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Alharbi NFM, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102118. [PMID: 38841106 PMCID: PMC11152732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide an understanding of the influence of eugenol on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes (HLM). Specific substrate for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 were incubated in HLM with or without eugenol. The formation of their respective metabolites was assessed with HPLC analytical methods. Eugenol at 1, 10 and 100 µM levels inhibited the activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 by 23.38 %, 23.57 %, 39.80 % and 62.82 %, 63.27 %, 67.70 % respectively. While, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity was decreased by 40.70 %, 45.88 %, 62.68 % and 37.41 %, 42.58 % and 67.86 % at 1, 10 and 100 µM eugenol level respectively. The IC50 value of eugenol for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 was calculated as 11.09 ± 3.49 µM and 13.48 ± 3.86 µM respectively. Potential herb-drug interactions was noted when eugenol is administered simultaneously with medications metabolized by these enzymes, most notably CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Fahad M. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Feng C, Yang T, Wei X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li W. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination and pharmacokinetic studies of five phenolic acids in rat plasma after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5534. [PMID: 36271648 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of salvianolic acid D, rosmarinic acid, lithospermicic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid Y in rat plasma after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection. Three doses of administration, containing 10, 25, and 62.5 mg/kg, were investigated. Plasma samples were pretreated using protein precipitation with pre-cooled acetonitrile. As shown in S1, Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-methanol-0.5% aqueous formic acid (10:30:60, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. MS was detected by electrospray ion source negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was fully validated. The calibration curves for the five phenolic acids were linear in the given concentration ranges. The extraction recoveries, matrix effects, intra-day and inter-day precisions, and accuracies of the five analytes were all within acceptable limits. No significant difference of elimination half-life time (T1/2 ) of five analytes at three doses was observed. Area under the curve and peak concentration (Cmax ) of the five analytes demonstrated a linear increase in the doses with the linear correlation r of each analyte at three doses being greater than 0.915. It indicated that the pharmacokinetic behavior of is positively related to the dose in the range of 10-62.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiyu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Houru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Wang X, Fa J, Zhang Y, Huang S, Liu J, Gao J, Xing L, Liu Z, Wang X. Evaluation of Herb–Drug Interaction Between Danshen and Rivaroxaban in Rat and Human Liver Microsomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950525. [PMID: 35928264 PMCID: PMC9343791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and rivaroxaban is a promising treatment option in clinical practice in China, but the herb–drug interaction between Danshen and rivaroxaban remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the interaction between Danshen and rivaroxaban. We not only investigated the inhibitory properties of Danshen tablet on rivaroxaban metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes but also evaluated the inhibitory effects of Danshen tablet and its eight active components (dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, danshensu, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid C) on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The results showed that Danshen tablet potently inhibited the metabolism of rivaroxaban in rat and human liver microsomes. In the CYP inhibition study, we found that dihydrotanshinone I, the active component of Danshen tablet, potently inhibited the activities of rat CYP3A and CYP2J, with IC50 values at 13.85 and 6.39 μM, respectively. In further inhibition kinetic study, we found that Danshen tablet is a mixed inhibitor in rivaroxaban metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes, with the Ki value at 0.72 and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, there is a potential interaction between Danshen tablet and rivaroxaban. Danshen tablet inhibits the metabolism of rivaroxaban, which may be because its lipid-soluble components such as dihydrotanshinone I strongly inhibit the activities of CYP enzymes, especially CYP3A and CYP2J. Therefore, when Danshen tablet and rivaroxaban are used simultaneously in the clinic, it is necessary to strengthen the drug monitoring of rivaroxaban and adjust the dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Fa
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Putuo Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Putuo Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongjun Liu, ; Xin Wang,
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongjun Liu, ; Xin Wang,
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Liu J, Shi Y, Wu C, Hong B, Peng D, Yu N, Wang G, Wang L, Chen W. Comparison of Sweated and Non-Sweated Ethanol Extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) Effects on Human and rat Hepatic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase and Preclinic Herb-Drug Interaction Potential Evaluation. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:473-483. [PMID: 35585828 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220517115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethanol of Danshen (DEE) preparation has been widely used to treat cardiac-cerebral disease and cancer. Sweating is one of the primary processing methods of Danshen, which greatly influenced its quality and pharmacological properties. Sweated and non-sweated DEE preparation combining with various synthetic drugs, adding up the possibility of herbal-drug interactions. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of sweated and non-sweated DEE on human and rat hepatic UGT enzymes expression and activity and proposed a potential mechanism. METHODS The expression of two processed DEE on rat UGT1A, UGT2B and nuclear receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were investigated after intragastric administration in rats by Western blot. Enzyme activity of DEE and its active ingredients (Tanshinone I, Cryptotanshinone, and Tanshinone I) on UGT isoenzymes was evaluated by quantifying probe substrate metabolism and metabolite formation in vitro using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. RESULTS The two processed DEE (5.40 g/kg) improved UGT1A (P<0.01) and UGT2B (P<0.05) protein expression, and the non-sweated DEE (2.70 g/kg) upregulated UGT2B expression protein (P<0.05), compared with the CMCNa group. On day 28, UGT1A protein expression was increased (P<0.05) both in two processed DEE groups, meanwhile the non-sweated DEE significantly enhanced UGT2B protein expression (P<0.05) on day 21, compared with the CMCNa group. The process underlying this mechanism involved with the activation of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, and PPARα; In vitro, sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the activity of human UGT1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A1, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Non-sweated DEE (0-80 μg/mL) dramatically suppressed the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 2B4, and 2B15, and rat UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A7, and 1A9 (P<0.05); Tanshinone I (0-1 μM) inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3, 1A6, and 1A7 (P<0.01) and rat UGT1A3, 1A6, 1A7, and 1A8 (P<0.05). Cryptotanshinone (0-1 μM) remarkably inhibited the activity of human UGT1A3 and 1A7 (P<0.05) and rat UGT1A7, 1A8, and 1A9 (P<0.05). Nonetheless, Tanshinone IIA (0-2 μM) is not a potent UGT inhibitor both in humans and rats; Additionally, there existed significant differences between two processed DEE in expression of PXR, and the activity of human UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, and 2B15 and rat UGT1A3 and 2B15 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The effects of two processed DEE on hepatic UGT enzyme expression and activity were different. Accordingly, the combined usage of related UGTs substrates with DEE and its monomer components preparations may call for caution, depending on the drug's exposure-response relationship and dose adjustment. Besides, it is vital to pay attention to the distinction between sweated and non-sweated Danshen in clinic, which exerted an important influence on its pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Bangzhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui,230012, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
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Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Li L, Huang S, Yi S, Hu Z. Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806300. [PMID: 35387325 PMCID: PMC8978630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the health care system developed with the help of clinical trials that are based ideally on the scientific model of regulation. Objective: This systematic health care system relies on some specific unique theories and practical experiences to treat and cure diseases, thus enhancing the public's health. Review Methodology: The current review covers the available literature from 2000 to 2021. The data was collected from journals research articles, published books, thesis, and electronic databases, search engines such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, EBSCO, PMC, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, Springer Link, and CNKI) searching key terms, cardiovascular disease, traditional Chinese medicines, natural products, and bioactive compounds. Full-length articles and abstracts were screened for the collection of information included in the paper. Results: Clinical trials on the TCM and basic research carried out on its mechanism and nature have led to the application and development of the perfect design of the research techniques, for example, twofold striking in acupuncture that aid in overcoming the limitations and resistances in integrating and applicability of these experiences and trials into the pre-existing biomedical models. Furthermore, TCM has also been utilized from ancient times to treat heart diseases in Asia, particularly in China, and is now used by people in many other areas. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is mainly developed by oxidative stress. Hence antioxidants can be beneficial in treating this particular disease. TCM has a wide variety of antioxidant components. Conclusion: The current review article summarizes the underlying therapeutic property of TCM and its mechanism. It also overviews the evidence of the mechanism of TCM action in CVD prevention by controlling oxidative stress and its signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Yi
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixi Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Xu Q, Yu F, Hao Z, Wu W, Sun Y, Wang T, Li G, Lv Q, Hu Z. Metabolism and transporter based drug–drug interaction of tacrolimus with nine co-medicated injections. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Sun D, Lu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Yao B, Guo Y, Wang X. Characterization of a Novel CYP1A2 Knockout Rat Model Constructed by CRISPR/Cas9. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:638-647. [PMID: 34074728 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP1A2, as one of the most important cytochrome P450 isoforms, is involved in the biotransformation of many important endogenous and exogenous substances. CYP1A2 also plays an important role in the development of many diseases because it is involved in the biotransformation of precancerous substances and poisons. Although the generation of Cyp1a2 knockout (KO) mouse model has been reported, there are still no relevant rat models for the study of CYP1A2-mediated pharmacokinetics and diseases. In this report, CYP1A2 KO rat model was established successfully by CRISPR/Cas9 without any detectable off-target effect. Compared with wild-type rats, this model showed a loss of CYP1A2 protein expression in the liver. The results of pharmacokinetics in vivo and incubation in vitro of specific substrates of CYP1A2 confirmed the lack of function of CYP1A2 in KO rats. In further studies of potential compensatory effects, we found that CYP1A1 was significantly upregulated, and CYP2E1, CYP3A2, and liver X receptor β were downregulated in KO rats. In addition, CYP1A2 KO rats exhibited a significant increase in serum cholesterol and free testosterone accompanied by mild liver damage and lipid deposition, suggesting that CYP1A2 deficiency affects lipid metabolism and liver function to a certain extent. In summary, we successfully constructed the CYP1A2 KO rat model, which provides a useful tool for studying the metabolic function and physiologic function of CYP1A2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human CYP1A2 not only metabolizes clinical drugs and pollutants but also mediates the biotransformation of endogenous substances and plays an important role in the development of many diseases. However, there are no relevant CYP1A2 rat models for the research of pharmacokinetics and diseases. This study successfully established CYP1A2 knockout rat model by using CRISPR/Cas9. This rat model provides a powerful tool to study the function of CYP1A2 in drug metabolism and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Sun
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital (D.S., J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, B.Y., Y.G., X.W.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences (D.S, J.Lu, Y.Z., J.Liu, X.W.), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Putuo District (Z.L.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of acacetin inhibition potential against cytochrome P450 in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109147. [PMID: 32738202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin is a natural flavonoid that is widely distributed in plants and possesses numerous pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acacetin on the activities of the cytochrome P450 family members CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro and rats in vivo to evaluate potential herb-drug interactions by using a cocktail approach. Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and midazolam were chosen as the probe substrates. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous detection of the probe substrates and their metabolites. In vitro, the mode of acacetin inhibition of CYP2B1, CYP2C11, and CYP2E1 was competitive, while mixed inhibition was observed for CYP1A2 and CYP3A2. The Ki values in this study were less than 8.32 μM. In vivo, the mixed probe substrates were administered by gavage after daily intraperitoneal injection with 50 mg/kg acacetin or saline for 2 weeks. The main pharmacokinetic parameters, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), plasma clearance (CL), and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of the probe substrates were significantly different in the experimental group than in the control group. Overall, the in vitro and in vivo results indicated that acacetin would be at high risk to cause toxicity and drug interactions via cytochrome P450 inhibition.
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Lu J, Chen A, Ma X, Shang X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu M, Wang X. Generation and Characterization of Cytochrome P450 2J3/10 CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Rat Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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10
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Effect of Naltrexone Hydrochloride on Cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 43:707-713. [PMID: 29744741 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 are the most important phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, but there is a dearth of literature available on the effects of naltrexone hydrochloride on these major enzymes present in the human liver. Thus, in the present study, the effect of naltrexone hydrochloride on the activity of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 using human liver microsomes (HLM) was investigated. METHODS A selective probe for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 was incubated with HLM with or without naltrexone hydrochloride. Phenacetin O-deethylation, tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation, dextromethorphan O-demethylation, and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation reactions were monitored for enzyme activity. RESULTS The activity of all the studied CYP enzymes except 1A2 was significantly inhibited by naltrexone hydrochloride 1 µM. Furthermore, 1 µM naltrexone hydrochloride inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity, the most by 37.9% followed by CYP2C9 (36.5%) and CYP2D6 (31.8%). The CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 metabolic activities were greatly affected by naltrexone hydrochloride, which even at the lowest concentration of naltrexone hydrochloride (0.01 µM) significantly decreased the metabolic activity by 34.9 and 16.0%, respectively. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values for CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 inhibition were 3.40 ± 1.78 and 5.92 ± 1.58 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION These outcomes advocate that there is a great possibility of drug interactions resulting from the concurrent administration of naltrexone hydrochloride with actives that are metabolized by these CYP enzymes, particularly CYP2C9 and CYP2D6. Nevertheless, further clarification is needed through detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic studies.
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Feng P, Zhao L, Guo F, Zhang B, Fang L, Zhan G, Xu X, Fang Q, Liang Z, Li B. The enhancement of cardiotoxicity that results from inhibiton of CYP 3A4 activity and hERG channel by berberine in combination with statins. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:115-123. [PMID: 30086269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of most endogenous and exogenous compounds is usually produced by the oxidation of cytochrome P450. Due to drug-drug interactions caused by the inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes, changes in drug metabolism are the major causes of drug toxicity, CYP3A4 is one of the key isozymes, and involved in the metabolism of over 60% of clinical drugs. Human ether-a-go-go related genes (hERG) potassium channel is the most important target of many drugs and plays an important role in cardiac repolarization. Blockade of this channel may lead to long QT syndrome (LQTS), leading to sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the inhibitory properties of drugs on cytochrome P450 enzymes and hERG channel. We primarily evaluate the safety of berberine in combination with statins. Based on these findings, berberine in combination with statins has a greater inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity and CYP3A4 protein and mRNA expression than berberine alone. Simvastatin and atorvastatin reduce hERG current by accelerating channel inactivation. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of berberine and statin combination increased on hERG current by reducing the time constant of inactivation than the single drug alone. These results indicate that berberine in combination with statins can increase cardiotoxicity by inhibiting CYP3A4 and hERG channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Fengfeng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xueqi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhaoguang Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Baoxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by thymoquinone in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:673-677. [PMID: 29989011 PMCID: PMC6035319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on the metabolic activity of four major drug metabolizing enzymes in human liver microsomes, namely cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The inhibition of CYP enzymatic activities by TQ was evaluated by incubating typical substrates (phenacetin for CYP1A2, tolbutamide for CYP2C9, dextromethorphan for CYP2D6, and testosterone for CYP3A4) with human liver microsomes and NADPH in the absence or presence of TQ (1, 10 and 100 µM). The respective metabolite of the substrate that was formed was measured by HPLC. Results of the presented study presented that the metabolic activities of all the investigated CYP enzymes, viz. CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, were inhibited by TQ. At 1 µM TQ, CYP2C9 enzyme activity was maximally inhibited by 46.35%, followed by CYP2D6 (20.26%) > CYP1A2 (13.52%) > CYP3A4 (12.82%). However, at 10 µM TQ, CYP2C9 enzyme activity was maximally inhibited by 69.69%, followed by CYP3A4 (23.59%) > CYP1A2 (23.51%) > CYP2D6 (11.42%). At 100 µM TQ, CYP1A2 enzyme activity was maximally inhibited by 81.92%, followed by CYP3A4 (79.24%) > CYP2C9 (69.22%) > CYP2D6 (28.18%). The IC50 (mean ± SE) values for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibition were 26.5 ± 2.9 µM, 0.5 ± 0.4 µM, >500 µM and 25.2 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. These findings suggest that there is a high probability of drug interactions resulting from the co-administration of TQ or herbs containing TQ with drugs that are metabolized by the CYP enzymes, particularly CYP2C9.
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Influence of Shenxiong Glucose Injection on the Activities of Six CYP Isozymes and Metabolism of Warfarin in Rats Assessed Using Probe Cocktail and Pharmacokinetic Approaches. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111994. [PMID: 29156621 PMCID: PMC6150296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Shenxiong glucose injection (SGI), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation, has been widely used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for many years. We assessed the potential influences of SGI on the activities of six CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2C19, CYP2D4, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2) and on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. We compared plasma pharmacokinetics of six probe drugs (caffeine/CYP1A2, tolbutamide/CYP2C11, omeprazole/CYP2C19, metoprolol/CYP2D4, chlorzoxazone/CYP2E1, and midazolam/CYP3A2) and of warfarin between control and SGI-pretreated groups, to estimate the effect on the relative activities of the six isozymes and warfarin metabolism. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine, omeprazole, metoprolol, chlorzoxazone, and midazolam between the SGI-pretreated and control groups. However, many pharmacokinetic parameters of tolbutamide in SGI-pretreated rats were affected significantly (p < 0.05), and indicated tolbutamide metabolism in the former group was markedly slower. Moreover, SGI reduced the clearance of warfarin. These results suggested SGI showed no effects on the enzyme activities of rat CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D4, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2, but inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP2C11, and improved the blood concentration of warfarin. This suggests that the dose of warfarin may need be adjusted when co-administrated with SGI.
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Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots against Cardiovascular Disease: Consideration of Herb-Drug Interactions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9868694. [PMID: 28473993 PMCID: PMC5394393 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9868694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza root (Danshen) is widely used in Asia for its cardiovascular benefits and contains both hydrophilic phenolic acids and lipophilic tanshinones, which are believed to be responsible for its therapeutic efficacy. This review summarized the effects of these bioactive components from S. miltiorrhiza roots on pharmacokinetics of comedicated drugs with mechanic insights regarding alterations of protein binding, enzyme activity, and transporter activity based on the published data stemming from both in vitro and in vivo human studies. In vitro studies indicated that cytochrome P450 (CYP450), carboxylesterase enzyme, catechol-O-methyltransferase, organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3, and P-glycoprotein were the major targets involved in S. miltiorrhiza-drug interactions. Lipophilic tanshinones had much more potent inhibitory effects towards CYPs activities compared to hydrophilic phenolic acids, evidenced by much lower Ki values of the former. Clinical S. miltiorrhiza-drug interaction studies were mainly conducted using CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 probe substrates. In addition, the effects of coexisting components on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of those noted bioactive compounds were also included herein.
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CRISPR knockout rat cytochrome P450 3A1/2 model for advancing drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics research. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42922. [PMID: 28218310 PMCID: PMC5317174 DOI: 10.1038/srep42922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A accounts for nearly 30% of the total CYP enzymes in the human liver and participates in the metabolism of over 50% of clinical drugs. Moreover, CYP3A plays an important role in chemical metabolism, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. New animal models are needed to investigate CYP3A functions, especially for drug metabolism. In this report, Cyp3a1/2 double knockout (KO) rats were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and then were characterized for viability and physiological status. The Cyp3a1/2 double KO rats were viable and fertile, and had no obvious physiological abnormities. Compared with the wild-type (WT) rat, Cyp3a1/2 expression was completely absent in the liver of the KO rat. In vitro and in vivo metabolic studies of the CYP3A1/2 substrates indicated that CYP3A1/2 was functionally inactive in double KO rats. The Cyp3a1/2 double KO rat model was successfully generated and characterized. The Cyp3a1/2 KO rats are a novel rodent animal model that will be a powerful tool for the study of the physiological and pharmacological roles of CYP3A, especially in drug and chemical metabolism in vivo.
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Chen A, Zhou X, Tang S, Liu M, Wang X. Evaluation of the inhibition potential of plumbagin against cytochrome P450 using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28482. [PMID: 27329697 PMCID: PMC4916434 DOI: 10.1038/srep28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural naphthoquinone compound isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica L., has drawn a lot of attention for its plenty of pharmacological properties including antidiabetes and anti-cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plumbagin on CYP1A2, CYP2B1/6, CYP2C9/11, CYP2D1/6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2/4 activities in human and rat liver and evaluate the potential herb-drug interactions using the cocktail approach. All CYP substrates and their metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Plumbagin presented non-time-dependent inhibition of CYP activities in both human and rat liver. In humans, plumbagin was not only a mixed inhibitor of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, but also a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2, with Ki values no more than 2.16 μM. In rats, the mixed inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2D1, and competitive inhibition for CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 with Ki values less than 9.93 μM were observed. In general, the relatively low Ki values of plumbagin in humans would have a high potential to cause the toxicity and drug interactions involving CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Zhi D, Feng PF, Sun JL, Guo F, Zhang R, Zhao X, Li BX. The enhancement of cardiac toxicity by concomitant administration of Berberine and macrolides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Sun M, Tang Y, Ding T, Liu M, Wang X. Inhibitory effects of celastrol on rat liver cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C11, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A2 activity. Fitoterapia 2014; 92:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Hu T, Or PMY, Wong J, Kwan YW, Wan DCC, Hoi PM, Lai PBS, Yeung JHK. Enzyme kinetic and molecular docking studies for the inhibitions of miltirone on major human cytochrome P450 isozymes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:367-374. [PMID: 23102508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that major tanshinones isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) inhibited human and rat CYP450 enzymes-mediated metabolism of model probe substrates, with potential in causing herb-drug interactions. Miltirone, another abietane type-diterpene quinone isolated from Danshen, has been reported for its anti-oxidative, anxiolytic and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to study the effect of miltirone on the metabolism of model probe substrates of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4 in pooled human liver microsomes. Miltirone showed moderate inhibition on CYP1A2 (IC(50)=1.73 μM) and CYP2C9 (IC(50)=8.61 μM), and weak inhibition on CYP2D6 (IC(50)=30.20 μM) and CYP3A4 (IC(50)=33.88 μM). Enzyme kinetic studies showed that miltirone competitively inhibited CYP2C9 (K(i)=1.48 μM), and displayed mixed type inhibitions on CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 with K(i) values of 3.17 μM, 24.25 μM and 35.09 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study further confirmed the ligand-binding conformations of miltirone in the active sites of these human CYP450 isoforms, and provided some information on structure-activity relationships for the CYPs inhibition by tanshinones. Taken together, CYPs inhibitions of miltirone were weaker than dihydrotanshinone, but stronger than cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Or PMY, Wan DCC, Kwan YW, Yeung JHK. Molecular docking and enzyme kinetic studies of dihydrotanshinone on metabolism of a model CYP2D6 probe substrate in human liver microsomes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:648-657. [PMID: 22541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Danshen and its active components (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone and cryptotanshinone) on CYP2D6 activity was investigated by measuring the metabolism of a model CYP2D6 probe substrate, dextromethorphan to dextrorphan in human pooled liver microsomes. The ethanolic extract of crude Danshen (6.25-100 μg/ml) decreased dextromethorphan O-demethylation in vitro (IC(50)=23.3 μg/ml) and the water extract of crude Danshen (0.0625-1 mg/ml) showed no inhibition. A commercially available Danshen pill (31.25-500 μg/ml) also decreased CYP2D6 activity (IC(50)=265.8 μg/ml). Among the tanshinones, only dihydrotanshinone significantly inhibited CYP2D6 activity (IC(50)=35.4 μM), compared to quinidine, a specific CYP2D6 inhibitor (IC(50)=0.9 μM). Crytotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA produced weak inhibition, with IC(20) of 40.8 μM, 16.5 μM and 61.4 μM, respectively. Water soluble components such as salvianolic acid B and danshensu did not affect CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by the ethanolic extract of crude Danshen and dihydrotanshinone was concentration-dependent, with K(i) values of 4.23 μg/ml and 2.53 μM, respectively, compared to quinidine, K(i)=0.41 μM. Molecular docking study confirmed that dihydrotanshinone and tanshinone I interacted with the Phe120 amino acid residue in the active cavity of CYP2D6 through Pi-Pi interaction, but did not interact with Glu216 and Asp301, the key residues for substrate binding. The logarithm of free binding energy of dihydrotanshinone (-7.6 kcal/mol) to Phe120 was comparable to quinidine (-7.0 kcal/mol) but greater than tanshinone I (-5.4 kcal/mol), indicating dihydrotanshinone has similar affinity to quinidine in binding to the catalytic site on CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yeung JHK, Or PMY. Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor competitively inhibit model cytochrome P450 enzyme probe substrates metabolism in human liver microsomes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:457-463. [PMID: 22305191 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor, is commonly used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy or health supplement in China. Previous studies have shown that PSP decreased antipyrine clearance and inhibited rat CYP2C11-mediated tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation and in human CYP2C9. In this study, the effects of the water extractable fraction of PSP on the metabolism of model CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 probe substrates were investigated in pooled human liver microsomes. PSP (1.25-20μM) dose-dependently decreased CYP1A2-mediated metabolism of phenacetin to paracetamol (IC(50) 19.7μM) and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of testosterone to 6β-hydroxytestosterone (IC(20) 7.06μM). Enzyme kinetics studies showed the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity was competitive and concentration-dependent (K(i)=18.4μM). Inhibition of testosterone to 6β-hydroxytestosterone was also competitive and concentration-dependent (K(i)=31.8μM). Metabolism of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan (CYP2D6-mediated) and chlorzoxazone to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (CYP2E1-mediated) was only minimally inhibited by PSP, with IC(20) values at 15.6μM and 11.9μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that PSP competitively inhibited the CYP1A2- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of model probe substrates in human liver microsomes in vitro. The relatively high K(i) values for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 would suggest a low potential for PSP to cause herb-drug interaction related to these CYP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wang X, Yeung JHK. Investigation of cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A inhibitory properties of Danshen tincture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:348-354. [PMID: 22056022 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) as a famous Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the world. Danshen tincture (DT), extracted from Danshen root with a mixture of water and alcohol, is a commonly used preparation method for human consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DT on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A activities by human and rat liver microsomes. Effects of DT were assessed with use of Danshen ethanolic extract (DEE) and selective substrates, markers of CYP activities. DEE (0.5-10 μg/ml) competitively inhibited human and rat liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity with inhibition constant (K(i)) values at 3.40 and 5.16 μg/ml, respectively. At the same time, DEE (2.5-20 μg/ml) not only noncompetitively inhibited human liver microsomal CYP3A4/5 activity with a K(i) of 11.9 μg/ml, but also competitively inhibited rat liver microsomal CYP3A1/2 activity with a K(i) of 52.1 μg/ml. The data indicate that DEE inhibited the metabolism of CYP1A2 and 3A substrates in human and rat liver in vitro with different mode of inhibition. This study may be helpful for clinical application of Danshen tincture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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