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Rajesh R U, Sangeetha D. Therapeutic potentials and targeting strategies of quercetin on cancer cells: Challenges and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155902. [PMID: 39059266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every cell in the human body is vital because it maintains equilibrium and carries out a variety of tasks, including growth and development. These activities are carried out by a set of instructions carried by many different genes and organized into DNA. It is well recognized that some lifestyle decisions, like using tobacco, alcohol, UV, or multiple sexual partners, might increase one's risk of developing cancer. The advantages of natural products for any health issue are well known, and researchers are making attempts to separate flavonoid-containing substances from plants. Various parts of plants contain a phenolic compound called flavonoid. Quercetin, which belongs to the class of compounds known as flavones with chromone skeletal structure, has anti-cancer activity. PURPOSE The study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic action of the flavonoid quercetin on various cancer cells. METHODS The phrases quercetin, anti-cancer, nanoparticles, and cell line were used to search the data using online resources such as PubMed, and Google Scholar. Several critical previous studies have been included. RESULTS Quercetin inhibits various dysregulated signaling pathways that cause cancer cells to undergo apoptosis to exercise its anticancer effects. Numerous signaling pathways are impacted by quercetin, such as the Hedgehog system, Akt, NF-κB pathway, downregulated mutant p53, JAK/STAT, G1 phase arrest, Wnt/β-Catenin, and MAPK. There are downsides to quercetin, like hydrophobicity, first-pass effect, instability in the gastrointestinal tract, etc., because of which it is not well-established in the pharmaceutical industry. The solution to these drawbacks in the future is using bio-nanomaterials like chitosan, PLGA, liposomes, and silk fibroin as carriers, which can enhance the target specificity of quercetin. The first section of this review covers the specifics of flavonoids and quercetin; the second section covers the anti-cancer activity of quercetin; and the third section explains the drawbacks and conjugation of quercetin with nanoparticles for drug delivery by overcoming quercetin's drawback. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review presented details about quercetin, which is a plant derivative with a promising molecular mechanism of action. They inhibit cancer by various mechanisms with little or no side effects. It is anticipated that plant-based materials will become increasingly relevant in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Rajesh R
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanaraj Sangeetha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jia S, Lu C, Tong X, Li Q, Yan S, Pei J, Dai Y, Zhao L. Efficient and green production of flavone-5-O-glycosides by glycosyltransferases in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134477. [PMID: 39116985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
O-Glycosylflavonoids exhibit diverse biological activities but their low content in plants is difficult to extract and isolate, and chemical synthesis steps are cumbersome, which are harmful to the environment. Therefore, the biosynthesis of O-glycosylflavonoids represents a green and sustainable alternative strategy, with glycosyltransferases playing a crucial role in this process. However, there are few studies on flavone 5-O-glycosyltransferases, which limits the synthesis of rare flavone 5-O glycosides by microorganisms. In this study, we characterized a highly regioselectivity flavone 5-O glycosyltransferase from Panicum hallii. Site-directed mutagenesis at residue P141 switches glucosylation to xylosylation. Using a combinatorial strategy of metabolic engineering, we generated a series of Escherichia coli recombinant strains to biocatalyze glycosylation of the typical flavone apigenin. Ultimately, further optimization of transformation conditions, apigenin-5-O-glucoside and apigenin-5-O-xyloside were biosynthesized for the first time so far, and the yields were 1490 mg/L and 1210 mg/L, respectively. This study provides a biotechnological component for the biosynthesis of flavone-5-O-glycosides, and established a green and sustainable approach for the industrial production of high-value O-glycosylflavones by engineering, which lays a foundation for their further development and application in food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changning Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Yanghe Distillery Co. Ltd, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China.
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jinpu Research institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Erick NO, Montserrat EGA, Antonio EPE, Rocío SP, Eduardo LU, Verónica GC, Miriam RS, Imelda JA, Del Carmen BFJ, Cruz RCJ, Tzasna HDC, María GBA, Guillermo AAJ. Photoprotective effect of topical treatment with Lopezia racemosa extract against deleterious UVB irradiation effects in the skin of hairless mice. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:1489-1506. [PMID: 38445720 DOI: 10.1111/php.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Lopezia racemosa is known as a "mosquito flower or perlilla." It is commonly found in corn crops. In traditional Mexican medicine, this plant is used to treat stomach cancer and urinary tract infections. Likewise, compounds and extracts isolated from plants have shown cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the photochemoprotective effect of topical treatment with the methanolic extract of L. racemosa (MELR) as a photochemoprotective agent against the harmful effects of UV irradiation (UVR) on a bacterial model and hairless mice. The MELR components were separated and analyzed via HPLC-UV-ESI-MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of MERL to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals and by its FRAP capacity. The toxicity of MELR was evaluated in keratinocyte cultures. The photoprotective capacity of MELR was assessed through challenge experiments using models with bacteria and hairless CD1 et/et mice; cytokines related to the damage caused by UVR were also measured. In the methanolic extract of L. racemosa, five metabolites were detected and identified: two isomers of quercetin 6-C glycoside, orientin, quercetin 3-(6″-acetylglycoside) and quercetin 3-(6″-galloylglycoside) 7-(2,3-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate). MELR exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging properties, in addition to Fe ion reducing activity. MELR showed a photoprotective effect against UVB radiation-induced death in Escherichia coli bacteria. At the histological level, topical treatment of CD-1 et/et mice with MERL reduced the damage caused by UVR. Quantification of interleukins in the blood of mice revealed that the expression of IL-12 was greater in the control group treated with ultraviolet radiation than in the group protected with MELR. The methanolic extract of L. racemosa has photochemoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolasco Ontiveros Erick
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Estrella Parra Edgar Antonio
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Serrano Parrales Rocío
- Laboratorio de Bioactividad de Productos Naturales, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES)-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - López Urrutia Eduardo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - García Castillo Verónica
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juárez-Avelar Imelda
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Benítez Flores José Del Carmen
- Laboratorio de Histología, UMF, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rivera Cabrera José Cruz
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía de Líquidos, Departamento de Farmacología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hernández Delgado Claudia Tzasna
- Laboratorio de Bioactividad de Productos Naturales, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES)-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - García Bores Ana María
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Avila Acevedo José Guillermo
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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Liaudanskas M, Šedbarė R, Janulis V. Determination of Biologically Active Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro in Fruit of Small Cranberries ( Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) Growing in Natural Habitats in Lithuania. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1045. [PMID: 39334704 PMCID: PMC11428458 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of flavonols, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, triterpene compounds, and chlorogenic acid in small cranberry fruit samples collected in natural habitats in Lithuania and variation in the antioxidant capacity of cranberry fruit extracts was determined. This study showed that in the flavonol group, hyperoside and myricetin-3-O-galactoside predominated in cranberry fruit samples; in the anthocyanin group, the predominant compounds were cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, peonidin-3-O-galactoside, and peonidin-3-O-arabinoside, and in the group of triterpene compounds, ursolic acid was predominant. The highest total amounts of flavonols and anthocyanins were found in the samples collected in Čepkeliai State Strict Nature Reserve (2079.44 ± 102.99 μg/g and 6993.79 ± 350.22 μg/g, respectively). Cluster analysis of the chemical composition of small cranberry fruit samples revealed trends in the accumulation of bioactive compounds in cranberry fruit. Cranberry fruit samples collected in central Lithuania had higher levels of triterpene compounds. Statistical correlation analysis showed the strongest correlation between the quantitative composition of cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside and peonidin-3-O-arabinoside and the reducing capacity of the ethanolic extracts of the cranberry fruit samples assessed in vitro by the FRAP assay (r = 0.882, p < 0.01 and r = 0.805, p < 0.01, respectively). Summarizing the results, the geographical factor affects the variation of the quantitative composition of biologically active compounds in cranberry fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Šedbarė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Yang C, Xu T, Lu Y, Liu J, Chen C, Wang H, Chen X. Quercetin-loaded Human Umbilical cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived sEVs for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery. Neuroscience 2024; 552:14-28. [PMID: 38806069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury, the inflammatory environment at the injury site causes local microglia and astrocytes to activate, which worsens the nerve damage in the affected area. Quercetin, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been limited in spinal cord injury due to its poor water solubility and easy degradation. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can go through the blood-brain barrier and are an ideal drug delivery system. In this study, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles were used to load quercetin to prevent its degradation and allow it to accumulate at the site of spinal cord injury. Our results showed that quercetin-loaded extracellular vesicles could inhibit the activation of microglia to M1 phenotype through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and the activation of astrocytes to A1 phenotype through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. This reduced the production of inflammatory factors, mitigated neuronal damage, and inhibited the growth of astroglial scar, but promoted the recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Dai G, Xu C, Han B, Wang Z, Cai J, You W, Zhang Y. Treatment of bone-cartilage defects with dual-layer tissue-engineered scaffolds loaded with icariin and quercetin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38949056 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant research has been conducted on tissue-engineered constructs for cartilage repair. However, there is a growing interest in addressing subchondral bone repair along with cartilage regeneration. This study focuses on a bilayer tissue engineering scaffold loaded with icariin (ICA) and quercetin (QU) for simultaneous treatment of knee joint cartilage and subchondral bone defects. The cytotoxicity of dual-layer scaffolds loaded with ICA and QU was assessed through live/dead cell staining. Subsequently, these dual-layer scaffolds loaded with ICA and QU were implanted into cartilage and subchondral bone defects in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The repair effects were evaluated through macroscopic observation, computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. After 12 weeks of implantation of dual-layer scaffolds loaded with ICA and QU into the cartilage and bone defects of SD rats, better repair effects were observed in both cartilage and bone defects compared to the blank control group. We found that the dual-layer tissue-engineered scaffold loaded with ICA and QU had excellent biocompatibility and could effectively repair articular cartilage and subchondral bone injuries, showing promising prospects for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoda Dai
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguo Han
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichen Wang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianpin Cai
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wulin You
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Bai X, Wang S, Shu L, Cao Q, Hu H, Zhu Y, Chen C. Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate the deterioration of atherosclerosis by inhibiting SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR pathway through sPLA2-ⅡA signaling in macrophages in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118006. [PMID: 38442806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hawthorn leaves are a combination of the dried leaves of the Rosaceae plants, i.e., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., is primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) are the main part of extraction. The HLF have demonstrated potential in preventing hypertension, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism behind its anti-atherosclerotic effect has yet to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The in vivo and in vitro effects of HLF on lipid-mediated foam cell formation were investigated, with a specific focus on the levels of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-II A) in macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary constituents of HLF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vivo, HLF, at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Aorta and serum samples were collected to identify lesion areas and lipids through mass spectrometry analysis to dissect the pathological process. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone, or ox-LDL combined with different doses of HLF (100, 50, and 25 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus 24-h sPLA2-IIA inhibitors, for cell biology analysis. Lipids and inflammatory cytokines were detected using biochemical analyzers and ELISA, while plaque size and collagen content of plaque were assessed by HE and the Masson staining of the aorta. The lipid deposition in macrophages was observed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of sPLA2-IIA and SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of HLF was studied using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, allowing the tentative identification of 20 compounds, comprising 1 phenolic acid, 9 flavonols and 10 flavones, including isovitexin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-robibioside, rutin, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, etc. HLF decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), reduced ox-LDL uptake, inhibited level of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ꞵ (P < 0.001), and alleviated aortic plaques with a thicker fibrous cap. HLF effectively attenuated foam cell formation in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced levels of intracellular TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < 0.001). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, HLF significantly downregulated the expression of sPLA2-IIA, SCAP, SREBP2, LDLR, HMGCR, and LOX-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA inhibitor effectively mitigated inflammatory release in RAW264.7 macrophages and regulated SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway by inhibiting sPLA2-IIA secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HLF exerted a protective effect against atherosclerosis through inhibiting sPLA2-IIA to diminish SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway, to reduce LDL uptake caused foam cell formation, and to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Limei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qingyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Huiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330052, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanchen Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ruiz-Medina A, Terzic M, Sinan KI, Koyuncu I, Egi K, Nilofar N, Zengin G. Chemical composition and biological activities of Cucurbita okeechobeensis extracts from its aerial parts, seeds, and fruit shells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300663. [PMID: 38408265 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The Cucurbita genus has been widely used in traditional medicinal systems across different countries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects of methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts, seeds, and fruit shells of Cucurbita okeechobeensis. Antioxidant properties were assessed using various chemical methods, including radical quenching (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum assays. The extracts' enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase, whereas different cancer cell lines were used for the cytotoxicity study. The chemical composition, evaluated by HPLC-ESI-MSn, showed that the most abundant compounds were flavonoids (mainly quercetin glycosides) followed by phenolic acids (mostly caffeic acid derivatives). The aerial parts displayed stronger antioxidant ability than the seed and fruit shells, in agreement with the highest content in phytochemicals. In addition, the methanol extracts presented the highest bioactivity and content in phytochemicals; among them, the extract of the aerial part exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis. Overall, our results suggest that C. okeechobeensis is a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Milena Terzic
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Kadir Egi
- Dialysis Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nilofar Nilofar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Safa R, Walid Y, Affes TG, Hammami M, Sellami IH. Bioassay-guided isolation, identification and activity evaluation of antifungal compounds from Cupressus sempervirens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2593-2604. [PMID: 37767807 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2262399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The quest for eco-friendly antifungal compounds from natural sources has surged, seeking alternatives to synthetic fungicides. In this study, we explored Cupressus sempervirens organic extracts antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea, a destructive fungus causing grey mold disease in crops. Extracts from various phenological stages were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The dichloromethanolic extract from the flowering stage exhibited the highest efficacy, completely inhibiting B. cinerea mycelial growth, at 250 μg/mL and preventing conidia germination at 500 μg/mL. Bioguided fractionation and chromatography, led to the identification of isoquercetin as the active compound responsible for the antifungal effects. These findings present promising possibilities for the development of sustainable biofungicides to combat grey mould disease in agriculture. Further investigations into isoquercetin's potential as a biofungicide are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rguez Safa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, BP, Tunisia
| | - Yeddes Walid
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, BP, Tunisia
| | - Taycir Grati Affes
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, BP, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, BP, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Hamrouni Sellami
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, BP, Tunisia
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Tan S, Wu L, Liu J, Wu Z, Cheng Q, Qu Q, Zhu L, Yan Y, Wu H, Ling TJ, Liu RT, Yang S. Quercetin-3-O-glc-1-3-rham-1-6-glucoside decreases Aβ production, inhibits Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity, and prohibits the production of inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176491. [PMID: 38503399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with the hallmark of aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) into extracellular fibrillar deposition. Accumulating evidence suggests that soluble toxic Aβ oligomers exert diverse roles in neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the eventual pathogenesis of AD. Aβ is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The current effect of single targeting is not ideal for the treatment of AD. Therefore, developing multipotent agents with multiple properties, including anti-Aβ generation and anti-Aβ aggregation, is attracting more attention for AD treatment. Previous studies indicated that Quercetin was able to attenuate the effects of several pathogenetic factors in AD. Here, we showed that naturally synthesized Quercetin-3-O-glc-1-3-rham-1-6-glucoside (YCC31) could inhibit Aβ production by reducing β-secretase activity. Further investigations indicated that YCC31 could suppress toxic Aβ oligomer formation by directly binding to Aβ. Moreover, YCC31 could attenuate Aβ-mediated neuronal death, ROS and NO production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Taken together, YCC31 targeting multiple pathogenetic factors deserves further investigation for drug development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Linmei Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiuhao Qu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lianghao Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yizhu Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Shigao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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11
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Zhang K, Li H, Shi J, Liu W, Wang Y, Tu P, Li J, Song Y. Strategy strengthens structural identification through hyphenating full collision energy ramp-MS 2 and full exciting energy ramp-MS 3 spectra: An application for metabolites identification of rosmarinic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342346. [PMID: 38401935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
"MS/MS spectrum to structure" analysis is the most challenging task for MS/MS-relied qualitative characterization. The conventional database- and computation-assisted strategies cannot reach confirmative identification, notably for isomers. Hence, an advanced strategy was proposed here through tackling the two determinant obstacles such as the transformation from elemental compositions to fragment ion structures and the linkage style amongst substructures. As typical conjugated structures, esters were measured for strategy illustration, and metabolite identification of a famous natural antioxidant namely rosmarinic acid (RosA) in rat was undertaken for applicability justification. Through programming online energy-resolved (ER)-MS for the first collision cell of Qtrap-MS device, full collision energy ramp (FCER)-MS2 spectrum was configured for [M-H]- ion of each ester to provide optimal collision energies (OCEs) for all concerned diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs), i.e. a-, b-, c-, y-, and z-type ions. The linear correlations between masses and OCEs were built for each ion type to facilitate DFIs recognition from chaotic MS2 spectrum. To identify 1st-generation fragment ions, full exciting energy ramp (FEER)-MS3 spectra were configured for key DFIs via programming the second ER-MS in the latter collision chamber. FEER-MS3 spectrum of 1st-generation fragment ion for ester was demonstrated to be identical with FEER-MS2 spectrum of certain hydrolysis product when sharing the same structure. After applying the advanced strategy to recognize DFIs and identify 1st-generation fragment ions, a total of forty metabolites (M1-M40), resulted from hydrolysis, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation, were unambiguously identified for RosA after oral administration. Together, the advanced bottom-up strategy hyphenating FCER-MS2 and FEER-MS3 spectra, is meaningful to strengthen "MS/MS spectrum to structure" analysis through recognizing and identifying fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macao
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, East Road of North 3rd Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Hashemi SS, Pakdin A, Mohammadi A, Keshavarzi A, Mortazavi M, Sanati P. Study the Effect of Calendula officinalis Extract Loaded on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Cream in Burn Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59269-59279. [PMID: 38085997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The skin, the body's largest organ, acts as a protective barrier against pathogens and environmental damage. Skin burns can result from heat, chemicals, friction, or electricity. Nanoscience has recently been utilized to create ointments and creams for burns. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are crucial due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, a cream containing nanoparticles was loaded with calendula extract, and its ability to promote tissue healing was investigated in Wistar rats with skin burns. The zinc oxide nanoparticles were chemically synthesized and loaded with calendula extract. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were confirmed by SEM, ZETA size, XRD, and FTIR assays. The MTT technique was employed to assess the cream's impact on fibroblast growth. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was investigated against Pseudomonas using the MIC method. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 genes in aeruginosa. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles at high concentrations increased the proliferation of the fibroblast cells. Histopathological studies showed granulation and epithelialization of the tissue without any hemorrhage or tissue infection during the first days of treatment with this cream. The animal models treated with the cream showed an increase in Bcl-2 gene expression and a decrease in Bax expression. We concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with calendula extract have a practical effect in healing burn wounds due to their unique antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. The synergistic effect of these two substances significantly improved the healing process. This newly developed cream can be introduced as a successful and viable treatment option in burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Amir Pakdin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Mohammadi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mortazavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 76318-85356, Iran
| | - Parisa Sanati
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
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Trobo-Maseda L, Romero-Fernandez M, Guisan JM, Rocha-Martin J. Glycosylation of polyphenolic compounds: Design of a self-sufficient biocatalyst by co-immobilization of a glycosyltransferase, a sucrose synthase and the cofactor UDP. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126009. [PMID: 37536414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyze the regioselective glycosylation of polyphenolic compounds, increasing their solubility without altering their antioxidant properties. Leloir-type glycosyltransferases require UDP-glucose as a cofactor to glycosylate a hydroxyl of the polyphenol, which is expensive and unstable. To simplify these processes for industrial implementation, the preparation of self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalysts is needed. In this study, a glycosyltransferase and a sucrose synthase (as an UDP-regenerating enzyme) were co-immobilized onto porous agarose-based supports coated with polycationic polymers: polyethylenimine and polyallylamine. In addition, the UDP cofactor was strongly ionically adsorbed and co-immobilized with the enzymes, eliminating the need to add it separately. Thus, the optimal self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalyst was able to catalyze the glycosylation of three polyphenolic compounds (piceid, phloretin and quercetin) with in situ regeneration of the UDP-glucose, allowing multiple consecutive reaction cycles without the addition of exogenous cofactor. A TTN value of 50 (theoretical maximum) was obtained in the reaction of piceid glycosylation, after 5 reaction cycles, using the self-sufficient biocatalyst based on an improved sucrose synthase variant. This result was 5-fold higher than the obtained using soluble cofactor and the co-immobilized enzymes, and much higher than those reported in the literature for similar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Trobo-Maseda
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Romero-Fernandez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhao X, Zhang Z, Xu J, Wang N, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of O-Glycosides with Borate Acceptors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11735-11747. [PMID: 37525574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Borate esters have been applied widely as coupling partners in organic synthesis. However, the direct utilization of borate acceptors in O-glycosylation with glycal donors remains underexplored. Herein, we describe a novel O-glycosylation resulting in the formation of 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides and 2-deoxy O-glycosides mediated by palladium and copper catalysis, respectively. This O-glycosylation method tolerated a broad scope of trialkyl/triaryl borates and various glycals with exclusive stereoselectivities in high yields. All the desired aliphatic/aromatic O-glycosides and 2-deoxy O-glycosides were generated successfully, without the hemiacetal byproducts and O→C rearrangement because of the nature of borate esters. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated by functionalizing the 2,3-unsaturated glycoside products to form saturated β-O-glycosides, 2,3-deoxy O-glycosides, and 2,3-epoxy O-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
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Alizadeh SR, Savadkouhi N, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Drug design strategies that aim to improve the low solubility and poor bioavailability conundrum in quercetin derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1117-1132. [PMID: 37515777 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientists are especially interested in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. Quercetin, a flavonoid, has demonstrated various therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Different plant sources contain varying quantities and types of quercetin. However, quercetin's bioavailability is frequently low due to its low water solubility, molecular stability, and absorption characteristics. AREAS COVERED The primary goals of this review are related to the approaches for overcoming quercetin's limitations. Hence, the main tactics for structural modifications (addition of charged and polar groups, removing C2, C3 double bond or reducing aromaticity, disrupting intramolecular H-bond, and reducing crystal lattice stability) and drug delivery systems (cyclodextrin complexes, emulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) were discussed to improve water solubility and bioavailability of quercetin. EXPERT OPINION From a tactical perspective, enhancing the solubility of compounds can be simplified through decreasing hydrophobic properties or crystalline stability. In addition, an essential field of study focuses on creating appropriate molecular carriers for substances with low water solubility. However, pharmacokinetics, potency, and toxicology are all impacted by the structural factors and physical characteristics that regulate solubility. Poor water solubility is still a major problem in drug discovery, and new methods are always in demand to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Niloofar Savadkouhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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El Maaiden E, Qarah N, Ezzariai A, Mazar A, Nasser B, Moustaid K, Boukcim H, Hirich A, Kouisni L, El Kharrassi Y. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Isoquercetin from Ephedra alata (Decne): Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and In Vitro Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030725. [PMID: 36978973 PMCID: PMC10045738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquercetin (ISQ) is reported to be a powerful antioxidant with extremely high bioavailability and structural stability compared to aglycone quercetin. Despite this, it is not well studied due to the limited methods for its extraction. With the growing interest in the research and analysis of ISQ-rich herbs, there is a need to optimize an efficient and rapid method for their extraction. In the present study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of ISQ from Ephedra alata Decne was optimized by a response surface methodology (RSM) using high-performance liquid chromatography as a separation method. The best possible ranges for extraction time (10–30 min), temperature (50–70 °C), ultrasonic power (60–90 W), solvent-to-solid ratio (50–70 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (50–70%) were determined using a single factor analysis. Subsequently, an optimization of the extraction conditions was performed with RSM using the Box–Behnken design. An ultrasonication time of 10 min, a temperature of 60 °C, a power of 75 W, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 60 mL/g, and an ethanol concentration of 70% were determined to be the optimal conditions for the highest recovery of isoquercetin (1033.96 ± 3.28 µg/g). Furthermore, E. alata powder morphology (using a scanning electron microscope), antioxidant activities, and the inhibition potential of key enzymes involved in skin aging (elastase and collagenase), hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase), diabetes (α-amylase), inflammation (hyaluronidase), and neurodegenerative disorders (cholinesterase) were determined and compared with those using the Soxhlet method. This study established a highly efficient method for ISQ extraction and suggested several potential applications of ISQ in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.M.); (Y.E.K.)
| | - Nagib Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Zabid, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah P.O. Box 3114, Yemen;
| | - Amine Ezzariai
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Adil Mazar
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Khadija Moustaid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (A.E.); (A.M.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.M.); (Y.E.K.)
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Ma C, Xiang Q, Song G, Wang X. Quercetin and polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1006678. [PMID: 36588716 PMCID: PMC9800798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease, and results to opsomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hairy, acne, acanthosis, infertility, abortion. In the long term, PCOS may also increase the risk of endometrial cancer, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and other diseases. Till now there is no specific drug for PCOS due to the unclearness of the cause and pathogenesis, as current treatments for PCOS only target certain symptoms. Quercetin (QUR) is a flavonoid drug widely found in Chinese herbal medicines, fruits, leaves, vegetables, seeds and plants roots. Studies on other diseases have found that QUR has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-insulin resistance, anti-cancer and other effects. Some studies have shown that serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), the LH/follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid levels are reduced in PCOS patients with QUR treatment. However, the mechanisms of QUR in PCOS patients have not been completely elucidated. In this review, we retrospect the basic characteristics of QUR, and in vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical trials of QUR and plant extracts containing QUR in the treatment of PCOS. We also summarized the effects and mechanism of QUR in ovarian cells in vitro and PCOS model rats, the changes in relevant parameters after QUR administration in PCOS patients, and its potentially therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ge Song, ; Xuefei Wang,
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ge Song, ; Xuefei Wang,
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Quercetin Derivatives in Combating Spinal Cord Injury: A Mechanistic and Systematic Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121960. [PMID: 36556325 PMCID: PMC9783198 DOI: 10.3390/life12121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) possesses a complicated etiology. There is no FDA-approved treatment for SCI, and the majority of current interventions focus on reducing symptoms. During SCI, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy are behind the secondary phase of SCI and cause serious consequences. It urges the need for providing multi-targeting agents, that possess lower side effects and higher efficacy. The plant secondary metabolites are multi-targeting agents and seem to provide new roads in combating diseases. Flavonoids are phytochemicals of continual interest to scientists in combating neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Flavonoids are being studied for their biological and pharmacological effects, particularly as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy regulators. Quercetin is one of the most well-known flavonols known for its preventative and therapeutic properties. It is a naturally occurring bioactive flavonoid that has recently received a lot of attention for its beneficial effects on NDDs. Several preclinical evidence demonstrated its neuroprotective effects. In this systematic review, we aimed at providing the biological activities of quercetin and related derivatives against SCI. Detailed neuroprotective mechanisms of quercetin derivatives are also highlighted in combating SCI.
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Kang SG, Lee GB, Vinayagam R, Do GS, Oh SY, Yang SJ, Kwon JB, Singh M. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidative, and Nitric Oxide-Scavenging Activities of a Quercetin Nanosuspension with Polyethylene Glycol in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:7432. [PMID: 36364256 PMCID: PMC9659305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu) is a dietary antioxidant and a member of flavonoids in the plant polyphenol family. Qu has a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) molecules; hence, exhibiting beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. However, quercetin has low bioavailability due to poor water solubility, low absorption, and rapid excretion from the body. To address these issues, the usage of Qu nanosuspensions can improve physical stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, we developed a Qu and polyethylene glycol nanosuspension (Qu-PEG NS) and confirmed its interaction by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Qu-PEG NS did not show cytotoxicity to HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, Qu-PEG NS effectively reduced the nitrogen oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, Qu-PEG NS effectively lowered the levels of COX-2, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in the LPS-induced inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells. Specifically, Qu-PEG NS exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging the ROS and RNS and mediated the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, Qu-PEG NS had a high antioxidant effect and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Therefore, the developed novel nanosuspension showed comparable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial functions and may also improve solubility and physical stability compared to raw quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Gi Baek Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Geum Sook Do
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Se Yong Oh
- Nova M Healthcare Co., Ltd., 16-53, Jisiksaneop 4-ro, Gyeongsan 38408, Korea
| | - Su Jin Yang
- Nova M Healthcare Co., Ltd., 16-53, Jisiksaneop 4-ro, Gyeongsan 38408, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Kwon
- Nova M Healthcare Co., Ltd., 16-53, Jisiksaneop 4-ro, Gyeongsan 38408, Korea
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Shi YJ, Gao JW, Liu CF. Facile synthesis of 8-arylated quercetin derivatives and biological activity evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Froldi G, Ragazzi E. Selected Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Peripheral Artery Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Efficacy and Safety. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207110. [PMID: 36296702 PMCID: PMC9611444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), are associated with diabetes mellitus and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and even death. Surgical revascularization and pharmacological treatments (mainly antiplatelet, lipid-lowering drugs, and antidiabetic agents) have some effectiveness, but the response and efficacy of therapy are overly dependent on the patient’s conditions. Thus, the demand for new cures exists. In this regard, new studies on natural polyphenols that act on key points involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and, thus, on PAD are of great urgency. The purpose of this review is to take into account the mechanisms that lead to endothelium dysfunction, such as the glycoxidation process and the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that result in protein misfolding, and to suggest plant-derived polyphenols that could be useful in PAD. Thus, five polyphenols are considered, baicalein, curcumin, mangiferin, quercetin and resveratrol, reviewing the literature in PubMed. The key molecular mechanisms and preclinical and clinical studies of each selected compound are examined. Furthermore, the safety profiles of the polyphenols are outlined, together with the unwanted effects reported in humans, also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase).
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22
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Sustainable Dyeing and Functionalization of Different Fibers Using Orange Peel Extract’s Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102059. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diluted ethanol orange peel extract was used for sustainable dyeing and functionalization of different fabrics. The extract analysis was performed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS; its total flavonoid (0.67 g RE/100 g d.w.) and antioxidant (2.81 g GAE/100 g d.w.) contents and antioxidant activity (IC50 of 65.5 µg/mL) were also determined. The extract dyeing performance at various dyebath pH values was evaluated using multifiber fabric. Among six fabrics, extract possessed the ability for dyeing wool, polyamide, and cellulose acetate (at pH 4.5), which color strength (K/S) values increased after washing (9.7–19.8 vs. 11.6–23.2). Extract:water ratio of 20:35 (v/v) was found to be sufficient for achieving satisfactory K/S values (i.e., 20.17, 12.56, and 10.38 for wool, polyamide, and cellulose acetate, respectively) that were slightly changed after washing. The optimal dyeing temperatures for wool, polyamide, and cellulose acetate are 55, 35, and 25 °C, while the equilibrium dye exhaustion at those temperatures was achieved after 45, 120, and 90 min, respectively. The color coordinate measurements revealed that wool and polyamide fabrics are yellower than cellulose acetate, while, compared to polyamide and cellulose acetate, wool is redder. Possible interactions between selected fabrics and extract compounds are suggested. All fabrics possessed excellent antioxidant activity (88.6–99.6%) both before and after washing. Cellulose acetate provided maximum bacterial reduction (99.99%) for Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, which in the case of Staphylococcus aureus remained unchanged after washing. Orange peel extract could be used for simultaneous dyeing and functionalization of wool and polyamide (excellent antioxidant activity) and cellulose acetate (excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activity) fabrics.
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Nikolaeva NS, Yandulova EY, Aleksandrova YR, Starikov AS, Neganova ME. The Role of a Pathological Interaction between β-amyloid and Mitochondria in the Occurrence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:19-34. [PMID: 36348714 PMCID: PMC9611857 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in existence. It is characterized by an impaired cognitive function that is due to a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the main pathological features of the disease. In addition to abnormal protein aggregation, increased mitochondrial fragmentation, altered expression of the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, disruptions in the ER-mitochondria interaction, and mitophagy are observed. Reactive oxygen species are known to affect Aβ expression and aggregation. In turn, oligomeric and aggregated Aβ cause mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we summarize available knowledge about the pathological effects of Aβ on mitochondria and the potential molecular targets associated with proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Nikolaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - E. Yu. Yandulova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. S. Starikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - M. E. Neganova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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Recent Advancements in Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols by Biochemical Means. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a reservoir of phytochemicals, which are known to possess several beneficial health properties. Along with all the secondary metabolites, polyphenols have emerged as potential replacements for synthetic additives due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. However, controlling microbial growth using these preservatives requires very high doses of plant-derived compounds, which limits their use to only specific conditions. Their use at high concentrations leads to unavoidable changes in the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, the biochemical modification of natural preservatives can be a promising alternative to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived compounds/polyphenols. Amongst these modifications, low concentration of ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu (II), degradation products of ascorbic acid (DPAA), Maillard reaction products (MRPs), laccase–mediator (Lac–Med) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 systems standout. This review reveals the importance of plant polyphenols, their role as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of the biochemical methods and the ways these methods may be used in enhancing the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenols. Ultimately, this study may act as a base for the development of potent antimicrobial agents that may find their use in food applications.
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Antioxidant Quercetin 3-O-Glycosylated Plant Flavonols Contribute to Transthyretin Stabilization. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are rich in secondary metabolites, which are often useful as a relevant source of nutraceuticals. Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonol aglycone able to bind Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that under pathological conditions can lose its native structure leading to fibrils formation and amyloid diseases onset. Here, the dual nature of five quercetin 3-O-glycosylated flavonol derivatives, isolated from different plant species, such as possible binders of TTR and antioxidants, was investigated. The crystal structure of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside in complex with TTR was solved, suggesting that not only quercetin but also its metabolites can contribute to stabilizing the TTR tetramer.
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Ha AT, Rahmawati L, You L, Hossain MA, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Moisturizing, and Antimelanogenesis Effects of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide in Human Keratinocytes and Melanoma Cells via Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010433. [PMID: 35008862 PMCID: PMC8745180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q-3-G), the glucuronide conjugate of quercetin, has been reported as having anti-inflammatory properties in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, as well as anticancer and antioxidant properties. Unlike quercetin, which has been extensively described to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including skin protective effects, the pharmacological benefits and mechanisms Q-3-G in the skin remained to be elucidated. This study focused on characterizing the skin protective properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, of Q-3-G against UVB-induced or H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the hydration effects, and antimelanogenesis activities using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma (B16F10) cells. Q-3-G down-regulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in H2O2 or UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. We also showed that Q-3-G exhibits an antioxidant effect using free radical scavenging assays, flow cytometry, and an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2). Q-3-G reduced melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells. The hydration effects and mechanisms of Q-3-G were examined by evaluating the moisturizing factor-related genes, such as transglutaminase-1 (TGM-1), filaggrin (FLG), and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1. In addition, Q-3-G increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 (MKK4), and TAK1, involved in the MAPKs/AP-1 pathway, and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IκB kinase (IKK)-α, Akt, and Src, involved in the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, we have demonstrated that Q-3-G exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, moisturizing, and antimelanogenesis properties in human keratinocytes and melanoma cells through NF-κB and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Ha
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Laily Rahmawati
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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