiated in vitro to mature adipocytes. Many genes in the apoptosis pathway are alternatively spliced. Our data demonstrates that during differentiation PKC δ , Bclx, and Caspase9 switch to their prosurvival splice variants along with an increase in Bcl2 expression when the cells terminally differentiate into mature adipocytes. Next we determined the expression pattern of these genes in obesity. Our data indicated high expression of PKC δ VIII in adipose tissue of obese patient in different depots. We demonstrate a shift in the in vitro expression of these splice variants in differentiating preadipocytes derived from obese patients along with a decrease in adipogenesis markers. Hence, the programmed splicing of antiapoptotic proteins is a pivotal switch in differentiation that commits adipocytes to a prosurvival pathway. The expression pattern of these genes is dysregulated in obesity and may contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction.
Collapse
|
13
|
Do MT, Hwang YP, Kim HG, Na M, Jeong HG. Mollugin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by suppressing fatty acid synthase in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1087-97. [PMID: 23065756 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mollugin is a naphthohydroquine found in the roots of Rubia cordifolia, and has been reported to have a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which mollugin exerts anti-tumor effect in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Our results showed that mollugin exhibited potent inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, especially in HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells and SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting immortalized normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Furthermore, we found that a blockade of Akt/SREBP-1c signaling through mollugin treatment significantly reduced FAS expression and subsequently suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Mollugin treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level, potentially in part through suppression of NF-κB activation. The combination of mollugin with a MEK1/2 inhibitor may be required in order to achieve optimal efficacy in HER2-overexpressing cancers. These data provide evidence that mollugin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells by blocking expression of the FAS gene through modulation of a HER2/Akt/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that mollugin is a novel modulator of the HER2 pathway in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells with a potential role in the treatment and prevention of human breast and ovarian cancer with HER2 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Truong Do
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Selective inhibitory effects of mollugin on CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Zhou LL, Lin ZX, Fung KP, Che CT, Zhao M, Cheng CHK, Zuo Z. Ethyl acetate fraction of Radix rubiae inhibits cell growth and promotes terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:241-247. [PMID: 22580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese medicine practice, Radix rubiae, the dry root of Rubia cordifolia L. is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Our previous studies identified Radix rubiae to have potent antiproliferative action on cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and to induce keratinocyte differentiation in mouse tail model. The present study aimed to investigate whether Radix rubiae could also induce terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The cornified envelope (CE) formation assay showed that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Radix rubiae significantly accentuated the CE formation, a well-recognized marker of terminal differentiation, in cultured HEK and HaCaT cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Western blot analyses demonstrated that EA fraction of Radix rubiae at a concentration of 3.2μg/ml significantly increased transglutaminase type I and involucrin expression in both HEK and HaCaT keratinocytes after 96 h treatment, a response similar to that of Ca²⁺ positive control. Moreover, the expression level of cytokeratin 5/14, which is specifically related to cell proliferation, was significantly downregulated while terminal differentiation markers cytokeratin 1/10 were markedly increased by Radix rubiae treatment in both HEK and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION The present experimental findings unequivocally confirmed the keratinocyte terminal differentiation promoting capacity of Radix rubiae, and strongly suggest that Radix rubiae is a promising antipsoriatic agent warranting further clinical development for psoriasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Targeting adipocyte apoptosis: a novel strategy for obesity therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:1-4. [PMID: 22172945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing world problem that may cause several metabolic complications including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Development of therapeutic drugs for obesity has been proven difficult. Current strategies for weight reduction are inhibition of food intake through the central nervous system or blocking the absorption of lipids in the gut. These therapies have many side effects, so new treatments are urgently needed. Fat loss could also be achieved through a decrease in the size and number of adipocytes through apoptosis. Apoptosis is a normal phenomenon of cell death for the purpose of maintaining homeostasis. Induction of apoptosis is a reasonable way to remove adipocytes in obese patients. It is reported that several adipokines and natural products play roles in induction of adipocyte apoptosis. Here we review the recent progress of the roles and mechanisms of adipocyte apoptosis induced by leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and natural compounds.
Collapse
|