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Feng Y, Pan M, Li R, He W, Chen Y, Xu S, Chen H, Xu H, Lin Y. Recent developments and new directions in the use of natural products for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155812. [PMID: 38905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a significant global health challenge, and there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic interventions. Natural products have demonstrated highly promising effectiveness in the treatment of IBD. PURPOSE This study systematically reviews the latest research advancements in leveraging natural products for IBD treatment. METHODS This manuscript strictly adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant literature on the effects of natural products on IBD was retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases using the search terms "natural product," "inflammatory bowel disease," "colitis," "metagenomics", "target identification", "drug delivery systems", "polyphenols," "alkaloids," "terpenoids," and so on. The retrieved data were then systematically summarized and reviewed. RESULTS This review assessed the different effects of various natural products, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and others, in the treatment of IBD. While these natural products offer promising avenues for IBD management, they also face challenges in terms of clinical translation and drug discovery. The advent of metagenomics, single-cell sequencing, target identification techniques, drug delivery systems, and other cutting-edge technologies heralds a new era in overcoming these challenges. CONCLUSION This paper provides an overview of current research progress in utilizing natural products for the treatment of IBD, exploring how contemporary technological innovations can aid in discovering and harnessing bioactive natural products for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Feng
- Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mengting Pan
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Weishen He
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China.
| | - Huilong Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Siddiqui AR, Mushtaq M, Sardar M, Atta L, Nur-e-Alam M, Ahmad A, Ul-Haq Z. Mechanistic insight into the mode of inhibition of dietary flavonoids; targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1414572. [PMID: 38915940 PMCID: PMC11194440 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1414572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), a key pro-inflammatory mediator, is responsible for modulating immune responses. An array of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been linked to the dysregulated activity of MIF. The significance in physiological as well as pathophysiological phenomena underscores the potential of MIF as an attractive target with pharmacological relevance. Extensive research in past has uncovered a number of inhibitors, while the ISO-1, or (S, R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester being recognized as a benchmark standard so far. Recent work by Yang and coworkers identified five promising dietary flavonoids, with superior activity compared to the standard ISO-1. Nevertheless, the exact atomic-level inhibitory mechanism is still elusive. Methods: To improve the dynamic research, and rigorously characterize, and compare molecular signatures of MIF complexes with ISO-1 and flavonoids, principal component analysis (PCA) was linked with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations. Results: The results suggest that by blocking the tautomerase site these small molecule inhibitors could modify the MIF activity by disrupting the intrinsic dynamics in particular functional areas. The stability matrices revealed the average deviation values ranging from 0.27-0.32 nm while the residue level fluctuations indicated that binding of the selected flavonoids confer enhanced stability relative to the ISO-1. Furthermore, the gyration values extracted from the simulated trajectories were found in the range of 1.80-1.83 nm. Discussion: Although all the tested flavonoids demonstrated remarkable results, the one obtained for the potent inhibitors, particularly Morin and Amentoflavone exhibited a good correlation with biological activity. The PCA results featured relatively less variance and constricted conformational landscape than others. The stable ensembles and reduced variation in turns might be the possible reasons for their outstanding performance documented previously. The results from the present exploration provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular complexes formed by flavonoids and MIF, shedding light on their potential roles and impacts. Future studies on MIF inhibitors may benefit from the knowledge gathered from this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mamona Mushtaq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Sardar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Atta
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nur-e-Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Zamarany EA, Ahmed SM. Suppression of inflammation in ulcerative colitis rats by avocado and pomegranate. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:253-265. [PMID: 38777441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and avocado seed oil (ASO) are natural polyphenols with established anti-inflammatory activity. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of PSO and ASO in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) with reference to sulfasalazine (SLZ). METHODS Eighty male albino rats were divided equally into 8 groups; Normal, PSO, ASO, SLZ, UC-control, (UC + PSO), (UC + ASO) and (UC + SLZ) groups. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal injection of acetic acid. PSO (0.5ml/200g), ASO (1ml/250g) and SLZ (100 mg/kg) were administered orally once/day for 14 days, 24h after colitis induction. Colitis was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colon weight/length ratio and histologic inflammatory score. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), colonic macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Colonic gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also estimated. RESULTS PSO and ASO treatments to UC rats significantly reduced DAI, weight/length ratio, VEGFR-2, and colon histologic inflammatory score versus UC-controls. ASO significantly suppressed MIF levels and TNF-α expression greater than PSO. However, PSO was more significant than ASO in reducing MDA levels and up-regulating HO-1 expression. Both oils significantly down-regulated VEGF expression. The obtained biochemical and histological changes induced by UC were nearly corrected by SLZ. CONCLUSION The proved beneficial effect of PSO and ASO as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant in UC rats could be mediated by suppression of TNF-α, VEGF, and MIF and up-regulation of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Enas A El-Zamarany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Li Q, Lin L, Zhang C, Zhang H, Ma Y, Qian H, Chen XL, Wang X. The progression of inorganic nanoparticles and natural products for inflammatory bowel disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:17. [PMID: 38172992 PMCID: PMC10763270 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence indicating a close association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with an increase in M1 proinflammatory macrophage infiltration during the activation of intestinal inflammation, plays a pivotal role in disrupting intestinal homeostasis in IBD. The overabundance of ROS/RNS can cause intestinal tissue damage and the disruption of crucial gut proteins, which ultimately compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The proliferation of M1 macrophages contributes to an exaggerated immune response, further compromising the intestinal immune barrier. Currently, intestinal nanomaterials have gained widespread attention in the context of IBD due to their notable characteristics, including the ability to specifically target regions of interest, clear excess ROS/RNS, and mimic biological enzymes. In this review, we initially elucidated the gut microenvironment in IBD. Subsequently, we delineate therapeutic strategies involving two distinct types of nanomedicine, namely inorganic nanoparticles and natural product nanomaterials. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the promising prospects associated with the application of nanomedicine in future clinical settings for the treatment of IBD (graphic abstract). Different classes of nanomedicine are used to treat IBD. This review primarily elucidates the current etiology of inflammatory bowel disease and explores two prominent nanomaterial-based therapeutic approaches. First, it aims to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Second, they focus on modulating the polarization of inflammatory macrophages and reducing the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Additionally, this article delves into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using inorganic metal nanomaterials and natural product nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Q, Hou S, Xiong B, Wen Y, Wang J, Zeng J, Ma X, Wang F. Therapeutic Effects of Baicalin on Diseases Related to Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunctions. Molecules 2023; 28:6501. [PMID: 37764277 PMCID: PMC10535911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an active area of research. Several representative diseases, including central nervous system disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression), metabolic disorders (obesity-related diseases), and intestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease and dysbiosis), are associated with the dysfunctional gut-brain axis. Baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, is reported to exert various pharmacological effects. This narrative review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of baicalin in disorders of the gut-brain axis. Baicalin protects the central nervous system through anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-neuronal apoptotic effects, suppresses obesity through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and alleviates intestinal disorders through regulatory effects on intestinal microorganisms and short-chain fatty acid production. The bioactivities of baicalin are mediated through the gut-brain axis. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory role of baicalin in gut-brain axis disorders, laying a foundation for future research, although further confirmatory basic research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Baoyi Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119317. [PMID: 37298268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) belonging to the genus Scutellaria. While baicalin is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects, its low hydrophilicity and lipophilicity limit the bioavailability and pharmacological functions. Therefore, an in-depth study of baicalin's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics contributes to laying the theoretical foundation for applied research in disease treatment. In this view, the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin are summarized in terms of bioavailability, drug interaction, and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Liao H, Ye J, Gao Y, Lian C, Liu L, Xu X, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Shen Q, Gao L, Liu Z, Liu Y. Baicalein self-microemulsion based on drug-phospholipid complex for the alleviation of cytokine storm. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10357. [PMID: 36684101 PMCID: PMC9842031 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm is a phenomenon whereby the overreaction of the human immune system leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, the existing drugs for the treatment of cytokine storm have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects. Here, we report a lymphatic targeting self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing baicalein to effectively inhibit cytokine storm. Baicalein self-microemulsion with phospholipid complex as an intermediate carrier (BAPC-SME) prepared in this study could be spontaneously emulsified to form 12-nm oil-in-water nanoemulsion after administration. And then BAPC-SME underwent uptake by enterocyte through endocytosis mediated by lipid valve and clathrin, and had obvious characteristics of mesenteric lymph node targeting distribution. Oral administration of BAPC-SME could significantly inhibit the increase in plasma levels of 14 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-17A, IL-27, IL-1α, GM-CSF, MIG, IFN-β, IL-12, MIP-3α, IL-23, and RANTES in mice experiencing systemic cytokine storm. BAPC-SME could also significantly improve the pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue in mice experiencing local cytokine storm. This study does not only provide a new lymphatic targeted drug delivery strategy for the treatment of cytokine storm but also has great practical significance for the clinical development of baicalein self-microemulsion therapies for cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chunfang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Feng
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiqi Shen
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Lili Gao
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Yuan S, Li Y, Li J, Xue JC, Wang Q, Hou XT, Meng H, Nan JX, Zhang QG. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products: Potential Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892790. [PMID: 35873579 PMCID: PMC9301246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rare, recurrent, and intractable inflammation obstruction of the stomach tract, usually accompanied by inflammation of cell proliferation and inflammation of the colon and carries a particular cause of inflammation. The clinical use of drugs in western countries affects IBD treatment, but various adverse effects and high prices limit their application. For these reasons, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is more advantageous in treating IBD. This paper reviews the mechanism and research status of TCM and natural products in IBD treatment by analyzing the relevant literature to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xue
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
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9
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1297-1329. [PMID: 35676380 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), also known as the Chinese skullcap, has a long history of being used in Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions ranging from microbial infections to metabolic syndrome and malignancies. Numerous studies have reported that treatment with total SB extract or two main flavonoids found in its root and leaves, baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE), can prevent or alleviate the detrimental toxic effects of exposure to various chemical compounds. It has been shown that BA and BE are generally behind the protective effects of SB against toxicants. This paper aimed to review the protective and therapeutic effects of SB and its main components BA and BE against chemical compounds that can cause intoxication after acute or chronic exposure and seriously affect different vital organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. In this review paper, we had a look into a total of 221 in vitro and in vivo studies from 1995 to 2021 from the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science which reported protective or therapeutic effects of BA, BE, or SB against drugs and chemicals that one might be exposed to on a professional or accidental basis and compounds that are primarily used to simulate disease models. In conclusion, the protective effects of SB and its flavonoids can be mainly attributed to increase in antioxidants enzymes, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of apoptosis pathway.
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Wang X, Xie L, Long J, Liu K, Lu J, Liang Y, Cao Y, Dai X, Li X. Therapeutic effect of baicalin on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114749. [PMID: 34666140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin (BI) is an important biologically active flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria radix (Huang Qin). Traditionally Scutellaria radix was the common drug of dysentery. As the main flavonoid compound, there is a distribution tendency of baicalin to the intestinal tract and it has a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile up-to-date and comprehensive information on the efficacy of baicalin in vitro and in vivo, about treating inflammatory bowel disease. Relevant information on the therapeutic potential of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease was collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed and so on. Additionally, a few books and magazines were also consulted to get the important information. RESULTS The mechanisms of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease mainly include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, immune regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier, maintenance of intestinal flora balance. Also, BI can relieve parts of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), and prevent colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Baicalin determined the promising therapeutic prospects as potential supplementary medicines for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China.
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Yang L, Luo H, Tan D, Zhang S, Zhong Z, Wang S, Vong CT, Wang Y. A recent update on the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153709. [PMID: 34560518 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease that is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Proper management of IBD requires both early diagnosis and novel therapies and management programs. Many reports have suggested that Chinese medicine has unique properties favorable to the treatment of IBD. However, there are no systematic analyses on this topic. PURPOSE This review summarizes recent studies that assessed the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD in order to fully understand the advantages of Chinese medicine in the management of IBD. METHODS A literature search was conducted using peer-reviewed and clinical databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer LINK, Wan-fang database, the Chinese Biomedicine Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were inflammatory bowel disease (including Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) and Chinese medicine. All selected articles were from 1997 to 2021, and each were assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describing the pathogenesis of IBD, the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD, in particular their roles in immune regulation, intestinal flora regulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function, were included. CONCLUSION This review highlights recent progress in the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD. It also provides a reference for further evaluation and exploration of the potential of classical multi-herbal Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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13
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Yang L, Guo D, Fan C. Identification and Structure-Activity Relationships of Dietary Flavonoids as Human Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10138-10150. [PMID: 34459191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids are known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, but their influences on human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a vital proinflammatory cytokine recognized as a therapeutic target for infectious diseases and cancers, have been rarely reported. Here, we identified 24 dietary flavonoids that could inhibit the tautomerase activity of MIF, five of which exerted IC50 values lower than the positive control ISO-1 in the micromolar range: morin (IC50 = 11.01 ± 0.45 μM) and amentoflavone (IC50 = 13.32 ± 0.64 μM) exhibited the most potent efficacy followed by apigenin (IC50 = 42.74 ± 4.20 μM), naringin (IC50 = 51.38 ± 2.12 μM), and fisetin (IC50 = 51.99 ± 0.63 μM). X-ray crystallography, molecular docking, and cellular experiments were utilized to illustrate the molecular binding details and structure-activity relationships. Scaffold modifications of flavonoids significantly influenced the potency. What stands out for morin is the unique 2'-OH substitution. In addition, amentoflavone situated at the MIF trimer pore may impact MIF-CD74 signaling. The results also showed that flavonoids could suppress cell chemotaxis and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. Our results elucidate the molecular mechanism of flavonoids acting on MIF and shed light on developing lead compounds against MIF-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Center for Infection & Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Chengpeng Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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The Immunomodulating Effect of Baicalin on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5531367. [PMID: 34135978 PMCID: PMC8175130 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5531367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation state, which causes insulin resistance, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. Baicalin is known to have anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular immunological effects of baicalin on obesity-induced inflammation. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups: the normal chow, high-fat diet (HFD), BC2 (HFD + baicalin 200 mg/kg), and BC4 (HFD + baicalin 400 mg/kg) group; the three groups except normal chow were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity followed by baicalin treatment with two doses for 8 weeks. The body weight, epididymal fat weight, liver weight, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), and serum lipids were measured. We evaluated insulin resistance by measuring the serum insulin level and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Also, the major obesity-associated immune cells including monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells in the blood, fat, and liver and the inflammatory and insulin signaling-related gene expressions in the fat and liver were evaluated. Results Baicalin significantly reduced the body weight and liver weight and improved serum fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, free fatty acid, HDL cholesterol, and the levels of glucose and triglyceride at each time point in the OGTT and OFTT. In the analysis of immune cells, baicalin significantly decreased inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes, M1 adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), and M1 Kupffer cells. On the contrary, baicalin increased anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs and liver CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. In the analysis of inflammatory and insulin signaling molecules, baicalin significantly downregulated the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, F4/80, and C-C motif chemokine 2 while upregulated the insulin receptor mRNA expression. Conclusion From these results, baicalin can be a promising treatment option for obesity and its related metabolic diseases based on its anti-inflammatory property.
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105444. [PMID: 33493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology, natural products with a range of pharmacological targets in multiple diseases have become important sources of new drug discovery. These compounds are derived from various plants, including the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is often used as a traditional Chinese herb named Huangqin, a popular medication used for thousands of years in China. Many studies have shown that baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases. Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. During oxidative stress regulation, PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB and HO-1 are key factors associated with the healing effects of baicalin on NAFLD/NASH, ulcerative colitis and cholestasis. In the inflammatory response, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2 and MIP-1α are involved in the alleviation of NAFLD/NASH, cholestasis and liver fibrosis by baicalin, as are TGF-β1/Smads, STAT3 and NF-κB. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 are key factors related to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuation of liver injury and colorectal cancer. In addition to immune regulation, PD-1/PDL-1 and TLR4-NF-κB are correlated with the alleviation of hepatocellular carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by baicalin. Moreover, baicalin regulates intestinal flora by promoting the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, BA is involved in the interactions of the liver-gut axis by regulating TGR5, FXR, bile acids and the microbiota. In general, a comprehensive analysis of this natural compound was conducted to determine the mechanism by which it regulates bile acid metabolism, the intestinal flora and related signaling pathways, providing new insights into the pharmacological effects of baicalin. The mechanism linking the liver and gut systems needs to be elucidated to draw attention to its great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junbao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Zahouani Y, Ben Rhouma K, Kacem K, Sebai H, Sakly M. Aqueous Leaf Extract of Pistacia lentiscus Improves Acute Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats by Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. J Med Food 2020; 24:697-708. [PMID: 33156733 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the antioxidant activity and protective effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Pistacia lentiscus (AELPL) against ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid infusion through the rectum in Wistar rats. Phytochemical analyses allowed the identification of numerous phenolic compounds in P. lentiscus leaves such as flavonoids (isoquercetin and luterolin), flavonols (catechin, rutin, and kaempferol), phenolic acids (ellagic and dicaffeoylquinic), and tanins. Acetic acid exposure induced macroscopic colonic mucosal lesions with hemorrhage, congestion, edema, and the development of an expected oxidative stress state revealed by an increase in lipoperoxidation and carbonylation of proteins and a decrease in sulfhydryl (SH) group levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-peroxidase, and glutathione transferase, as well as an increase in the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, in the colon and plasma. Administration of acetic acid also increased plasma and tissue levels of hydrogen peroxide and rates of iron and free calcium, whereas AELPL significantly and dose-dependently attenuated all the previous biochemical alterations and intracellular mediator perturbations. In conclusion, the AELPL exhibited a potent cytoprotective effect against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Zahouani
- Laboratory Integrated Physiology, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khemais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory Integrated Physiology, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Laboratory Integrated Physiology, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Development Bioresources, Department of Biology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratory Integrated Physiology, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Long X, Kim YG, Pyo YK, Yi R, Zhao X, Park KY. Inhibitory effect of Jangkanghwan (Korean traditional food) on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13488. [PMID: 33015841 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Jangkanghwan (JKH) can delay weight loss in mice, promote weight gain during recovery, and reduce colonic shortening and colon weight. In addition, the murine disease activity index was controlled after treatment using JKH. It can reduce the content of pro-inflammatory factors in serum and expression in tissues, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-B; in contrast, the content and expression of IL-10 and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-α in the serum and tissues were increased. The mRNA expression of the colitis characteristic biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α were reduced in colon tissues. Using next-generation sequencing technology, the Bacteroidetes phylum in the JKH group decreased, while the Firmicutes phylum increased, and the number of beneficial bacteria-Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Akkermansiaceae-increased. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: JKH is a mixture of colonic healthy foods composed of Atractylodes macrocephala koidzumi, radish leaves, Viscum album var. coloratum, dried Zingiber officinale Roscoe, etc. According to UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis, JKH consists mainly of 17 active substances, such as pheophorbide A, nabumetone alcohol, dehydrocostus lactone, plantamajoside, kaempferol 3, 7-dirhamnoside, quercetin 3-D-glucuronide, and viscumneoside III. We investigated the preventive effects of JKH on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in a murine model and found that JKH can reduce the damage in mice caused by DSS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Zhu L, Xu LZ, Zhao S, Shen ZF, Shen H, Zhan LB. Protective effect of baicalin on the regulation of Treg/Th17 balance, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats with ulcerative colitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5449-5460. [PMID: 32322944 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin is reported as an effective drug for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its effect on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of baicalin on Th17/Treg balance, gut microbiota community, and SCFAs levels in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rat model. We found the DAI scores were significantly increased in the TNBS-treated rats, while reduced in the baicalin-treated group in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied with the alleviation of mucosal injury, the reduction of ZO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 expression. At the meanwhile, baicalin repressed the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, while deceased the GSH and SOD levels in colon tissue of rats treated with TNBS. On the other hand, administration of baicalin attenuated the TNBS-induced upregulations of Th17/Treg ratio, indicating a strong amelioration in the colorectal inflammation. More importantly, pyrosequencing of the V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes in rat feces revealed a deviation of the gut microbiota in response to baicalin treatment. In particular, the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and endotoxin-bearing Proteobacteria levels indicated that baicalin reversed TNBS-induced gut dysbiosis OTUs. In addition, we further investigated the fecal levels of major SCFAs in rats and found that baicalin significantly resorted the fecal butyrate levels in rats treated with TNBS. The increased butyrate levels were in consistent with the higher abundance of butyrate-producing species such as Butyricimonas spp., Roseburia spp., Subdoligranulum spp., and Eubacteriu spp. in baicalin-treated group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that baicalin possibly protected rats against ulcerative colitis by regulation of Th17/Treg balance, and modulation of both gut microbiota and SCFAs. Baicalin may be used as a prebiotic agent to treat ulcerative colitis-associated inflammation and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Zhou Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li-Bin Zhan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Lin Z, Wu H, Fu Y, Dai S. Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1886-1895. [PMID: 31504527 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional medicine for the treatment of IBD is prevailingly composed of sulfadiazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoid, and immunosuppressants, which have the merits of alleviating intestine inflammation, but long-term use of these drugs may cause toxic side effects; additionally, these drugs may be expensive. In the pursuit of novel and more economic therapies, patients may increasingly look at complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Recently, CAM is increasingly favored by the general public on account of its safety, low toxicity, and effectiveness. As a branch of CAM, herbal plants and their extracts have a significant effect on the treatment of IBD. Treatment of IBD with herbaceous plants has been reported, but specific mechanisms and effects have not yet been elaborated. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed and Science Direct by multiple search terms, such as "herbal," "CAM," "IBD," "ulcerative colitis," "abdominal pain," and so on. Full-length articles were selected for review. RESULTS Herbaceous plants and their extracts have been shown to be effective against IBD in many studies, and herbaceous plants may be effective in treating symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus, and bloody stools. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medications could be used as a complementary and alternative treatment for IBD, but they require more rigorous scientific testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lin
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cao SY, Ye SJ, Wang WW, Wang B, Zhang T, Pu YQ. Progress in active compounds effective on ulcerative colitis from Chinese medicines. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:81-102. [PMID: 30797423 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, has a rising incidence worldwide. The known pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulated immune responses, and environmental factors. Nowadays, the drugs for UC include 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids, and immunosuppressants. Long-term use of these drugs, however, may cause several side effects, such as hepatic and renal toxicity, drug resistance and allergic reactions. Moreover, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of UC shows significantly positive effects, low recurrence rate, few side effects and other obvious advantages. This paper summarizes several kinds of active compounds used in the experimental research of anti-UC effects extracted from TCM, mainly including flavonoids, acids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, quinones, and bile acids from some animal medicines. It is found that the anti-UC activities are mainly focused on targeting inflammation or oxidative stress, which is associated with increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, SOD), suppressing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, NF-κB, NO), reducing the activity of MPO, MDA, IFN-γ, and iNOS. This review may offer valuable reference for UC-related studies on the compounds from natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Tang B, Wang X, Zhu Y, Li X, Yao S. Baicalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 through miR-124-STAT3 axis. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218798463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown a wide range of anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, and antitumor properties. However, the molecular mechanism of how baicalin exerts its effects, especially on inflammation regulation, has not been fully investigated. In this article, we report the effects of baicalin on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Our results demonstrate that baicalin inhibits the production of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation of macrophages. We observed that baicalin inhibits STAT3 activation through retarding its expression and phosphorylation. Interestingly, baicalin treatment promotes the elevation of miR-124 in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. Overexpression of the miR-124 mimic in RAW264.7 reduced STAT3 expression and phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-124 attenuated the dysregulation of STAT3 and reduction of inflammatory factors upon baicalin treatment. Our results revealed the molecular mechanism that baicalin attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production through miR-124-STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-124 is an important modulator in regulating anti-inflammation by baicalin in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- International Medical Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- International Medical Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Baicalein ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by suppressing TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16374. [PMID: 29180692 PMCID: PMC5703971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a predominant bioactive component isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has established potent anti-inflammatory activity via multi-targeted mechanisms. However, little is known about the effect of baicalein on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, which shares pathology related to human Crohn’s disease (CD). The present study demonstrated that baicalein alleviated the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The decline in the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) correlated with a decrease in the expression of mucosal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In vitro, baicalein down-regulated the TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascades (NF-κB and MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. At the upstream level, baicalein bound to the hydrophobic region of the myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) pocket and inhibited the formation of the LPS-induced MD-2/TLR4 complex. Furthermore, baicalein reduced NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and downstream interleukin-1β expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided evidence for the first time that baicalein attenuated TNBS-induced colitis, at least in part, via inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade as well as inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Proinflammatory cytokine MIF plays a role in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes mellitus, but does not affect hepatic mitochondrial function. Cytokine 2017; 99:214-224. [PMID: 28780379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the effect of high glucose on liver function has been described, the role of MIF in hepatic mitochondrial function during T2DM has not been studied. OBJECTIVE We examine the influence of MIF to hepatic mitochondrial function in T2DM mouse model. METHODS WT and Mif-/- BALB/c mice were treated with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). After an 8-week follow-up, serum glucose, proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme quantification, and liver histological analyses were performed. Liver mitochondria were extracted, and mitochondrial function was evaluated by oximetry, swelling and peroxide production. RESULTS Following treatment with STZ, WT mice (WT/STZ) developed significant hyperglycemia and high serum levels of MIF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-β (IL-β), and CRP. Liver damage enzymes ALT and AST were found at high levels. In contrast, Mif-/-STZ lacked serum MIF levels and showed smaller increases in blood glucose, less TNF-α, IL-1β, CPR, ALT and AST, and failure to develop clinical signs of disease compared to the WT/STZ group. Mitochondria extracted from the Mif-/-STZ liver showed similar respiratory control (RC) to WT/STZ or healthy mice with glutamate/malate or succinate as substrates. The four respiratory chain complexes also had comparable activities. WT/STZ-isolated mitochondria showed low swelling with calcium compared to mitochondria from Mif-/-STZ or healthy mice. Peroxide production was comparable in all groups. CONCLUSION These results show although high systemic levels of MIF contribute to the development of T2DM pathology, the liver mitochondria remain unaltered. Importantly, the absence of MIF reduced the pathology of T2DM, also without altering liver mitochondrial function. These support MIF as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease in humans.
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Huangqin-Tang and Ingredients in Modulating the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7016468. [PMID: 28690663 PMCID: PMC5485339 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7016468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. Current therapies in UC cause limitations, and herb medicine provides an important choice for UC treatment. Huangqin-Tang (HQT) is a well-known classical traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been used in China for thousands of years. A large number of pharmacological studies demonstrated HQT and its ingredients to be effective in treating UC. Though the therapeutic effect has been evaluated, comprehensive up-to-date reviews in this field are not yet available. Here we aim to review our current understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and how the agents modulate the main pathogenesis of the disease, including the intestinal environment, immune imbalance, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress. The summary on this issue may provide better understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and possibly help in promoting its clinical application.
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25
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Dai S, Gu H, Lin Q, Xing T, Chen M, Zhong T, Wu G, Feng Y, Liu H, Gao Y, Jian H, Zhang M, Mo H, Zhu H, Chen D, Xu J, Zou Y, Chi H, Zhu Y. Disequilibrium in the CD8 +CD28 +/CD8 +CD28 - T Lymphocyte Balance Is Related to Prognosis in Rats with Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:639-651. [PMID: 28035546 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28- T lymphocyte balance is vital for human ulcerative colitis (UC) but has not been defined in experimental colitis. This investigation will try to identify the changes that occur in the CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28- T lymphocyte balance during the progression of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. METHODS The frequencies of blood CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes were detected in the rats belonging to the normal, model, and treated groups on five days using flow cytometry. The treated rats were administered with mesalazine and were euthanized after a 14-day treatment, as were the normal and model rats. The sensitivity and specificity of the CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28- T lymphocyte balance in diagnosing early colitis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The frequencies of CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes in the colon tissue were tested via immunofluorescence. ELISA was used to measure the levels of the cytokines. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the colonic expression of JAK3, STAT6, NFATc2, and GATA3. RESULTS We found that the ratio of CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes decreased, as did the level of interleukin-7, but not IL-12p40, IL-13, or IL-15, in the blood; however, the ratio increased along with JAK3, STAT6, NFATc2, and GATA3 in the colon of the rats with colitis. The changes were effectively reversed through the administration of mesalazine for 13 days. Surprisingly, the balance in the blood could sensitively distinguish rats with early colitis from normal rats. CONCLUSION These data show that increase in CD8+CD28+ T cells in blood and decrease in CD8+CD28- T cells in colon are associated with experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 13, Shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Lin
- Undergraduate of Grade 2013, The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiaosi Xing
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Minhua Chen
- Undergraduate of Grade 2013, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Jian
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjie Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Liao CC, Day YJ, Lee HC, Liou JT, Chou AH, Liu FC. ERK Signaling Pathway Plays a Key Role in Baicalin Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:105-121. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes hepatocytes necrosis and acute liver failure. Baicalin (BA), a major flavonoid of Scutellariae radix, has potent hepatoprotective properties in traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of BA on a APAP-induced liver injury in a mouse model. The mice received an intraperitoneal hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and after 30[Formula: see text]min, were treated with BA at concentrations of 0, 15, 30, or 60[Formula: see text]mg/kg. After 16[Formula: see text]h of treatment, the mice were sacrificed for further analysis. APAP administration significantly elevated the serum alanine transferase (ALT) enzyme levels and hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity when compared with control animals. Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of liver ALT levels, as well as hepatic MPO activity in a dose- dependent manner (15–60[Formula: see text]mg/kg) in APAP-treated mice. The strongest beneficial effects of BA were seen at a dose of 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg. BA treatment at 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg after APAP overdose reduced elevated hepatic cytokine (TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6) levels, and macrophage recruitment around the area of hepatotoxicity in immunohistochemical staining. Significantly, BA treatment can also decrease hepatic phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression, which is induced by APAP overdose. Our data suggests that baicalin treatment can effectively attenuate APAP-induced liver injury by down-regulating the ERK signaling pathway and its downstream effectors of inflammatory responses. These results support that baicalin is a potential hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Zou Y, Lin J, Li W, Wu Z, He Z, Huang G, Wang J, Ye C, Cheng X, Ding C, Zheng X, Chi H. Huangqin-tang ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, inflammation and immune response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39299. [PMID: 27982094 PMCID: PMC5159883 DOI: 10.1038/srep39299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangqin-tang (HQT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in China. However, the molecular mechanisms by which HQT protects the colon are unclear. We studied the protective effects of HQT and the underlying mechanisms in an experimental mouse model and in vitro. In vivo, dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis were significantly ameliorated by HQT as gauged by phenotypic, histopathologic and inflammatory manifestations of the disease. Mechanistically, DSS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling was inhibited by HQT. Moreover, HQT-treated mice demonstrated significant changes in cell apoptosis, expression of apoptosis-associated genes such as caspase-3, bax, bcl-2, and intestinal permeability. HQT also increased occluding and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), inhibited cell proliferation (Ki67), and increased regulatory T cells numbers, protein expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 in the colonic tissue. In vitro, HQT down-regulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and supressed the NF-κB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharides-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our study suggests that HQT plays a critical role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, inflammation and immune response in colitis and offers novel therapeutic options in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhuguo Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Caiguo Ye
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Baicalin Attenuates IL-17-Mediated Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166856. [PMID: 27855209 PMCID: PMC5113979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 has been shown to be involved in liver inflammatory disorders in both mice and humans. Baicalin (BA), a major compound extracted from traditional herb medicine (Scutellariae radix), has potent hepatoprotective properties. Previous study showed that BA inhibits IL-17-mediated lymphocyte adhesion and downregulates joint inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of IL-17 in the hepatoprotective effects of BA in an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury mouse model. METHODS Eight weeks male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were used for this study. Mice received intraperitoneal hepatotoxic injection of APAP (300 mg/kg) and after 30 min of injection, the mice were treated with BA at a concentration of 30 mg/kg. After 16 h of treatment, mice were killed. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested for analysis of liver injury parameters. RESULTS APAP overdose significantly increased the serum alanine transferase (ALT) levels, hepatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity when compared with the control animals. BA treatment after APAP administration significantly attenuated the elevation of these parameters in APAP-induced liver injury mice. Furthermore, BA treatment could also decrease hepatic IL-17-producing γδT cells recruitment, which was induced after APAP overdose. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that baicalin treatment could effectively decrease APAP-induced liver injury in part through attenuation of hepatic IL-17 expression. These results indicate that baicalin is a potential hepatoprotective agent.
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Zhu W, Jin Z, Yu J, Liang J, Yang Q, Li F, Shi X, Zhu X, Zhang X. Baicalin ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease through polarization of macrophages to an M2 phenotype. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:119-126. [PMID: 27039210 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract. Baicalin, originally isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) and its main active ingredient, has a protective effect against inflammatory responses in several diseases. The present study investigated the effects of baicalin on macrophage polarization and its therapeutic role in IBD. Murine peritoneal macrophages and mice with colitis were treated with baicalin. Macrophage subset distribution, M1 and M2 macrophage-associated mRNA expression, and interferon regulatory factor 4 and 5 (IRF4 and IRF5) expression were analyzed. siRNA transfection into mouse peritoneal macrophages was utilized to suppress IRF4. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blot, and real-time PCR analyses were performed. Baicalin (50μM) limited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 macrophage polarization; decreased LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-23, and IRF5 expression; and increased IL-10, arginase-1 (Arg-1), and IRF4 expression. siRNA-mediated IRF4 silencing significantly impaired baicalin activity. Furthermore, pretreatment with baicalin (100mg/kg) in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis ameliorated the severity of colitis and significantly decreased the disease activity index (baicalin group, 3.33±0.52 vs. DSS group, 5.67±1.03). Baicalin (100mg/kg) also repressed IRF5 protein expression and promoted IRF4 protein expression in the lamina propria mononuclear cells, and induced macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. In summary, our results showed that baicalin upregulates IRF4 protein expression and reverses LPS-induced macrophage subset redistribution. Thus, baicalin alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zaishun Jin
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Histoembryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qingdong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Fujuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xuekui Shi
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China.
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Martin DA, Bolling BW. A review of the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Funct 2016; 6:1773-86. [PMID: 25986932 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis presently have no cure and are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines. A variety of rodent models have been used to model chronic and acute colitis. Dietary polyphenols in foods and botanicals are of considerable interest for prevention and treatment of colitis. Many dietary polyphenols have been utilized for prevention of colitis in rodent models. Berries, green tea polyphenols, curcumin, and stilbenes have been the most extensively tested polyphenols in rodent models of colitis. The majority of polyphenols tested have inhibited colitis in rodents, but increasing doses of EGCG and green tea, isoflavones, flaxseed, and α-mangostin have exacerbated colitis. Few studies have examined combination of polyphenols or other bioactives for inhibition of colitis. Translating polyphenol doses used in rodent models of colitis to human equivalent doses reveals that supplemental doses are most likely required to inhibit colitis from a single polyphenol treatment. The ability to translate polyphenol treatments in rodent models is likely to be limited by species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and microbiota. Given these limitations, data from polyphenols in rodent models suggests merit for pursuing additional clinical studies for prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Tsai HC, Li YC, Young TH, Chen MH. Citrus polyphenol for oral wound healing in oral ulcers and periodontal diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Chen P, Zhou X, Zhang L, Shan M, Bao B, Cao Y, Kang A, Ding A. Anti-inflammatory effects of Huangqin tang extract in mice on ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:207-214. [PMID: 25576893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE HuangqinTang (HQT) is a traditional Chinese formula which is composed of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and Ziziphus jujube Mill. HQT has been used in China for a wide range of disorders, especially in gastrointestinal inflammation with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and so on. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effects of HQT extract on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses of HQT extract (1, 2 and 4 g/kg/day) and salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP, 500 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 7 days after the induction of colitis with TNBS. The effects were studied by macroscopic score, histological analysis, immunohistochemical study of Cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein expression, as well as by determination of inflammation markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. RESULTS In TNBS induced group, mice body weight decreased gradually and did not recover at the end of the experiment, as compared with that of control group (p<0.01). Edema and redness were also discovered in the colons profoundly and scores representing inflammation were all high in this group (p<0.01). The level of colonic MPO activity and the tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly increased (p<0.01). The mice treated with HQT extract and SASP recovered significantly compared with the TNBS group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the efficacy of HQT extract, especially at the higher dose, was analogous to that of SASP, which implicated its potential application as a natural alternative medicine in colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - An Kang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138♯, Nanjing 210046, China
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Xu BL, Zhang GJ, Ji YB. Active components alignment of Gegenqinlian decoction protects ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:253-260. [PMID: 25557032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gegenqinlian Decoction (GQD) has been used as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal diseases in China over thousands of years. It has significant treatment efficacy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed and showed that the active components alignment of Gegenqinlian Decoction (ACAG) possesses broad pharmacological effects including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antidiarrhea, as well as the effect of adjusting gastrointestinal function in our preliminary experiments. However, the exact molecular mechanisms on how ACAG exerts these pharmacological effects still remain elusive. In the present study, the plausible pharmacological effects of ACAG on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with TNBS/ethanol-induced colitis were used. The colonic wet weight, macroscopic and histological colon injury, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity were observed. Pro-inflammation cytokines were determined by ELISA methods, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Immuno-histochemistry. RESULTS We showed administration of ACAG was able to improve colitis. This was manifested by a decreased in the score of macroscopic and histological colonic injury, by lowered colonic wet weight, accompanied by significant increased of SOD activity, and decreased of MDA and iNOS activities. The treatment also significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in colon and serum as well as the colonic mRNA levels for several inflammatory cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and toll-like receptor 2, 4 (TLR2, TLR4). In addition, we also showed that ACAG was able to inhibit the activation and translocation of transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-κBp65) in colon. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ACAG exhibits protective effect in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. We postulate that this might be due to its modulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, downregulation of productions, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of NF-κBp65 signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Lei Xu
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Gui-Jun Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1873-87. [PMID: 25269538 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalin on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in a colitis model. The rat colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Baicalin (10 ml/kg, each) or mesalazine (positive control) was then administered orally for 7 days. Inflammatory and immunological responses were evaluated by pathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. Our study showed that baicalin not only significantly attenuated TNBS-induced colitis by reducing the disease activity index as well as macroscopic and microscopic scores, but it also improved the weight loss and shortening of the colon. Baicalin treatment also induced a significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators, including the myeloperoxidase activity, the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and Th1-related cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of baicalin seem to be associated with regulation of the Th17 and Treg paradigm. We found that administration of baicalin significantly downregulated the number of Th17 cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 and IL-6) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt. In contrast, there was an increase in Treg cells numbers, Treg-related cytokines transforming growth factor-β and IL-10, and forkhead box P3. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin may be linked to modulation of the balance between Th17 and Treg cells in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.
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Feng A, Zhou G, Yuan X, Huang X, Zhang Z, Zhang T. Inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS and NO expression in intestinal mucosa of rats with acute endotoxemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80997. [PMID: 24312512 PMCID: PMC3846647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which baicalin modulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the mucosa of distal ileum was investigated in a rat model of acute endo-toxemia induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experiment demonstrated that LPS upregulated iNOS mRNA and protein expression as well as NO produc-tion (measured as the stable degradation production, nitrites). LPS not only increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) content, but also activated p38 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and inactivated PPARγ via phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 signalling pathway by chemical inhibitor SB202190 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) ameliorated LPS-induced iNOS generation, while suppression of PPARγ pathway by SR-202 boosted LPS-elicited iNOS expression. Baicalin treatment (I) attenuated LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein as well as nitrites generation, and (II) ameliorated LPS-elicited TLR4 and PPARγ production, and (III) inhibited p38/ATF2 phosphorylation leading to suppression of p38 signalling, and (IV) prevented PPARγ from phosphorylation contributing to maintainence of PPARγ bioactivity. However, SR-202 co-treatment (I) partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS mRNA expression, and (II) partially reversed baicalin-inhibited p38 phosphorylation. In summary, baicalin could ameliorate LPS-induced iNOS and NO overproduction in mucosa of rat terminal ileum via inhibition of p38 signalling cascade and activation of PPARγ pathway. There existed a interplay between the two signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Guangrong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Huai'an, P. R. China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical, University, Huai'an, P. R. China
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Han XH, Zhong J, Guo JY, Shi R, Wang XH, Wang CH, Wang K, Du GL, Shen YH, Ma YM. Relationships between pharmacokinetics and efficacy of Xie-xin decoction in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:182-189. [PMID: 23619018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xie-xin decoction (XXD) has been used as a classic formula in China for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction such as ulcerative colitis (UC). However, no potential action mechanisms and active compounds had been systematically investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effectiveness and the material basis of XXD in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS XXD was administered orally for 8 days at a dosage of 2 or 4g/kg/day. Plasma pharmacokinetic properties and colon tissue concentrations of multiple compounds from XXD were detected. Tissue damage scores, production of interleukin (IL)-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) in colon tissues were examined. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between pharmacokinetics and efficacy to elucidate significantly active compounds of XXD. RESULTS XXD promoted the recovery of colitis and inhibited the colonic inflammation damage in UC rats by reducing the level of MPO and the expression of TNF-α and NF-κBp65, and increasing the production of IL-10 in colon tissues. Efficacy of XXD was positively related with AUC of five plasma compounds (baicalin, berberine, wogonoside, wogonin, and rhein) and concentrations of six colon tissue compounds (coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, baicalein and emodin), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The multiple compounds in plasma and colon tissues from XXD might be the main material basis for therapeutic potentials in UC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ma C, Ma Z, Fu Q, Ma S. Anti-asthmatic effects of baicalin in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Phytother Res 2013; 28:231-7. [PMID: 23580257 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of baicalin (BA) and the possible mechanisms. Asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneal injection. A total of 60 mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: control, model, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and BA (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg). Airway resistance (RI) and lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured, histological studies were evaluated by the hematoxylin and eosin staining, Th1/Th2, OVA-specific serum, and BALF IgE levels and Th17 cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Th17 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). Our study demonstrated that BA inhibited OVA-induced increases in RI and eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A levels, and Cdyn were recovered and increased IFN-γ level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue and airway tissue. FCM studies demonstrated that BA substantially inhibited Th17 cells. These findings suggest that BA may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Citrus Polyphenolic Extract of Red Orange, Grapefruit, and Orange (Sinetrol-XPur) on Weight Management and Metabolic Parameters in Healthy Overweight Individuals. Phytother Res 2013; 28:212-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yuan H, Zhao XM, Yuan ZY, Wang HM, Zhao WH. Treatment with Carthamus Tinctorius Injection up-regulates IL-4 expression and down-regulates IL-1β expression in ulcerative colitis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3678-3682. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i36.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Carthamus Tinctorius Injection (CTI) against ulcerative colitis (UC) induced with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats and to explore the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a treatment group, a model group, and a normal control group (n = 10 for each group). UC was induced with TNBS in rats in both the treatment group and model group. The treatment group was additionally treated with CTI. At the end of the treatment, colonic mucosal samples were taken to calculate disease activity index (DAI) and observe gross morphology of the colon and tissue injury. Colonic mucosal pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-1β mRNAs and proteins in colon tissue was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS: Compared to the model group, the DAI and gross morphology and pathological changes in colon tissue were significantly improved in the treatment group (all P < 0.05). The level of IL-4 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05), but no differences was detected between the treatment group and control group. The level of IL-1β in treatment group and model group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), but the level in treatment group was significantly lower than that in model group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: CTI treatment relieved TNBS-induced colitis in rats possibly via mechanism associated with increasing IL-4 expression and decreasing IL-1β expression.
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Wu YX, Sato E, Kimura W, Miura N. Baicalin and scutellarin are proteasome inhibitors that specifically target chymotrypsin-like catalytic activity. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1362-7. [PMID: 23147714 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin and scutellarin are the major active principal flavonoids extracted from the Chinese herbal medicines Scutellaria baicalensis and Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. It has recently been reported that baicalin and scutellarin have antitumor activity. However, the mechanisms of action are unknown. We previously reported that some flavonoids have a specific role in the inhibition of the activity of proteasome subunits and induced apoptosis in tumor cells. To further investigate these pharmacological effects, we examined the inhibitory activity of baicalin and scutellarin on the extracted proteasomes from mice and cancer cells. Using fluorogenic substrates for proteasome catalytic subunits, we found that baicalin and scutellarin specifically inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity but did not inhibit trypsin-like and peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activities. These data suggested that baicalin and scutellarin specifically inhibit chymotrypsin-like catalytic activity in the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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