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Luo FH, Chen ZH, Zeng FF, Yang X, Li JJ, Zhang FX, Shi W. Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacologic activities, traditional applications, pharmacokinetics, quality control and toxicity of Zanthoxyli Radix: An updated review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118783. [PMID: 39244175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxyli Radix (ZR), the dry root of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC (ZN) is known as Liang Mian Zhen in China and has been the preferred Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer disease at home and abroad. ZR has been used as the core ingredient in anti-inflammatory traditional medicines, such as Sanjiuweitai granules and Jinji tablets, etc. AIM OF THE WORK: This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ZR in terms of traditional uses, quality control, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory substances and mechanism of ZR were emphasized, to offer new perspectives and broad scopes for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was retrieved from Web of Science, Researchgate, Google Scholar, SciFinder, X-MOL, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Masters and Doctoral Dissertations, and Elsevier between 1984 and 2024. RESULTS Till now, a total of 184 chemical components have been identified in ZR, including 91 alkaloids, 22 lignans, 4 flavonoids, 19 coumarins, 17 terpenoids, and 31 other types. Pharmacological studies have proved that ZR had a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumour, antibacterial, antioxidant and other activities, particularly in anti-inflammation. ZR exerts anti-inflammatory disease effects by modulating various signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, P13/AKT and JAK/STAT. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that ZR exhibits low absorption rates, broad distribution, and rapid metabolism. Additionally, this review also revealed the shortcomings of current research on ZR and possible future research directions. CONCLUSION Extensive literature analysis indicates that ZR and its bioactive constituents possess diverse pharmacological activities, especially anti-inflammation. Moreover, in order to promote the safety and adaptability of ZR in clinical application, it is also strongly recommended that further research should focus on toxicity studies, pharmacokinetic studies of herb-drug interactions, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Fen-Fen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Muema FW, Nanjala C, Oulo MA, Wangchuk P. Phytochemical Content and Antidiabetic Properties of Most Commonly Used Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Kenya. Molecules 2023; 28:7202. [PMID: 37894680 PMCID: PMC10609527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have been used for decades in folk medicines in the treatment and management of several ailments and diseases including diabetes, pain, ulcers, cancers, and wounds, among others. This study focused on the phytochemical and antidiabetic activity of the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal species in Kenya. Phytochemical profiling of these species revealed flavonoids and terpenoids as the major chemical classes reported which have been linked with strong biological activities against the aforementioned diseases, among others. However, out of the selected twenty-two species, many of the natural product isolation studies have focused on only a few species, as highlighted in the study. All of the examined crude extracts from thirteen antidiabetic species demonstrated strong antidiabetic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase among other mechanisms, while nine are yet to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Isolated compounds S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, quercetin, alliuocide G, 2-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3 (2H)-benzofuranone, Luteolin-7-O-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin, 1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one and [1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one]-4'-O-D-gluco-pyranoside from Allium cepa have been found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activities. With the huge number of adults living with diabetes in Kenya and the available treatment methods being expensive yet not so effective, this study highlights alternative remedies by documenting the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal plants. Further, the study supports the antidiabetic use of these plants with the existing pharmacological profiles and highlights research study gaps. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct natural products isolation work on the selected antidiabetic species commonly used in Kenya and evaluate their antidiabetic activities, both in vitro and in vivo, to validate their antidiabetic use and come up with new antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (M.A.O.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (M.A.O.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd., Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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Ding J, Sun T, Wu H, Zheng H, Wang S, Wang D, Shan W, Ling Y, Zhang Y. Novel Canthin-6-one Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Their Antiproliferative Activities via Inducing Apoptosis, Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage, and Ferroptosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31215-31224. [PMID: 37663479 PMCID: PMC10468838 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel canthin-6-one (CO) derivatives (8a-l) were designed and synthesized by introducing different amide side chains at the C-2 position, and their water solubility, antiproliferative activity, and preliminary mechanism were investigated. Most compounds displayed high cytotoxicity exhibiting low-micromolar IC50 values against four human cancer cell lines, especially HT29 cells. Meanwhile, the water solubility of active CO derivatives was significantly improved. Among these compounds, compound 8h with the N-methyl piperazine group exhibiting the highest antiproliferative capability with an IC50 value of 1.0 μM against HT29 cells, which was 8.6-fold lower than that of CO. Furthermore, 8h could upregulate the levels of reactive oxygen species, leading to mitochondrial damage. In addition, 8h could promote cell apoptosis and DNA damage by regulating the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase 3) and the DNA damage-associated protein (H2AX). Most importantly, 8h also exerted ferroptosis by reducing the GSH level and GPX4 expression as well as increasing the lipid peroxidation level. Thus, the novel CO derivative 8h with N-methylpiperazine represents a promising anticancer candidate and warrants a more intensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ding
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College
of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenpei Shan
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and
Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Okagu IU, Okeke ES, Ezeorba WCF, Ndefo JC, Ezeorba TPC. Overhauling the ecotoxicological impact of synthetic pesticides using plants' natural products: a focus on Zanthoxylum metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67997-68021. [PMID: 37148518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in agricultural production due to the negative impact of insects and weeds, as well as the health and economic burden associated with vector-borne diseases, has promoted the wide use of chemicals that control these "enemies." However, the use of these synthetic chemicals has been recognized to elicit negative impacts on the environment as well as the health and wellbeing of man. In this study, we presented an overview of recent updates on the environmental and health impacts of synthetic pesticides against agro-pest and disease vectors while exhaustive reviewing the potentials of natural plant products from Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) as sustainable alternatives. This study is expected to spur further research on exploiting these plants and their chemicals as safe and effective pesticide entities to minimize the impact of their chemical and synthetic counterparts on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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6
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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [PMID: 36513263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants have been used in various parts of the world to treat various diseases. The genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) is the second largest genus of this family and comprises approximately 225-549 species distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Plants of this genus are trees and shrubs with various applications in folklore medicine for food, medicine, construction, and other uses. AIM OF THE REVIEW The goal of this review is to give an updated data on the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Zanthoxylum species to investigate their medicinal potential and identify research gaps for future research studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was obtained through a systematic search of published literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder. The botanical names were confirmed using the World Flora Online and chemical structures were drawn using the ChemBio Draw Ultra Version 14.0 Software. RESULTS The Zanthoxylum species have a wide use in different parts of the continents as a remedy for various diseases such as digestive diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, venereal diseases, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, bacterial diseases, viral, and other diseases. Various parts of the plant comprising fruits, seeds, twigs, leaves, oils, and stems are administered singly or in the form of decoction, infusion, powder, paste, poultice, juice, or mixed with other medicinal plants to cure the disease. More than 400 secondary metabolites have been isolated and characterized in this genus with various biological activities, which comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, alcohols, fatty acids, amides, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, and hydrocarbons. The crude extracts, fractions, and chemical compounds isolated from the genus have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including; anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-sickling, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antitumor, and other pharmacological activities. CONCLUSION This genus has demonstrated an array of phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential. The ethnobotanical uses of this genus have been confirmed in modern pharmacological research. This genus is a potential source for modern drug discovery and health care products. Further and extensive research is therefore required on the safety approval and therapeutic application of the species of this genus as well as clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Caroline Njambi Ndungu
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Muguci Njire
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Kaigongi MM, Lukhoba CW, Musila FM, Taylor M, Mbugua RW, Githiomi J, Yenesew A, Makunga NP. A versatile untargeted metabolomics-driven technology for rapid phytochemical profiling of stem barks of Zanthoxylum species with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays. In a broth dilution assay, the extract of the stem bark of Z. holtzianum ability showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by Z. chalybeum stem bark extract. The activities were positively correlated to both flavonoids and alkaloids concentrations, while the concentration of phenolics had weak negative correlation to antimicrobial activities. A chemometric analysis of the liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry profiles led to grouping of the species into three clusters. This study illustrates the variation in the bioactivity of Zanthoxylum species based on metabolite composition and justifies the wide usage of Zanthoxylum species in Kenyan traditional medicinal practices.
Graphical abstract
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8
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Wei WJ, Chen XH, Guo T, Liu XQ, Zhao Y, Wang LL, Lan JX, Li HW, Si YP, Wang ZM. A Review on Classification and Biological Activities of Alkaloids from the Genus Zanthoxylum Species. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:336-361. [PMID: 32912124 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200910091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many plants in the genus Zanthoxylum, belonging to the Rutaceae family, are used as folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which have gained much attention for their phytochemical and pharmacological activity investigations. Alkaloids are the largest secondary metabolites with structurally diverse types found in this genus and they demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this review is to provide a summary on the isolation, classification, and biological properties of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum species, which also will bring more attention to other researchers for further biological study on alkaloids for the new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xu Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Po Si
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Isolation of endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity from medicinal plant Zanthoxylum simulans Hance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:385-397. [PMID: 33544301 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have been found to exist in many plant species and appear to be important to their plant hosts. However, the diversity and biological activities of these fungi remain largely unknown. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, a popular natural spice and medicinal plant, commonly known as Szechuan pepper or Chinese-pepper, grows on Kinmen Island, Taiwan. In this study, leaf and stem samples of Z. simulans, collected in summer and winter, were screened for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory metabolite-producing endophytic fungi. A total of 113 endophytic strains were isolated and cultured from Z. simulans, among which 23 were found to possess antimicrobial activity, belonging to six fungal genera: Penicillium (26.09%, 6), Colletotrichum (21.74%, 5), Diaporthe (21.74%, 5), Daldinia (17.39%, 4), Alternaria (8.70%, 2), and Didymella (4.34%, 1). We also found that the number of species with antimicrobial activity and their compositions differed between summer and winter. Our study demonstrated that Z. simulans might contain large and diverse communities of endophytic fungi, and its community composition varies seasonally. In addition, fungal endophytes produce antimicrobial agents, which may protect their hosts against pathogens and could be a potential source of natural antibiotics.
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Gazoni VF, Balogun SO, Arunachalam K, Oliveira DM, Filho VC, Lima SR, Colodel EM, Soares IM, Ascêncio SD, Martins DTDO. Assessment of toxicity and differential antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of rhizome of Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil. and its isolate canthin-6-one. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:122-134. [PMID: 29772356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil., Simaroubaceae, popularly known as "calunga" is a typical subtropical shrub used in Central Brazil mainly for infection, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastric duodenal-ulcers. It presents in its composition the alkaloid canthin-6-one, an alkaloid indole β-carboxylic. AIM This study aims to investigate the toxicity, antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Simaba ferruginea (MESf) and canthin-6-one by using different experimental models. METHODS The present study evaluated the phytochemical analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), toxicological potential of MESf and canthin-6-one, using the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity assays with CHO-K1 cells and in vivo acute test in mice. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution assays, while the antimicrobial mechanism of action was also assessed using different in vitro bacterial and fungal models. RESULTS The HPLC analysis of MESf revealed the presence of canthin-6-one, kaempferol and morin. Differential in vitro toxicities were observed between MESf and canthin-6-one. In the cytotoxicity assay, MESf presented toxicity against CHO-K1, while canthin-6-one did not. In the case of in vitro genotoxicity, both showed to be potentially genotoxic. In the in vivo toxicity study, both MESf (up to 1000 mg/kg) and cantin-6-one (up to 100 mg/kg) caused no toxicologically relevant alterations and are thus considered not to be toxic. MESf was shown to be relatively safe with NOAEL (100 mg/kg) when administrate in mice. Both MESf and canthin-6-one also showed differential antimicrobial activities. On one hand, MESf demonstrated good spectrum of antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 12.5 μg/mL) and Escherichia coli (MIC 25 μg/mL) and moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Shigella flexneri (MIC 200 μg/mL) but no antifungal effect. On the hand, canthin-6-one showed no antibacterial activity, except against Staphylococcus aureus (100 μg/mL), but potent in vitro fungicidal activity against clinically important Aspergillus niger and Candida species at MFC intervals ranging from 3.12 to 25 μg/mL. Both MESf and canthin-6-one were bacteriostatic in action. MESf antimicrobial mechanism of actions are associated with changes in the permeability of bacterial membranes, evidenced by the increased entry of hydrophobic antibiotic in Shigella flexneri, intense K+ efflux (Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus) and nucleotides leakage (Staphylococcus aureus). In the antifungal mode of action, canthin-6-one inhibited Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and including alteration in the cell membrane of Neurospora crassa. CONCLUSION The results of this work demonstrated the differential antimicrobial activities of MESf and its alkaloid isolate, canthin-6-one with antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. The present study support the popular use of Simaba ferruginea in combatting afflictions related to bacterial infections, and demonstrate that canthin-6-one as a promising antifungal agent. Both MESf and canthin-6-one are considered non-toxic based on the in vitro toxicological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fátima Gazoni
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso - AJES, 78320-000 Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Darley Maria Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade de Vale do Itajaí, 78020-400 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Samara Rosolem Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantis, 77020-210 Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantis, 77020-210 Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Growth, Survival and Spore Formation of the Pathogenic Aquatic Oomycete Aphanomyces astaci and Fungus Fusarium avenaceum Are Inhibited by Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Bark Extracts In Vitro. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Alam F, Us Saqib QN. Evaluation of Zanthoxylum armatum Roxb for in vitro biological activities. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:515-518. [PMID: 29034201 PMCID: PMC5634757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum fruits are used traditionally as a spice in various food preparations. The aim of this study was analysis of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial activity. The crude extract showed 86 ± 10% antifungal activity (Agar tube dilution method) against Trichophyton longifusis while n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous-methanol fractions inhibited this pathogen by 90 ± 7, 85 ± 10 and 70 ± 9% respectively. The n-hexane and aqueous-methanol fraction also, respectively, showed 40 ± 10 and 87 ± 9% inhibition of Microsporum canis. Chloroform fraction also displayed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (60 ± 10%) and aqueous-methanol fraction against F. solani (40 ± 8%). The crude ethanolic extract and its chloroform and aqueous-methanol fraction exhibited significant toxicity (Brine shrimps lethality assay) against brine shrimps having LC50 value of 6.66 ± 1.1, 21.4 ± 3.3 and 29.6 ± 3.9 μg/ml, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion exhibited good anti-leishmanial activity (well serial dilution method) each having IC50 values of 50 ± 5 μg/ml. The crude extract and various fractions possessed excellent herbicidal activity (Lemna minor assay), and caused more than 90% inhibition of the plant growth at 1000 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and chloroform soluble portions caused 90% mortality in insecticidal activity (direct contact method) of Rhyzopertha dominica. The ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion, respectively, caused 80 and 90% mortality of Callosobruchus analis. The present study showed that the tested fruit extracts of Z. armatum exhibited strong antifungal, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Najam Us Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Dai J, Li N, Wang J, Schneider U. Fruitful Decades for Canthin-6-ones from 1952 to 2015: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:493. [PMID: 27092482 PMCID: PMC6274392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, more than 60 natural canthin-6-one alkaloids and their structures are considered. The biosynthesis, efficient and classic synthetic approaches, and biological activities of canthin-6-one alkaloids, from 1952 to 2015, are discussed. From an analysis of their structural properties and an investigation of the literature, possible future trends for canthin-6-one alkaloids are proposed. The information reported will be helpful in future research on canthin-6-one alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Dai
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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15
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Hu L, Wang K, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang K, Zhang J, Luo Z, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. A New Megastigmane Sesquiterpenoid from Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. Molecules 2016; 21:383. [PMID: 27007360 PMCID: PMC6273384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. (Rutaceae), a dioecious shrub with hooked prickly branches, has been used as folk medicine for the treatment of the common cold, stomach ache, diarrhea, and jaundice in China, Korea, and Japan. In our phytochemical investigations on this genus, a new megastigmane sesquiterpenoid, which is referred to as schinifolenol A (1), was isolated from Z. schinifolium. The stereochemistry was characterized via the analyses of extensive spectra. The absolute configuration was established by the application of a modified Mosher’s experiment and assisted by a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) on calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Bioactivity screenings showed that compound 1 exhibited a safe hypotoxicity and a better selectivity on anti-Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhen Hu
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Kongchao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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16
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Wang CF, Fan L, Tian M, Du SS, Deng ZW, Feng JB, Wang YY, Su X. Cytotoxicity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. var. fastuosum How ex Huang. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1380-3. [PMID: 25647513 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1002090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate benzophenanthridine from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. var. fastuosum How ex Huang for the first time. Thirteen benzophenanthridines were isolated, and our results of the cytotoxic activities indicated that compound 6 exhibited the best potency against A549, Hela, SMMC-7721 and EJ, with the IC50 values of 27.50, 37.50, 16.95 and 60.42 μM, respectively. Compounds 7 and 11 also showed strong cytotoxicity when tested against the four human cancer cell lines (A549, Hela, SMMC-7721 and EJ), while only compounds 12 and 13 displayed cytotoxicity in inhibiting BALL-1 proliferation among all the compounds. These results suggested that benzophenanthridines may become a valid alternative of potential basis for new anti-proliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Wang
- a China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Xicheng District, Beijing 100088 , P.R. China
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17
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Feng S, Yang T, Li X, Chen L, Liu Z, Wei A. Genetic relationships of Chinese prickly ash as revealed by ISSR markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Insecticidal activities of bark, leaf and seed extracts of Zanthoxylum heitzii against the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Molecules 2014; 19:21276-90. [PMID: 25525826 PMCID: PMC6270729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olon tree, Zanthoxylum heitzii (syn. Fagara heitzii) is commonly found in the central-west African forests. In the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) its bark is anecdotally reported to provide human protection against fleas. Here we assess the insecticidal activities of Z. heitzii stem bark, seed and leaf extracts against Anopheles gambiae s.s, the main malaria vector in Africa. Extracts were obtained by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) using solvents of different polarity and by classical Soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. The insecticidal effects of the crude extracts were evaluated using topical applications of insecticides on mosquitoes of a susceptible reference strain (Kisumu [Kis]), a strain homozygous for the L1014F kdr mutation (kdrKis), and a strain homozygous for the G119S Ace1R allele (AcerKis). The insecticidal activities were measured using LD50 and LD95 and active extracts were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and HPLC chromatography. Results show that the ASE hexane stem bark extract was the most effective compound against An. gambiae (LD50 = 102 ng/mg female), but was not as effective as common synthetic insecticides. Overall, there was no significant difference between the responses of the three mosquito strains to Z. heitzii extracts, indicating no cross resistance with conventional pesticides.
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Dejos C, Voisin P, Bernard M, Régnacq M, Bergès T. Canthin-6-one displays antiproliferative activity and causes accumulation of cancer cells in the G2/M phase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2481-2487. [PMID: 25379743 DOI: 10.1021/np500516v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Canthinones are natural substances with a wide range of biological activities, including antipyretic, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial. Antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic effects of canthinones on cancer cells have also been described, although their mechanism of action remains ill defined. To gain better insight into this mechanism, the antiproliferative effect of a commercially available canthin-6-one (1) was examined dose-dependently on six cancer cell lines (human prostate, PC-3; human colon, HT-29; human lymphocyte, Jurkat; human cervix, HeLa; rat glioma, C6; and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NIH-3T3). Cytotoxic effects of 1 were investigated on the same cancer cell lines by procaspase-3 cleavage and on normal human skin fibroblasts. Strong antiproliferative effects of the compound were observed in all cell lines, whereas cytotoxic effects were very dependent on cell type. A better definition of the mechanism of action of 1 was obtained on PC-3 cells, by showing that it decreases BrdU incorporation into DNA by 60% to 80% and mitotic spindle formation by 70% and that it causes a 2-fold accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Together, the data suggest that the primary effect of canthin-6-one (1) is antiproliferative, possibly by interfering with the G2/M transition. Proapoptotic effects might result from this disturbance of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dejos
- Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires, CNRS ERL 7368, University of Poitiers , Poitiers, France
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants, part II: terpenoids, geographical distribution and drug discovery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review series, an attempt has been made to give indepth coverage of natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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Showalter HDH. Progress in the synthesis of canthine alkaloids and ring-truncated congeners. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:455-467. [PMID: 23311415 DOI: 10.1021/np300753z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The canthines represent a fairly large subclass of β-carboline alkaloids, with the first members described 75 years ago. Over the last 60 years, many members of the parent compound, canthin-6-one (1), have been isolated from various plant sources, principally the Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae families, and recently from fungi. Structures isolated from these sources have been the subject of total synthesis, which continues to the present day. This review gives a broad overview of synthetic approaches to canthines over a 30-year period from 1982 to 2012 and summarizes recent reports on the synthesis of less well known ring-truncated congeners. These include C-ring-truncated ("ABD", 2) and A-ring-truncated ("BCD", 3) ring systems, which are providing new scaffolds for potentially useful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Hollis Showalter
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA.
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Özkan M, Mutiso PBC, Nahar L, Liu P, Brown S, Wang W, Sarker SD. Zanthoxylum usambarense(Engl.) Kokwaro (Rutaceae) Extracts Inhibit the Growth of the Breast Cancer Cell Lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, But Not the Brain Tumour Cell Line U251In Vitro. Phytother Res 2012; 27:787-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Özkan
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; MA Building, Wulfruna Street; Wolverhampton; WV1 1LY; UK
| | - Patrick B. C. Mutiso
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nairobi Herbarium, University of Nairobi; 30197 00100; Nairobi; Kenya
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Leicester School of Pharmacy; De Montfort University; The Gateway; Leicester; LE1 9BH; UK
| | - Peng Liu
- Research Institute for Healthcare Research (RIHS); University of Wolverhampton; MA Building, Wulfruna Street; Wolverhampton; WV1 1LY; UK
| | - Sarah Brown
- Research Institute for Healthcare Research (RIHS); University of Wolverhampton; MA Building, Wulfruna Street; Wolverhampton; WV1 1LY; UK
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Research Institute for Healthcare Research (RIHS); University of Wolverhampton; MA Building, Wulfruna Street; Wolverhampton; WV1 1LY; UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; MA Building, Wulfruna Street; Wolverhampton; WV1 1LY; UK
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Ioannidou HA, Martin A, Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Three-step synthesis of Ethyl Canthinone-1-carboxylates from ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and a Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction [corrected]. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5113-22. [PMID: 21563779 DOI: 10.1021/jo200824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl canthin-6-one-1-carboxylate (1b) and nine analogues 1c-k were prepared from readily prepared ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (2b) via a three-step non-classical approach that focused on construction of the central pyrrole (ring B) using Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling. Furthermore, treatment of the ethyl canthinone-1-carboxylate 1b with NaOH in DCM/MeOH (9:1) gave the canthin-6-one-1-carboxylic acid (6) in high yield. All compounds are fully characterized.
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Fuchino H, Kawano M, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Satake M, Ishikawa T, Kiuchi F, Kawahara N. In vitro leishmanicidal activity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Bocconia pearcei and related compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1047-50. [PMID: 20686258 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmanicidal activities of benzophenanthridine alkaloids isolated from fruits of Bocconia pearcei and their derivatives were examined. Seven benzophenanthridine compounds were isolated from the methanolic extracts of B. pearcei. Among them, dihydrosanguinarine showed the most potent leishmanicidal activities (IC(50) value: 0.014 microg/ml, respectively). To examine the structure-activity relationship of the benzophenanthridine skeleton, the leishmanicidal activities for 32 synthetic samples were examined. The existence of bulky groups at the C(7)-C(8) position was found to enhance the activity. On the other hand, the bulkiness at the C(2)-C(3) position on the D-ring, a carbonyl group at C-6, substitution at C-6 and cleavage or saturation of the C(5)-C(6) bond reduced activity. A methyl group on nitrogen of the C-ring was thought to be necessary for significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Reynertson KA, Charlson ME, Gudas LJ. Induction of murine embryonic stem cell differentiation by medicinal plant extracts. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:82-93. [PMID: 20955699 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that diets high in fruits and vegetables provide a measure of cancer chemoprevention due to phytochemical constituents. Natural products are a rich source of cancer chemotherapy drugs, and primarily target rapidly cycling tumor cells. Increasing evidence indicates that many cancers contain small populations of resistant, stem-like cells that have the capacity to regenerate tumors following chemotherapy and radiation, and have been linked to the initiation of metastases. Our goal is to discover natural product-based clinical or dietary interventions that selectively target cancer stem cells, inducing differentiation. We adapted an alkaline phosphatase (AP) stain to assay plant extracts for the capacity to induce differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) cells. AP is a characteristic marker of undifferentiated ES cells, and this represents a novel approach to screening medicinal plant extracts. Following a survey of approximately 100 fractions obtained from 12 species of ethnomedically utilized plants, we found fractions from 3 species that induced differentiation, decreasing AP and transcript levels of pluripotency markers (Nanog, Oct-4, Rex-1). These fractions affected proliferation of murine ES, and human embryonal, prostate, and breast carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Several phytochemical constituents were isolated; the antioxidant phytochemicals ellagic acid and gallic acid were shown to affect viability of cultured breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Reynertson
- Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Anaya AL, Macías-Rubalcava M, Cruz-Ortega R, García-Santana C, Sánchez-Monterrubio PN, Hernández-Bautista BE, Mata R. Allelochemicals from Stauranthus perforatus, a Rutaceous tree of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:487-494. [PMID: 15694456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous leachates and a CHCl3-MeOH (1:1) extract of roots of Stauranthus perforatus showed a significant phytotoxic effect on Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crus-galli. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the active organic extract led to the isolation and characterization of ten secondary metabolites, which included two pyranocoumarins [xanthyletin (1) and 3-(1',1'-dimethylallyl)-xanthyletin (2)], four furanocoumarins [chalepensin (3), ammirin (4), chalepin (5) and 2'-isopropyl-psoralene (6)], two lignans [asarinin (7) and fargesin (8)], one sesquiterpene [4,5-epoxi-beta-caryophyllene (9)], and one alkamide [pellitorine (10)]. From these compounds, 2'-isopropyl-psoralene (6) or anhydromarmesin, is reported for the first time as a natural product, whereas compounds 4-10 are now reported as being present in S. perforatus. Metabolites 1, 3-5 and 10 caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of A. hypochondriacus and E. crus-galli. Furthermore, in a greenhouse experiment the decomposition of the leaves and roots in the soil had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of weeds. The allelopathic action of the decomposition of roots was evident up to the sixth week of the experiment. The effect of leaves was comparable to that of DPCA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), a commercial herbicide. Finally different concentrations of Stauranthus root powder were combined with maize kernels and used to feed corn weevil. The treatments resulted in high mortality of this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Anaya
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F.
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Abstract
This review covers beta-phenylethylamines and isoquinoline alkaloids derived from them, including further products of oxidation. condensation with formaldehyde and rearrangement, some of which do not contain an isoquinoline system, together with naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, which have a different biogenetic origin. The occurrence of the alkaloids, with the structures of new bases, together with their reactions, syntheses and biological activities are reported. The literature from July 2002 to June 2003 is reviewed, with 568 references cited.
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Matu EN, van Staden J. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:35-41. [PMID: 12787952 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous, hexane and methanol extracts of 12 plant species, traditionally used in Kenya for treatment of ailments of infectious and/or inflammatory nature were screened for in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion method while anti-inflammatory activity was tested using the cyclooxygenase (COX-1) assay. All the antibacterial activity was against Gram-positive bacteria with nine plant species showing some activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The highest activity was found in the methanol extracts of Maytenus senegalensis, Plectranthus barbatus, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Zanthoxylum usambarense and hexane extracts of Spiranthes mauritianum. All the plant species showed some anti-inflammatory activities. In most cases, methanol extracts caused higher inhibition than aqueous and hexane extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther N Matu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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