1
|
Electroacupuncture at Bilateral ST36 Acupoints: Inducing the Hypoglycemic Effect through Enhancing Insulin Signal Proteins in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model during Isoflurane Anesthesia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5852599. [PMID: 34659435 PMCID: PMC8514912 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5852599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In rats with 2-deoxy-2-(3-(methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-d-glucopyranose streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), continuous 15 Hz electrical stimulation at bilateral ST36 acupoints for 30 and 60 minutes has been shown to prevent hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that the mechanism of action in STZ-induced IDDM rats is that electrical stimulation at bilateral ST36 acupoints is effective in improving insulin receptor substrate type 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein expressions associated with counteracting both plasma glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) levels during isoflurane anesthesia. In this study, twenty-six healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250–350 g and aged 8–10 weeks were tested. Rats in the experimental electroacupuncture (EA) group (n = 13) received 15 Hz electrical stimulation at bilateral ST 36 acupoints for 30 and 60 minutes. Rats in the control group (n = 13) were handled but not subjected to the stimulation treatment. In both IDDM and normal Wistar rats, we observed a negative change in plasma glucose levels when rats were given the EA treatment, but a positive change in plasma glucose without EA treatment relative to baseline. Within the IDDM group, a negative change in FFA levels was observed when rats were given the EA treatment, while a positive change in the FFA level was shown without the EA treatment. In the expressed protein signals, we found a significant elevation in both GLUT4 and IRS-1 proteins in the IDDM group treated by EA. Moreover, we found a significant mean difference between GLUT4 and IRS-1 protein expression levels relative to β-actin. Our findings suggested that EA at bilateral ST36 acupoints could serve as an effective strategy for lowering plasma glucose by decreasing free fatty acid levels and improving the expression of IRS-1 and GLUT4 proteins in a STZ-IDDM rat model during isoflurane anesthesia.
Collapse
|
2
|
Manlai U, Chang SW, Lee SC, Ho WJ, Hsu TH, Lin JG, Lin CM, Chen YI, Chang SL. Hypoglycemic Effect of Electroacupuncture Combined with Antrodia cinnamomea in Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats. Med Acupunct 2021; 33:58-64. [PMID: 33613812 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2020.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), a medicinal mushroom indigenous to Taiwan, exerts various pharmacologic activities. This study compared and evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of treatment with electroacupuncture (EA) combined with AC in steroid-induced insulin-resistant (SIIR) rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into saline, EA, AC, AC+EA, and rosiglitazone (TZD) groups. Plasma-glucose levels were measured in serial blood samples and compared before and after treatment in each group. The levels of signaling proteins-glucose transporter 4, (GLUT4), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-were analyzed by Western blotting to explore their mechanisms of action. Results: The AC+EA group had reduced plasma-glucose levels at 30 and 60 minutes in SIIR rats, compared to normal rats, and this was better than the EA, AC, and TZD groups at 60 minutes. Furthermore, the signaling protein (GLUT4, PI3-K, and AMPK) levels were increased significantly. Conclusions: These findings showed improved hypoglycemic activity and insulin resistance after EA combined with AC treatment. Therefore, the combined therapy might be a more-effective method than the individual therapies that elevates the expression of the signal proteins, as observed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unurzul Manlai
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Jane Ho
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jaug-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Chung YC, Tzeng CY, Chen YI, Chang SW, Hsu TH, Ho WJ, Kuo YH, Hung PH, Chang SL. Improving insulin resistance with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium powder to induce a hypoglycemic effect in dexamethasone‑induced insulin‑resistant rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3260-3266. [PMID: 29257321 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major factor in type II diabetes development, occurring when insulin levels are normal, but do not have normal interactions with adipose, muscle or liver tissue. The present study aimed to explore the hypoglycemic effect of Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) mycelium powder by evaluating its impact on insulin resistance and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels in steroid‑induced insulin‑resistant (SIIR) rats. Male Wistar rats were administered dexamethasone for 5 days to induce insulin resistance. The SIIR rats were subsequently randomly assigned into three experimental groups (EGs) and a control group (CG), where saline was orally administered. The EGs were orally administered different doses of AC (100, 200 or 500 mg/kg) and an optimal dose for further study was determined. Changes in plasma insulin and glucose levels were calculated to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of AC. To evaluate insulin resistance, the homeostasis model assessment‑estimated insulin resistance of the SIIR rats was determined. Changes in plasma FFA levels were detected and levels of insulin signal proteins (IRS‑1, GLUT‑4 and PI3K) were analyzed by western blot to elucidate AC's mechanism of action. The SIIR rats exhibited significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in the first 30 min, with plasma FFA levels displaying a marked downward trend (P<0.05) when they were administered the optimal dose of AC (200 mg/kg). The decrease in plasma glucose and FFA levels was significantly larger in the EG compared to the CG, and insulin signal protein levels were also significantly increased (P<0.05). The hypoglycemic effect observed may be due to decreased plasma FFA levels and increased expression of intracellular insulin signal proteins. Furthermore, insulin sensitivity was enhanced, indicating that AC acts as an insulin sensitizer in insulin resistant animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng‑Ching Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wai-Jane Ho
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Hsiu Hung
- Division of Traditional Chinese, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‑Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In vitro and in vivo assessment of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of Xylaria nigripes mycelium. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
6
|
Amuri B, Maseho M, Simbi L, Okusa P, Duez P, Byanga K. Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Nine Medicinal Herbs Used as Antidiabetic in the Region of Lubumbashi (DR Congo). Phytother Res 2017; 31:1029-1033. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bakari Amuri
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; Université de Lubumbashi; 27 avenue Kato Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; Université de Mons (UMONS); Bât. 6, Chemin du Champ de Mars 25 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Mwamba Maseho
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; Université de Lubumbashi; 27 avenue Kato Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Lumbu Simbi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences; Université de Lubumbashi; Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Philippe Okusa
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; Université de Mons (UMONS); Bât. 6, Chemin du Champ de Mars 25 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; Université de Mons (UMONS); Bât. 6, Chemin du Champ de Mars 25 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Kahumba Byanga
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; Université de Lubumbashi; 27 avenue Kato Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Divate RD, Wang PM, Wang CC, Chou ST, Chang CT, Chung YC. Protective effect of medicinal fungus Xylaria nigripes mycelia extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:105-112. [PMID: 28281874 PMCID: PMC5806776 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017695280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylaria nigripes (XN) is a medicinal fungus that was used traditionally as a diuretic, nerve tonic, and for treating insomnia and trauma. In this study, we elucidated possible mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of XN mycelia extracts. XN mycelia were produced by fermentation. Hot water extract and 70% ethanol extract of XN mycelia were evaluated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in PC12, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Both XN extracts effectively protected PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cell damage by inhibiting release of lactate dehydrogenase, decreasing DNA damage, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting abnormal apoptosis through upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and caspase 3. Compared to water extract, ethanol extract showed not only greater neuroprotective effects but also a higher antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing power. High phenolic content and antioxidant activity may provide the neuroprotective properties of XN ethanol extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh D Divate
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Pei-Ming Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chiun-Chuang Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chen-Tien Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Yun-Chin Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang JC, Hsiao G, Lin RK, Kuo YH, Ju YM, Lee TH. Bioactive Constituents from the Termite Nest-Derived Medicinal Fungus Xylaria nigripes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:38-44. [PMID: 28055210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Six new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, namely, nigriterpenes A-F (1-6), and one new phenolic compound, named 2-hydroxymethyl-3-pentylphenol (7), along with fomannoxin alcohol, 3-butyl-7-hydroxyphthalide, scytalone, and fomannoxin were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of termite nest-derived Xylaria nigripes, which has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating insomnia and depression. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and compared with the literature. All the pure isolates were evaluated against lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and NO production in murine brain microglial BV-2 cells. Of the compounds tested, nigriterpene C (3) and fomannoxin alcohol exerted significant inhibitory effects on two induced enzymes and NO production without any significant cellular toxicity. The most potent compound, 3, exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition on NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression with IC50 values of 21.7 ± 4.9, 8.1 ± 2.3, and 16.6 ± 5.5 μM, respectively. These results indicated that the potential anti-inflammatory effects of nigriterpene C (3) and fomannoxin alcohol on murine brain microglial BV-2 cells may provide a rationale for the traditional medical uses of X. nigripes for treating insomnia and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan 404
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan 413
| | - Yu-Min Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 106
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tzeng CY, Lee YC, Chung JJ, Tsai JC, Chen YI, Hsu TH, Lin JG, Lee KR, Chang SL. 15 hz Electroacupuncture at St36 Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Free Fatty Acid Levels in Rats with Chronic Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistance. Acupunct Med 2016; 34:296-301. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in a rat model of chronic steroid-induced insulin resistance (SIIR). Methods An SIIR rat model was created using daily intraperitoneal injections of clinically relevant doses of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 5 days to induce chronic insulin resistance. Thirty-six SIIR rats were randomly divided into the SIIR+EA group (n=18), which received 15 Hz EA at ST36 for 60 min, and the SIIR group (n=18), which remained untreated. Plasma glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in serial blood samples taken without further manipulation (n=6 per group) and during insulin challenge test (ICT, n=6 per group) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT, n=6 per group). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 were measured using Western blotting and expressed relative to β-actin. Results Following EA, area-under-the-curve (AUC) for glucose was reduced (7340±291 vs 10 705±1474 mg/dL/min, p=0.049) and FFA levels significantly lower at 30/60 min in the SIIR+EA versus SIIR groups. Similar effects on glucose AUC were seen during the ICT (5568±275 vs 7136±594 mg/dL/min, p<0.05) and igVTT (11 498±1398 vs 16 652±1217 mg/dL/min, p<0.01). FFA levels were lower at 30 and/or 60 min in SIIR+EA versus SIIR groups (p<0.01). Relative expression of IRS-1 and GLUT4 were significantly increased by EA (p<0.01). Conclusions EA decreased the FFA level and increased insulin sensitivity in SIIR rats. Further clinical studies are needed to determine whether EA is an effective alternative treatment for the reduction of insulin resistance in patients requiring chronic use of dexamethasone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|