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Zainol Abidin IZ, Johari AN, Yazid MD, Zainal Ariffin Z, Eziwar Dyari HR, Zainal Ariffin SH. Osteogenic Potential and Bioactive Profiles of Piper sarmentosum Ethanolic Extract-Treated Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050708. [PMID: 37242491 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper sarmentosum is a well-known traditional herbal plant in various diseases treatments. Multiple scientific studies have also reported various biological activities exhibited by the plant's extract, such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antihyperglycemic activities, and, in addition, a bone protective effect in ovariectomized rats has been reported. However, no known Piper sarmentosum extract is involved in osteoblast differentiation using stem cells. Our study aims to identify the potential of P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells. Prior to the assay, the proliferation ability of the cells was observed for 14 days and the presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the culture was determined by the expression of SLAMF1 and CD34 genes. During the differentiation assay, the cells were treated with P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract for 14 days. Osteoblast differentiation was examined using an (alkaline phosphatase) ALP assay, by monitoring the expression of osteogenic gene markers and by von Kossa staining. The untreated cells served as the negative control, while cells treated with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate acted as the positive control. Finally, the determination of the compound profile was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The isolated cells were able to proliferate for 14 days during the proliferation assay. The expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers was also upregulated during the 14 days assay. Following the differentiation induction, the ALP activity exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) from day 3 of the differentiation assay. A molecular analysis also showed that the osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, OPN and OCN were upregulated compared to the positive control. The presence of mineralized cells with a brownish-stained morphology was observed, indicating the mineralization process increased in a time-dependent manner regardless of the concentration used. There were 54 compounds observed in the GC-MS analysis, including β-asarones, carvacrol and phytol, which have been shown to possess osteoinductive capacities. Our results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of P. sarmentosum can induce osteoblast differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells. The extract contains potent compounds which can potentially induce the differentiation of bone cells, i.e., osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anis Nabilah Johari
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Red Marine Algae Lithothamnion calcareum Supports Dental Enamel Mineralization. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020109. [PMID: 36827150 PMCID: PMC9963885 DOI: 10.3390/md21020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current management of oral conditions such as dental caries and erosion mostly relies on fluoride-based formulations. Herein, we proposed the use of the remaining skeleton of Lithothamnion calcareum (LC) as an alternative to fluorides. LC is a red macroalgae of the Corallinales order, occurring in the northeast coast of Brazil, whose unique feature is the abundant presence of calcium carbonates in its cell walls. Two experimental approaches tested the general hypothesis that LC could mediate enamel de-remineralization dynamics as efficiently as fluorides. Firstly, the effect of LC on enamel de-mineralization was determined in vitro by microhardness and gravimetric measurements to test the hypothesis that LC could either prevent calcium/phosphate release from intact enamel or facilitate calcium/phosphate reprecipitation on an artificially demineralized enamel surface. Subsequently, an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control study measured the effect of LC on the remineralization of chemical-demineralized enamel using microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence. With this second experiment, we wanted to test whether outcomes obtained in experiment 1 would be confirmed by an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control model. Both experiments showed that LC exhibited equivalent or superior ability to modulate enamel de-remineralization when compared to fluoride solution. LC should be explored as an alternative to manage oral conditions involving the enamel demineralization.
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Yu T, Petrovic M, Attia A, Galindo D, Staub MC, Kim S, Li CY, Marcolongo M. MC3T3 E1 cell response to mineralized nanofiber shish kebab structures. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1601-1610. [PMID: 33608965 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) are of growing interest because of their extensive utility in tissue engineering, particularly in biomimetic approaches where multifunctionality is critical. We synthesized polycaprolactone-polyacrylic acid (PCL-b-PAA) BCP and crystallized it onto PCL nanofibers, making BCP nanofiber shish kebab (BCP NFSK) structures. When mineralized in 2× simulated body fluid, BCP NFSK mimic the structure of mineralized collagen fibrils. We hypothesized that the addition of a calcium phosphate layer of graded roughness on the nano-structure of the nanofiber shish kebabs would enhance preosteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which has been shown to be a critical component in bone matrix formation. The objectives in the study were to investigate the effect of mineralization on cell proliferation and ALP activity, and to also investigate the effect of BCP NFSK periodicity, a structural feature describing the distance between PCL-b-PAA crystals on the nanofiber core, on cell proliferation, and ALP activity. ALP activity of cells cultured on the mineralized BCP NFSK template was significantly higher than the nonmineralized BCP NFSK templates. Interestingly, no statistical difference was observed in ALP activity when the periodic varied, indicating that surface chemistry seemed to play a larger role than the surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Petrovic
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aria Attia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diego Galindo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark C Staub
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele Marcolongo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Garcia ALH, Picinini J, Silveira MD, Camassola M, Visentim APV, Salvador M, da Silva J. Fluorosilicic acid induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 861-862:503297. [PMID: 33551106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excess fluoride in water can produce changes in tooth enamel mineralization and lead to diseases such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. The present study aimed to assess the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress, and osteoblastic mineralization induced by fluorosilicic acid (FA) in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were isolated from the femurs and tibias of rats and cultured under standard conditions. Cells exposure occurred for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days to different concentrations of FA (0.6-9.6 mg/L). Cytotoxicity was observed in 14 and 21 days of exposure for all concentrations of FA (cell proliferation below 60%), and for 3 and 7 days, in which the proliferation was above 80%. Alkaline comet assay results demonstrated significant increased damage at concentrations of 0.3-2.4 mg/L, and the micronucleus test showed increased rates for micronucleus (1.2-2.4 mg/L) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) (0.3-2.4 mg/L) (P < 0.05/Dunnett's test). An alkaline comet assay modified by repair endonuclease (FPG) was used to detect oxidized nucleobases, which occurred at 0.6 mg/L. The oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant activity (TAC). Only lipid peroxidation was increased at concentrations of 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L (P < 0.001/Tukey's test). The osteogenesis process determined the level of extracellular matrix mineralization. The mean concentration of Alizarin red increased significantly in 14 days at the 0.6 mg/L concentration group (P < 0.05/Tukey's test) compared to the control group, and a significant difference between the groups regarding the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed. Unlike other studies, our results indicated that FA in BM-MSCs at concentrations used in drinking water induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and acceleration of bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L H Garcia
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiele D Silveira
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melissa Camassola
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P V Visentim
- Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino 610, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino 610, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Screening for osteogenic activity in extracts from Irish marine organisms: The potential of Ceramium pallidum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207303. [PMID: 30485314 PMCID: PMC6261572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts and compounds derived from marine organisms have reportedly shown some osteogenic potential. As such, these bioactives may aid in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoporosis; helping to address inefficacies with current treatment options. In this study, 72 fractions were tested for their in vitro osteogenic activity using a human foetal osteoblast (hFOB) cell line and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), focusing on their cytotoxic, proliferative and differentiation effects. Extracts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol showed no significant osteogenic potential. However, two extracts derived from powder residues (left over from original organic extractions) caused a significant promotion of MSC differentiation. Bioactivity from powder residues derived from the epiphytic red algae Ceramium pallidum is described in detail to highlight its treatment potential. In vitro, C. pallidum was shown to promote MSC differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralisation. In vivo, this extract caused a significant increase in opercular bone growth of zebrafish larvae and a significant increase in bone density of regenerated adult caudal fins. Our findings therefore show the importance of continued screening efforts, particularly of novel extract sources, and the presence of bioactive compounds in C. pallidum extract.
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Bioactive Compounds from Marine Organisms: Potential for Bone Growth and Healing. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090340. [PMID: 30231464 PMCID: PMC6163760 DOI: 10.3390/md16090340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms represent a highly diverse reserve of bioactives which could aid in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including various musculoskeletal conditions. Osteoporosis in particular would benefit from a novel and effective marine-based treatment, due to its large disease burden and the inefficiencies of current treatment options. Osteogenic bioactives have been isolated from many marine organisms, including nacre powder derived from molluscan shells and fucoidan—the sulphated polysaccharide commonly sourced from brown macroalgae. Such extracts and compounds are known to have a range of osteogenic effects, including stimulation of osteoblast activity and mineralisation, as well as suppression of osteoclast resorption. This review describes currently known soluble osteogenic extracts and compounds from marine invertebrates and algae, and assesses their preclinical potential.
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Carson MA, Nelson J, Cancela ML, Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Rae M, Heesch S, Verzin E, Maggs C, Gilmore BF, Clarke SA. Red algal extracts from Plocamium lyngbyanum and Ceramium secundatum stimulate osteogenic activities in vitro and bone growth in zebrafish larvae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7725. [PMID: 29769706 PMCID: PMC5956103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the current trend for bioprospecting, marine organisms - particularly algae - are becoming increasingly known for their osteogenic potential. Such organisms may provide novel treatment options for osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal conditions, helping to address their large healthcare burden and the limitations of current therapies. In this study, extracts from two red algae – Plocamium lyngbyanum and Ceramium secundatum – were tested in vitro and in vivo for their osteogenic potential. In vitro, the growth of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) was significantly greater in the presence of the extracts, particularly with P. lyngbyanum treatment. Osteogenic differentiation was promoted more by C. secundatum (70 µg/ml), though P. lyngbyanum had greater in vitro mineralisation potential. Both species caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the opercular bone area of zebrafish larvae. Our findings therefore indicate the presence of bioactive components in P. lyngbyanum and C. secundatum extracts, which can promote both in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Carson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - John Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Margaret Rae
- Marine Institute and Irish Seaweed Research Group, Rinville, Oranmore, Co., Galway, Ireland
| | - Svenja Heesch
- Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugene Verzin
- Orthopaedic department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Maggs
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Marine algae extract attenuated osteoporosis in OVX mice, enhanced osteogenesis on human mesenchymal stem cells and promoted OPG expression. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Brennan O, Sweeney J, O'Meara B, Widaa A, Bonnier F, Byrne HJ, O'Gorman DM, O'Brien FJ. A Natural, Calcium-Rich Marine Multi-mineral Complex Preserves Bone Structure, Composition and Strength in an Ovariectomised Rat Model of Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2017. [PMID: 28647775 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium supplements are used as an aid in the prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis and also for the treatment of patients when used along with medication. Many of these supplements are calcium carbonate based. This study compared a calcium-rich, marine multi-mineral complex (Aquamin) to calcium carbonate in an ovariectomised rat model of osteoporosis in order to assess Aquamin's efficacy in preventing the onset of bone loss. Animals were randomly assigned to either non-ovariectomy control (Control), ovariectomy (OVX) plus calcium carbonate, ovariectomy plus Aquamin or ovariectomy plus Aquamin delay where Aquamin treatment started 8 weeks post OVX. At the end of the 20-week study, the trabecular architecture was measured using micro computed tomography, bone composition was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the mechanical properties were assessed using nanoindentation and three-point bend testing. The study demonstrates that oral ingestion of Aquamin results in less deterioration of trabecular bone structure, mineral composition and tissue level biomechanical properties in the tibia of rats following ovariectomy than calcium carbonate. This study has shown that in an animal model of osteoporosis, Aquamin is superior to calcium carbonate at slowing down the onset of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Brennan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Sweeney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Meara
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amro Widaa
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Franck Bonnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Denise M O'Gorman
- Marigot Ltd, Strand Farm, Currabinny, Carrigaline, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Marudhupandi T, Rajasekar P, Prabhu NM. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Spatoglossum asperum. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:296-304. [PMID: 28522000 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan was extracted productively from Spatoglossum asperum and its antioxidant and antibacterial potential against Aeromonos hydrophila was investigated. The isolated fucoidan was characterized by HPLC, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The isolated fucoidan contained 60.9% fucose, 21.35±0.81% sulfate and 4.2±0.56% protein, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. The extracted fucoidan showed antioxidant properties in a dose-dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of isolated fucoidan was tested against A. hydrophila using agar bioassay, agar well diffusion and confocal assays. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration was obtained at 100μg/ml and the maximum zone of inhibition (33mm) was observed at 150μg/ml of fucoidan concentration in agar bioassay and agar well diffusion assay. The experimental results proved that the extracted fucoidan from S. asperum possesses admirable antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Palanisamy
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Manoharan Vinosha
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Thangapandi Marudhupandi
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai 600 119, India; Hi-Tech Vet Pharma, Animal Health Solution, Research & Developement, Brindavanam, Nellore 524 001, A.P, India
| | - Periyannan Rajasekar
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Narayanan Marimuthu Prabhu
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India.
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Park MH, Kim S, Cheon J, Lee J, Kim BK, Lee SH, Kong C, Kim YY, Kim M. Effects of Scytosiphon lomentaria on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:148-53. [PMID: 27087897 PMCID: PMC4819124 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bone formation and bone resorption continuously occur in bone tissue to prevent the accumulation of old bone, this being called bone remodeling. Osteoblasts especially play a crucial role in bone formation through the differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Scytosiphon lomentaria extract (SLE) on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS A cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and protein expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were carried out to assess the osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS The results indicated that treatment of SLE promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and improved ALP activity. And, SLE treatment significantly promoted mineralized nodule formation compared with control. In addition, cells treated with SLE significantly upregulated protein expression of ALP, type 1 collagen, bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, and osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that SLE promote differentiation inducement and proliferation of osteoblasts and, therefore may help to elucidate the transcriptional mechanism of bone formation and possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Cheon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Juyeong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Changsuk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Yuck Yong Kim
- ISFOOD Co. LTD., 7, Hoenggye-gil, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea
| | - Mihyang Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, 140 Baegyang-daero, 700beon-gil, Sasang-Gu, Busan 46958, Korea
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Brennan O, Stenson B, Widaa A, O Gorman DM, O Brien FJ. Incorporation of the natural marine multi-mineral dietary supplement Aquamin enhances osteogenesis and improves the mechanical properties of a collagen-based bone graft substitute. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 47:114-123. [PMID: 25884141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aquamin is a commercially-available supplement derived from the algae species Lithothamnion, which has proven osteogenic potential. By harnessing this potential and combining Aquamin with a collagen scaffold, with architecture and composition optimised for bone repair, the aim of this study was to develop a natural osteo-stimulative bone graft substitute. A fabrication process was developed to incorporate Aquamin into scaffolds to produce collagen-Aquamin (CollAqua) scaffolds at two different Aquamin concentrations, 100F or 500F (equivalent weight% of collagen or five times the weight of collagen respectively). CollAqua constructs had improved mechanical properties which were achieved without reducing the scaffold׳s permeability or porosity below the minimum level required for successful bone tissue engineering. The fabrication process produced a homogenous Aquamin distribution throughout the scaffold. Release kinetics revealed that in the first 12h, the entire Aquamin content was released from the 100F however, less than half of Aquamin in the 500F was released with the remainder released approximately 21 days later giving an initial burst release followed by a delayed release. Osteoblasts cultured on the CollAqua scaffolds showed improved osteogenesis as measured by alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin expression. This was confirmed by increased mineralisation as determined by von Kossa and Alizarin red staining. In conclusion, a cell and growth factor free collagen-based bone graft substitute with enhanced mechanical properties has been developed. The addition of Aquamin to the collagen biomaterial significantly improved mineralisation by osteoblasts and results in a new product which may be capable of enhancing osteogenesis to facilitate bone repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Brennan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Barry Stenson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amro Widaa
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Denise M O Gorman
- Marigot Ltd., Strand Farm, Currabinny, Carrigaline, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Malagoli BG, Cardozo FT, Gomes JHS, Ferraz VP, Simões CM, Braga FC. Chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Lithothamnion muelleri. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Slevin MM, Allsopp PJ, Magee PJ, Bonham MP, Naughton VR, Strain JJ, Duffy ME, Wallace JM, Mc Sorley EM. Supplementation with calcium and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides affects markers of bone turnover but not bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2014; 144:297-304. [PMID: 24453130 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.188144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This 24-mo randomized, double-blind, controlled trial aimed to examine whether supplementation with a natural marine-derived multi-mineral supplement rich in calcium (Ca) taken alone and in conjunction with short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scFOSs) has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal women. A total of 300 non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to daily supplements of 800 mg of Ca, 800 mg of Ca with 3.6 g of scFOS (CaFOS), or 9 g of maltodextrin. BMD was measured before and after intervention along with BTMs, which were also measured at 12 mo. Intention-to-treat ANCOVA identified that the change in BMD in the Ca and CaFOS groups did not differ from that in the maltodextrin group. Secondary analysis of changes to BTMs over time identified a greater decline in osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in the Ca group compared with the maltodextrin group at 12 mo. A greater decline in CTX was observed at 12 mo and a greater decline in osteocalcin was observed at 24 mo in the CaFOS group compared with the maltodextrin group. In exploratory subanalyses of each treatment group against the maltodextrin group, women classified with osteopenia and taking CaFOS had a smaller decline in total-body (P = 0.03) and spinal (P = 0.03) BMD compared with the maltodextrin group, although this effect was restricted to those with higher total-body and mean spinal BMD at baseline, respectively. Although the change in BMD observed did not differ between the groups, the greater decline in BTMs in the Ca and CaFOS groups compared with the maltodextrin group suggests a more favorable bone health profile after supplementation with Ca and CaFOS. Supplementation with CaFOS slowed the rate of total-body and spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia-an effect that warrants additional investigation. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN63118444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Slevin
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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15
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Widaa A, Brennan O, O'Gorman DM, O'Brien FJ. The osteogenic potential of the marine-derived multi-mineral formula aquamin is enhanced by the presence of vitamin D. Phytother Res 2013; 28:678-84. [PMID: 23873476 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone degenerative diseases are on the increase globally and are often problematic to treat. This has led to a demand to identify supplements that aid bone growth and formation. Aquamin is a natural multi-mineral food supplement, derived from the red algae Lithothamnion species which contains calcium, magnesium and 72 other trace minerals. It has been previously reported to increase bone formation and mineralisation. This study aimed to investigate the 28 day in vitro osteogenic response of Aquamin supplemented with Vitamin D. The osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells was analysed in standard osteogenic medium supplemented with Aquamin +/- Vitamin D3, and the controls consisted of osteogenic medium, +/- Vitamin D3. Proliferation of osteoblasts, metabolic activity and cell viability did not differ between Aquamin and the osteogenic control groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and mineralisation were increased by the supplementation of Aquamin, and the addition of Vitamin D3 increased mineralisation for all groups. The combination of Aquamin and Vitamin D3 yielded a significant increase in ALP and mineralisation over Aquamin alone and the standard osteogenic control +/- Vitamin D3. This study demonstrates that Aquamin aids osteogenesis, and that its osteogenic response can be enhanced by combining Aquamin with Vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Widaa
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
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Beneficial effects of marine algal compounds in cosmeceuticals. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:146-64. [PMID: 23344156 PMCID: PMC3564164 DOI: 10.3390/md11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The name “cosmeceuticals” is derived from “cosmetics and pharmaceuticals”, indicating that a specific product contains active ingredients. Marine algae have gained much importance in cosmeceutical product development due to their rich bioactive compounds. In the present review, marine algal compounds (phlorotannins, sulfated polysaccharides and tyrosinase inhibitors) have been discussed toward cosmeceutical application. In addition, atopic dermatitis and the possible role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in skin-related diseases have been explored extensively for cosmeceutical products. The proper development of marine algae compounds will be helpful in cosmeceutical product development and in the development of the cosmeceutical industry.
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