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Teixeira TM, Boeff DD, de Oliveira Carvalho L, Ritter MR, Konrath EL. The traditional use of native Brazilian plants for male sexual dysfunction: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116876. [PMID: 37437795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sexual dysfunction is a multifactorial health condition characterized by distressing disturbances in the sexual response and libido, leading to an inability to maintain penile erection and achieve pleasure. Considering the huge Brazilian biodiversity, many plants are traditionally used for aphrodisiac purposes. However, the use of native medicinal plants as sexual boosters in Brazil has been poorly studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focuses on the composition, pharmacology, and results of experimental trials of the main native plants used in Brazilian folk medicine with alleged aphrodisiac effects. We aimed to provide a state-of-the-art reference for research on herbs for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction by summarizing and discussing the main studies found. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information was collected by searching keywords (aphrodisiac, sexual tonic, sexual stimulant, sexual vigor stimulant, sexual impotency, erectile dysfunction, etc.) from books containing primary surveys conducted in the original communities and bibliographic surveys prepared by authors linked to the national academic and scientific environment edited in Brazil. Preclinical and clinical studies of the compiled plant species were performed using scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and SciFinder). RESULTS Seventy-four plant species belonging to 44 families used in Brazil to treat sexual dysfunction were compiled from ethnopharmacological literature. Fourteen plants, including Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl., Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellfeld ex de Souza, Mimosa pudica L., Heteropterys tomentosa A. Juss., Trichilia catigua A. Juss., and Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. were pharmacologically studied to confirm these therapeutic properties. Probable modes of action include antioxidant and androgenic activities, inhibition of the PDE5 enzyme, increase in NO levels, and activation of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. In addition, several different species popularly known as "catuaba" were identified, leading to adulterations and controversial effects. CONCLUSION The overall results of the present review of Brazilian folk literature reveal that Brazil has a long tradition of using plants with potential aphrodisiac effects. However, further research is required to identify, characterize, and standardize the active ingredients and herbal preparations used in aphrodisiacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tárik Matthes Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Mara Rejane Ritter
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
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Gahtori R, Tripathi AH, Kumari A, Negi N, Paliwal A, Tripathi P, Joshi P, Rai RC, Upadhyay SK. Anticancer plant-derivatives: deciphering their oncopreventive and therapeutic potential in molecular terms. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the years, phytomedicines have been widely used as natural modalities for the treatment and prevention of various diseases by different ethnic groups across the globe. Although, 25% of drugs in the USA contain at least one plant-derived therapeutic compound, currently there is a paucity of plant-derived active medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientific evidence-based translation of plant-derived ethnomedicines for their clinical application is an urgent need. The anticancer and associated properties (antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition) of various plant extracts and phytochemicals have been elucidated earlier. Several of the plant derivatives are already in use under prophylactic/therapeutic settings against cancer and many are being investigated under different phases of clinical trials.
Main body
The purpose of this study is to systematically comprehend the progress made in the area of prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the anticancerous plant derivatives. Besides, we aim to understand their anticancer potential in terms of specific sub-phenomena, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and inhibition of EMT, with an insight of the molecules/pathways associated with them. The study also provides details of classes of anticancer compounds, their plant source(s) and the molecular pathway(s) targeted by them. In addition to the antioxidative and antiproliferative potentials of anticancer plant derivatives, this study emphasizes on their EMT-inhibition potential and other ‘anticancer related’ properties. The EMT is highlighted as a phenomenon of choice for targeting cancer due to its role in the induction of metastasis and drug resistance. Different phytochemicals in pre-clinical or clinical trials, with promising chemopreventive/anticancer activities have been enlisted and the plant compounds showing synergistic anticancer activity in combination with the existing drugs have been discussed. The review also unravels the need of carrying out pan-signalome studies for identifying the cardinal pathways modulated by phytomedicine(s), as in many cases, the molecular pathway(s) has/have been randomly studied.
Conclusion
This review systematically compiles the studies regarding the impact of various plant derivatives in different cancers and oncogenic processes, as tested in diverse experimental model systems. Availability of more comprehensive information on anticancer phyto-constituents, their relative abundance in crude drugs, pathways/molecules targeted by phytomedicines, their long-term toxicity data and information regarding their safe use under the combinatorial settings, would open greater avenues of their utilization in future against this dreaded disease.
Graphical Abstract
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Chang X, Dong M, Mi X, Hu M, Lu J, Chen X. The Protective Effect of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. on DEHP-Induced Reproductive System Damage in Male Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832789. [PMID: 35185586 PMCID: PMC8853101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the protective effect and molecular mechanisms of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. extract (TCE) against di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced damage to the reproductive system of mice. Acute toxicity tests revealed that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in mice was up to 2.7 g kg−1. After induction with DEHP, TCE (L-TCE, M-TCE, H-TCE) was orally administered to mice for 28 days. Differences in indicators among groups showed that TCE significantly improved the anogenital distance and the organ indexes of the epididymides and testes. It also significantly reduced varicocele and interstitial cell lesions compared to the model group. H-TCE reduced the sperm abnormality rate, increased the levels of sex hormones, Na+K+ and Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase enzyme activity, antioxidant enzyme vitality, coupled with a significant decrease in LH and MDA contents. The levels of testicular marker enzymes ACP and LDH were significantly augmented by both M-TCE and H-TCE. Further studies claimed that DEHP induction reduced the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, SOD2, SOD3, CDC25C CDK1, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, 5ɑ-R, AR, SF1, and CYP17A1, increased the level of Keap1, while TCE reversed the expression levels of these genes. Meanwhile, IHC results demonstrated a significant change in the expression activity of the relevant proteins compared to the control group. The results suggest that M-TCE and H-TCE enabled the recovery of DEHP-induced reproductive system damage in male mice by improving testicular histopathology, repairing testicular function, and reducing oxidative stress damage. The oxidation-related Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, SODs enzyme, the cell cycle control-related CDC25C-CDK1 pathway, and the steroidogenic-related pathway may contribute to this protective effects of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Lu
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Juan Lu,
| | - Xi Chen
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Juan Lu,
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Ferrini MG, Abraham A, Graciano L, Nguyen S, Mills JN, Rajfer J. Activation of the iNOS/NO/cGMP pathway by Revactin® in human corporal smooth muscle cells. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2889-2898. [PMID: 34430391 PMCID: PMC8350259 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of the nutraceuticals, Paullinia cupana, ginger rhizome, muira puama, and the amino acid L-citrulline (COMP-4) has been shown to stimulate the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and cGMP in rat corpora cavernosa smooth muscle cells (CSMC). When administered to middle-aged rats, long-term treatment with COMP-4 resulted in both an increase in the number of CSMC and an improvement in erectile function. We, therefore, aimed to determine whether a commercial formulation of COMP-4, Revactin®, could have a similar stimulatory effect on human CSMC. Methods Primary human CSMC cultures (HCSMC) were grown and incubated with Revactin® for up to 24 hours. cGMP generation and nitrite formation were determined by ELISA and Griess reaction, respectively. IBMX (1 mM), sildenafil (0.4 mM), and L-NIL (4 µM) were utilized as modulators of the NO-cGMP pathway. iNOS, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expressions were determined by Western blot. Results Revactin® up-regulated both nitrite formation and cGMP expression, achieving the highest expression at 24 hours in the HCSMC. These effects were completely blocked by L-NIL. Revactin® up-regulated iNOS expression, but not that of eNOS or nNOS. Conclusions The results presented in this study confirmed that Revactin® activated the iNOS-NO-cGMP pathway intracellularly in HCSMC. It still needs to be determined whether the upregulation of this pathway would be an effective approach for counteracting the fibrosis and apoptosis of the corporal smooth muscle cells associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leslie Graciano
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Marques LLM, Ferreira EDF, Paula MND, Klein T, Mello JCPD. Paullinia cupana: a multipurpose plant – a review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gholamnezhad Z, Ghorani V, Saadat S, Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. The effects of medicinal plants on muscarinic receptors in various types of smooth muscle. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2340-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaciutical Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center; North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences; Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Ferrini MG, Garcia E, Abraham A, Artaza JN, Nguyen S, Rajfer J. Effect of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l- citrulline, singly or in combination, on modulation of the inducible nitric oxide- NO-cGMP pathway in rat penile smooth muscle cells. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:81-86. [PMID: 29551532 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COMP-4 is a natural compound-based dietary supplement consisting of the combination of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l-citrulline, which when given long-term has been shown in the aged rat to a) upregulate iNOS in the penile smooth muscle cells (SMC), b) reverse the corporal SMC apoptosis and fibrosis associated with corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), and c) improve resulting erectile function. To elucidate the mechanism of how COMP-4 and its individual components modulate the iNOS-cGMP pathway, an in vitro study was conducted using a rat corporal primary SMC culture to determine its effect on NOS, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), cGMP and the phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme (PDE5). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary SMC cultures using the explant technique were initiated by cutting small pieces of corporal tissue from 8 week old Sprague-Dawley rats. The SMC were grown in Dulbecco media with 20% fetal calf serum. The SMC were then incubated with or without COMP-4 (0.69 mg/ml) or its ingredients alone (ginger: 0.225 mg/ml; muira puama, Paullinia cupana and l-citrulline each at 0.9 mg/ml) for up to 24 h mRNA and protein were extracted and used for the determination of NOS, sGC and PDE5 content. cGMP content was determined by ELISA. L-NIL (4 μM) was used as an inhibitor of iNOS activity. RESULTS Compared to the control values, COMP-4 upregulated expression of cGMP by 85%, induced a 42 fold increase in sGC as well as a 15 fold increase in both iNOS protein and mRNA content while it decreased both PDE5 mRNA and protein content each by about 50%. L-NIL completely inhibited the effect of COMP-4 on cGMP production. When compared with each of the individual four components of COMP-4, it appears that COMP-4 itself had the most profound effect in modulating each one the specific steps within the iNOS-cGMP pathway. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study demonstrates that COMP-4 is capable of activating the endogenous cellular iNOS-cGMP pathway within the CSM cells, which is theorized to be responsible for reducing the fibrosis and apoptosis as well as the CVOD observed in the aging rat penis. Further studies will be necessary in order to determine whether supplementation of COMP-4 on a daily basis may be beneficial in halting or reversing this aging related erectile dysfunction in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sereia AL, Longhini R, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Capillary Electrophoresis as Tool for Diastereomeric Separation in a Trichilia catigua Fraction. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:144-150. [PMID: 27910216 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tree Trichilia catigua, popularly known as "catuaba", shows several biological activities and has emerged as a potential source of new drugs. Considering that more than 10 species are known under the same popular name, regulatory agencies require more rigorous quality control of this medicinal plant. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a methodology using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV) detection for analysing polyphenols in the ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of Trichilia catigua. METHODOLOGY Different electrophoretic conditions (such as wavelength of UV detection, voltage, buffer concentration and pH, cyclodextrin type and concentration) were investigated. After optimisation, borate buffer 80 mmol/L at pH 8.80 with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 10 mmol/L was selected as background electrolyte. A voltage reduction was used to improve the separation of a diastereomeric pair of cinchonains. RESULTS The method proved to be simple, sensitive, accurate, linear, precise and reproducible. For the first time in natural products analysis, a voltage reduction and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were used to improve the separation of diastereomeric pairs. Until now, this is the only described methodology able to separate catechin, epicatechin, cinchonains Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb from Trichilia catigua samples on the same run in less than 12 min. When compared to the high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection (HPLC-PDA) method previously developed by our research group, the CE method was more efficient, faster, less expensive and less polluting. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that this method could be employed in a quality-control laboratory for the quantification of polyphenols in EAF of Trichilia catigua. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Sereia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR. Avenida Colombo, 5790, BR-87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata Longhini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR. Avenida Colombo, 5790, BR-87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisely Cristiny Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR. Avenida Colombo, 5790, BR-87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR. Avenida Colombo, 5790, BR-87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Longhini R, Lonni AA, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, Mello JCPD. Trichilia catigua : therapeutic and cosmetic values. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Truiti MT, Soares L, Longhini R, Milani H, Nakamura CV, Mello JCP, de Oliveira RMW. Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate fraction protects against cognitive impairments and hippocampal cell death induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:232-237. [PMID: 26099636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichilia catigua preparations have antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective activity. Recently, a neuroprotective role for T. catigua was proposed using an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion in rat hippocampal slices. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of T. catigua, which has potent antioxidant activity, in mice subjected to an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Swiss mice were subject to the bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCAO) model of cerebral ischemia. The animals were orally administered the T. catigua EAF (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg) 30 min before and once per day for 7 days after BCCAO. Histological and behavioral outcomes were assessed using Nissl staining and the Morris water maze test of cognition, respectively. RESULTS Mice that were subjected to BCCAO exhibited cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze. The spatial cognitive deficits were counteracted by T. catigua EAF administration (200-800 mg/kg). The T. catigua EAF significantly increased the number of intact-appearing Nissl-stained cells in the hippocampus in BCCAO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the T. catigua EAF promoted functional recovery, decreased the delayed hippocampal cell loss, and mitigated the ongoing neurodegenerative processes induced by BCCAO in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Torrado Truiti
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - LígiaMendes Soares
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata Longhini
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
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Ferrini MG, Hlaing SM, Chan A, Artaza JN. Treatment with a combination of ginger, L-citrulline, muira puama and Paullinia cupana can reverse the progression of corporal smooth muscle loss, fibrosis and veno-occlusive dysfunction in the aging rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4. [PMID: 26405615 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aging associated erectile dysfunction is characterized within the corpora by a progressive apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells and their replacement by collagen. Nitric oxide from iNOS has been shown to inhibit these histological changes in the corpora while PDE5 inhibitors as well as certain nutraceuticals such as ginger, paullinia cupana, muira puama and L-citrulline are known to enhance the effects of NO. We evaluated whether the daily oral administration for 2 months with a combination of ginger, paullinia cupana, muira puama and L-citrulline (COMP-4) can effectively delay the ongoing corporal fibrosis, smooth muscle cell apoptosis and cavernosal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) seen in middle aged rats similar to that seen with tadalafil. METHODS 10 Month old Fisher 344 rats were treated or not for two months with COMP-4, tadalafil or a combination of tadalafil plus COMP-4. CVOD was determined by dynamic infusion cavernosometry. Penile sections of the corpora cavernosa were subjected to Masson trichrome staining to evaluate fibrosis and immunohistochemistry for desmin as a marker of smooth muscle content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) followed by image analysis. Oxidative stress levels were determined by GSH/GSSG ratio in whole blood. RESULTS a decline in the non-treated rat's erectile function is evident by 10-12 months of age and is accompanied by a decrease in the corporal smooth muscle content determined by desmin expression and an increase in corporal fibrosis. The daily treatment for two months with COMP-4 reverses this process by reducing systemic oxidative stress and increasing desmin and iNOS expression, similar to that seen with tadalafil or the combination of COMP-4 plus tadalafil. CONCLUSION An oral combination of ginger, muira puama, Paullinia cupana and L-citrulline seems to be as effective as daily PDE5 inhibitor therapy in either delaying or reversing the onset of the histological and functional characteristics of aging related erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059; Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Su M Hlaing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Andre Chan
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059; Department of Health and Life Sciences, College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059
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Pavan V, Mucignat-Caretta C, Redaelli M, Ribaudo G, Zagotto G. The Old Made New: Natural Compounds against Erectile Dysfunction. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:607-14. [PMID: 25974223 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The interest toward sex-related diseases keeps growing through the years. In this review, we focus our attention on erectile dysfunction (ED), a condition that caught much attention especially after the introduction on the market of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as the well-known sildenafil. Here, we briefly describe both the etiology of ED and the available treatments, examining then extensively some natural derivatives that, coming from traditional medicine, could represent promising starting points for the development of alternative remedies. In fact, herbal remedies from several parts of the world have been traditionally known for long, and were recently reconsidered and are now being studied to demonstrate their eventual potential in the treatment of ED. Among the various examples reported in the literature and reviewed here, plants and extracts containing polyphenols—especially a class of compounds called kraussianones—appear to be particularly effective and promising against ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Redaelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Schimpl FC, da Silva JF, Gonçalves JFDC, Mazzafera P. Guarana: revisiting a highly caffeinated plant from the Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:14-31. [PMID: 23981847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) has been traditionally consumed by indigenous communities of the Amazon region. It is valued mainly for its stimulant property because of its high content of caffeine, which can be up to 6% in the seeds. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to revisit this typically Brazilian plant, addressing economic considerations, the chemical makeup of the seeds and pharmacological properties so far investigated. RESULTS Guarana is primarily produced in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Bahia, and approximately 70% of the production is used by the industry of soft and energy drinks. The other 30% becomes guarana powder for direct consumption in capsules or dilution in water, or it serves as a raw material for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In addition to its stimulant property, guarana has other therapeutic properties, which have aroused the interest of the scientific community. CONCLUSION This review shows that other guarana properties may be explored and how scarce are the studies regarding agronomic, plant pathology, physiology and breeding. So far, caffeine has been the main reason to study guarana and still will lead the researches because the demand for this alkaloid by food and pharmaceutical industry, and a strongly growing market related with beauty products. However, guarana has other components and there is great interest in studies designed to elucidate the effects of guarana's bioactive components and their potential pharmacological applications. Significant part of the guarana production in Brazil still comes from Indians tribes in the Amazon State, and any improvement in this plant, in any aspect, may propitiate a positive economic impact in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Camila Schimpl
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP9109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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Longhini R, Klein T, Luciano Bruschi M, da Silva WV, Rodrigues J, Lopes NP, de Mello JCP. Development and validation studies for determination of phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols in semipurified extract of Trichilia catigua
by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1247-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Longhini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Department of Pharmacy; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Traudi Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Department of Pharmacy; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Department of Pharmacy; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Department of Pharmacy; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Department of Physico-Chemistry; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Department of Pharmacy; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
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Bittencourt L, Machado D, Machado M, Dos Santos G, Algarve T, Marinowic D, Ribeiro E, Soares F, Barbisan F, Athayde M, Cruz I. The protective effects of guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana) on fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells exposed to sodium nitroprusside. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Catuaba (Trichilia catigua) Prevents Against Oxidative Damage Induced by In Vitro Ischemia–Reperfusion in Rat Hippocampal Slices. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2826-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Spanemberg JC, Cherubini K, de Figueiredo MAZ, Gomes APN, Campos MM, Salum FG. Effect of an herbal compound for treatment of burning mouth syndrome: randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113:373-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JCP, de Oliveira RMW. Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on the central nervous system of mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1143-1148. [PMID: 21801825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichilia catigua preparations have been popularly used in Brazil as a tonic for the treatment of fatigue, stress, impotence, and deficiency of memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible antidepressant, anxiolytic, motor and cognitive effects of the crude extract (CE) or ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of Trichilia catigua. Analyses of the total phenolics and total tannins content, as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity of CE and EAF were also performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS CE (200-800 mg/kg) and EAF (100-400mg/kg) were orally administered to mice and 1h later the behavioral tests were performed. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. RESULTS Single administration of CE (200-400 mg/kg) or EAF (100-400 mg/kg) did not change the behavior of the animals submitted to the elevated plus maze or their locomotor activity in the open field test. An antidepressant-like effect was detected with EAF (400 mg/kg) after acute administration. Both CE (800 mg/kg) and EAF (200 and 400 mg/kg), improve memory in mice as measured by an increased latency in the step-down inhibitory avoidance test. The EAF presented higher total phenolics and total tannins as compared to CE as well as it exhibited the best antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS The present results showed an in vitro antioxidant activity for EAF and suggested that it may be useful for cognitive improvement. It is possible that both functional and chemical activities are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaine M Chassot
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Av Colombo n 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Melnyk JP, Marcone MF. Aphrodisiacs from plant and animal sources—A review of current scientific literature. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive Activity of Trichilia catigua Hydroalcoholic Extract: New Evidence on Its Dopaminergic Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:120820. [PMID: 19815648 PMCID: PMC3095233 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichilia catigua is a native plant of Brazil; its barks are used by some local pharmaceutical companies to prepare tonic drinks, such as Catuama. The present study was addressed to evaluate the effects of T. catigua hydroalcoholic extract in mouse nociception behavioral models, and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. Male Swiss mice were submitted to hot-plate, writhing and von Frey tests, after oral treatment with T. catigua extract (200 mg kg−1, p.o.). The extract displayed antinociceptive effect in all three models. For characterization of the mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive action of the extract, the following pharmacological treatments were done: naloxone (2.5 mg kg−1, s.c.), SR141716A (10 mg kg−1, i.p.), SCH23390 (15 μg kg−1, i.p.), sulpiride (50 mg kg−1, i.p.), prazosin (1 mg kg−1, i.p.), bicuculline (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) or dl-p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA, 100 mg kg−1, i.p.). In these experiments, the action of T. catigua extract was evaluated in the hot-plate test. The treatment with SCH23390 completely prevented the antinociceptive effect, while naloxone partially prevented it. The possible involvement of the dopaminergic system in the actions of T. catigua extract was substantiated by data showing the potentiation of apomorphine-induced hypothermia and by the prevention of haloperidol-induced catalepsy. In conclusion, the antinociceptive effects of T. catigua extract seem to be mainly associated with the activation of dopaminergic system and, to a lesser extent, through interaction with opioid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Viana
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Daolio C, Beltrame FL, Ferreira AG, Cass QB, Cortez DAG, Ferreira MMC. Classification of commercial Catuaba samples by NMR, HPLC and chemometrics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:218-28. [PMID: 17890569 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For over a century, Catuaba has been used in Brazilian folk medicine as an aphrodisiac even though the identity of the plant material employed is often uncertain. The species recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopeia is Anemopaegma arvense (Bignoniaceae), but many other plants, regionally known as Catuaba, are commercialised. Frequently, the quality control of such a complex system is based on chemical markers that do not supply a general idea of the system. With the advent of the metabolomics approach, a global analysis of samples becomes possible. It appears that (1)H-NMR is the most useful method for such application, since it can be used as a wide-spectrum chemical analysis technique. Unfortunately, the generated spectra is complex so a possible approach is to look at the metabolite profile as a whole using multivariate methods, for example, by application of principal component analysis (PCA). In the present paper, we describe for the first time a proton high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-HR-MAS NMR) method coupled with PCA for the metabolomic analysis of some commercial Catuaba samples, which provided a reduction in the time required for such analysis. A comparative study of HPLC, HR-MAS and liquid-NMR techniques is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Daolio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis Km 235, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.
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24
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Quintão NLM, Ferreira J, Beirith A, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Evaluation of the effects of the herbal product Catuama in inflammatory and neuropathic models of nociception in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:245-52. [PMID: 17482443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the antinociceptive effects of the herbal drug Catuama in rat inflammatory and neuropathic models of pain, in order to assess some of the mechanisms involved in its actions. Catuama given orally, in both acute and chronic schedules of treatment, consistently inhibited the mechanical allodynia induced by the intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The same treatment with Catuama failed to significantly affect CFA-caused thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, Catuama did not significantly modify the mechanical allodynia or hyperalgesia observed following the partial ligation of the sciatic nerve or the diabetic polyneuropathy, respectively. In another series of experiments, Catuama caused a striking reduction of the mechanical allodynia induced by LPS. Oral treatment with Catuama was not, however, effective in altering the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1beta, TNFalpha, PGE(2) or LTB(4) following i.pl. administration of LPS in the rat paw. Of high interest, the antinociceptive effects of Catuama in the LPS model were reversed significantly by the non-selective dopamine antagonist haloperidol, but not by serotonin methysergide or adrenergic yohimbine receptor antagonists. Our results indicate that the herbal drug Catuama diminishes inflammatory, but not neuropathic, nociceptive responses in rats, by mechanisms involving an interference with dopaminergic pathways. Catuama might represent a potential therapeutic tool for the management of persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L M Quintão
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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25
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Angelo PCS, Nunes-Silva CG, Brígido MM, Azevedo JSN, Assunção EN, Sousa ARB, Patrício FJB, Rego MM, Peixoto JCC, Oliveira WP, Freitas DV, Almeida ERP, Viana AMHA, Souza AFPN, Andrade EV, Acosta POA, Batista JS, Walter MEMT, Leomil L, Anjos DAS, Coimbra RCM, Barbosa MHN, Honda E, Pereira SS, Silva A, Pereira JO, Silva ML, Marins M, Holanda FJ, Abreu RMM, Pando SC, Gonçalves JFC, Carvalho ML, Leal-Mesquita ERRBP, da Silveira MA, Batista WC, Atroch AL, França SC, Porto JIR, Schneider MPC, Astolfi-Filho S. Guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis), an anciently consumed stimulant from the Amazon rain forest: the seeded-fruit transcriptome. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:117-124. [PMID: 17917729 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) is a plant native to the central Amazon basin. Roasted seed extracts have been used as medicinal beverages since pre-Colombian times, due to their reputation as stimulants, aphrodisiacs, tonics, as well as protectors of the gastrointestinal tract. Guarana plants are commercially cultivated exclusively in Brazil to supply the national carbonated soft-drink industry and natural product stores around the world. In this report, we describe and discuss the annotation of 15,387 ESTs from guarana seeded-fruits, highlighting sequences from the flavonoid and purine alkaloid pathways, and those related to biotic stress avoidance. This is the largest set of sequences registered for the Sapindaceae family.
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26
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Pontieri V, Neto AS, de França Camargo AF, Koike MK, Velasco IT. The herbal drug Catuama reverts and prevents ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rabbit heart. J Electrocardiol 2007; 40:534.e1-8. [PMID: 17888942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Catuama, an herbal drug very popular in Brazil, was tested on the reversion and prevention of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the isolated rabbit heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Catuama (a mixture of Trichilia catigua, Paullinia cupana, Ptychopetalum olacoides, and Zinziber officinalis) was perfused in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Its effects on intraventricular conduction, heart rate, and monophasic action potential (MAP) duration were evaluated, and sustained VF was induced. The effects on reversion and reinduction of arrhythmia were observed, and new measures were taken in the hearts that reverted. RESULTS Catuama and T catigua reverted VF in all hearts, prevented reinduction, and prolonged intraventricular conduction. Catuama prolonged MAP phase 2. On the other hand, P cupana reverted VF in 3 of 5 hearts, but depressed automatism, prolonged MAP phase 3, and did not prevent reinduction. DISCUSSION Catuama reverted and prevented VF in this model. T catigua extract is probably the main agent responsible for the beneficial actions observed. Further studies are now in progress to clarify these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pontieri
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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de Freitas DV, Carvalho CR, Filho FJDN, Astolfi-Filho S. Karyotype with 210 chromosomes in guaraná (Paullinia cupana 'Sorbilis'). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2007; 120:399-404. [PMID: 17387431 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-007-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Paullinia includes the economically important P. cupana, known as guaraná in Brazil and more recently in the world market. Native Americans of the Maué and Andirá tribes cultivated P. cupana 'Sorbilis' in central Amazon, and the Barés cultivated the 'Typica' variety in the upper Negro River (Brazil). Cytological studies in the Sapindaceae family have concentrated on the diversity in number (from 2n = 14 to 96) and size of the chromosomes. In Paullinia, seven species have been karyotyped and all show 2n = 24. Meristem maceration, cellular dissociation and air-drying techniques were used for cytogenetic preparations and DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. Chromosome characterization and DNA content of Paullinia cupana Kunth 'Sorbilis' (Mart.) Ducke (Sapindaceae) were studied. The high chromosome number (2n = 210) fall into two cytomorphological groups: (a) a metacentric and submetacentric group showing 25 sets of three pairs of chromosomes (2-76); (b) a group containing only acrocentric showing 12 sets of two pairs of chromosomes (82-105), a homologous submetacentric pair (1) and an acrocentric pair (81). Mean nuclear DNA content of guaraná was 2C = 22.8 pg. A karyogram was set up showing a high chromosome number complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danival Vieira de Freitas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Tecnologia de DNA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Mendes FR, Carlini EA. Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:493-500. [PMID: 17030478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In a survey, from Brazilian books, we searched plants that are in popular use for purposes resembling those of an adaptogen. This study focused on 24 books by authors from diverse regions in the country, resulting in a total of 1317 citations of uses related to a possible adaptogen effect from approximately 766 plants. Only species native to Brazil, cited in at least four books, were selected, resulting a total of 33 species, belonging to 24 families. Of these, four species have been studied previously in relation to effects that are considered as part of an adaptogen effect (anti-stress, memory enhancement, increased physical and/or sexual performance): Heteropterys aphrodisiaca (Malpighiaceae), Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), Ptychopetalum olacoides (Olacaceae), and Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae). Three others--Pfaffia glomerata, Pfaffia paniculata (Amaranthaceae), and Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae)--have also been the object of pharmacological studies that support their use as a possible adaptogen, but they are listed in less than four books. The overall results obtained in the present review of Brazilian folk literature reveals that Brazil is rich in plants with potential adaptogen-like effect, but lacks pharmacological studies (mostly clinical ones) to confirm these therapeutic properties.
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Fukumasu H, da Silva TC, Avanzo JL, de Lima CE, Mackowiak II, Atroch A, de Souza Spinosa H, Moreno FS, Dagli MLZ. Chemopreventive effects of Paullinia cupana Mart var. sorbilis, the guaraná, on mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2006; 233:158-64. [PMID: 15885883 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 03/05/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) is originally from Amazon, Brazil. Its effects on mouse hepatocarcinogenesis have been investigated in this study. Mice were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), received three different doses of P. cupana added to commercial food, and euthanized after 25 weeks. Gross lesions were quantified, and preneoplastic lesions (PNL) were histologically measured. Cellular proliferation was evaluated by immunobloting for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The incidence and multiplicity of macroscopic lesions were reduced. The PNL number and PCNA expression were reduced in the highest P. cupana dose. According to these results, guaraná presented inhibitory effects on DEN hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fukumasu H, Avanzo JL, Heidor R, Silva TC, Atroch A, Moreno FS, Dagli MLZ. Protective effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis) against DEN-induced DNA damage on mouse liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:862-7. [PMID: 16406177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis) is a plant originally from Brazil, which is rich in tannins. Some tannins are known to present protective effects against DNA damage. This study was performed to investigate the anti-genotoxic/cytotoxic properties of guarana in hepatocytes of mice injected with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN). The protective effect of guarana was evaluated both by comet assay and DNA smear fragmentation technique in two month-old female BALB/c mice. These were treated previously with 2.0 mg/g bw of guarana for 16 days and then injected with DEN (160 microg/g body weight) to induce DNA damage. The DEN-only treated group presented higher comet image length than the guarana plus DEN and untreated groups (116.06+/-5.0 microm, 104.09+/-3.3 microm and 93.28+/-14.4 microm, respectively; p<0.01). Guarana treatment presented a 52.54% reduction in comet image length when animals were exposed to DEN (p<0.05). DNA samples from the guarana plus DEN group clearly showed less EtBr fluorescence intensity when compared to the DEN-only group, reinforcing the comet assay data. These results show, for the first time, that guarana has a protective effect against DEN-induced DNA damage in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Beltrame FL, Filho ER, Barros FAP, Cortez DA, Cass QB. A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of Trichilia catigua used as Catuaba. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1119:257-63. [PMID: 16360665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract, prepared from authentic chopped barks of Trichilia catigua, was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography using a diode array detector (200-400 mn). The crude extract was purified by rotation locular counter-current chromatography and the chloroform fraction obtained was clean-up by solid-phase extraction. With the aim of getting preliminary structure information on-line, the methanol fraction thus obtained was analyzed by gradient elution using the diode array detector coupled to a mass spectrometer. The presence of flavalignan in this extract was inferred by the chromatographic band, in the total ion current trace, that had an [M-H](-) = 451. With this information, cinchonain Ib was isolated as a pure compound from the crude hydroalcoholic extract using a solid-phase extraction procedure for the sample clean-up followed by a semi-preparative separation using the reverse mode of elution. The isolated compound, after complete characterization, was used as an external standard for the development and validation of a method for the analysis of this compound in herbal medicines using the ultraviolet as the detector. The validated method has been successfully applied for quantification of cinchonain Ib in commercialized herbal medicines sold as Catuaba in Brazil and also in standard chopped barks of T. catigua.
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Campos MM, Fernandes ES, Ferreira J, Santos ARS, Calixto JB. Antidepressant-like effects of Trichilia catigua (Catuaba) extract: evidence for dopaminergic-mediated mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 182:45-53. [PMID: 15991001 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Currently available therapy for depression treatment is often associated with several undesirable side effects, and it is effective only in a certain portion of the population. Therefore, the identification of alternative therapeutic tools for the treatment of depression is still needed. OBJECTIVE The present study analyzed the possible antidepressant-like effects of the Brazilian medicinal plant, Trichilia catigua, in rodents. Attempts were also made to investigate some of the possible mechanisms implicated in its actions. METHODS The antidepressant-like effects of T. catigua extract were assessed in two species of rodents (mice and rats) by means of in vivo (forced swimming test) and in vitro (monoamine reuptake and release in synaptosomal preparations) approaches. RESULTS Acute oral treatment with the extract of T. catigua produced antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming model in both mice and rats. Anti-immobility actions of T. catigua extract in mice were significantly reversed by haloperidol or by chlorpromazine, but not by pimozide, ketanserin, spiroxatrine or p-chlorophenylalanine. In vitro, T. catigua extract concentration-dependently inhibited the uptake and increased the release of serotonin, and especially of dopamine, from rat brain synaptosomal preparations. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence for a dopamine-mediated antidepressant-like effect of the active principle(s) present in the hydroalcoholic extract of T. catigua in mice and rats when in vivo and in vitro strategies were employed. Therefore, a standardized T. catigua extract or its purified constituents could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88049-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Calixto JB. Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America: a personal view. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:131-4. [PMID: 16006081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this short article, I have discussed (on the base of the Web of Science data base search), the expressive progress of Latin American scientific production in peer review journals in the field of plants over the last 25 years. In addition, some effort has been made towards discussing the relevance of medicinal plants for the development of standardized phytomedicines with proof of quality, safety and efficacy, and a few examples of success have been briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Oliveira CH, Moraes MEA, Moraes MO, Bezerra FAF, Abib E, De Nucci G. Clinical toxicology study of an herbal medicinal extract of Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides and Zingiber officinale (Catuama) in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2005; 19:54-7. [PMID: 15798997 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, a herbal medicinal extract named Catuama containing a mixture of Paullinia cupana (guarana; Sapindaceae), Trichilia catigua (catuaba; Meliaceae), Ptychopetalum olacoides (muirapuama; Olacaceae) and Zingiber officinale (ginger; Zingiberaceae) is used as a body stimulant, energetic, tonic and aphrodisiac. The present study investigated the chronic administration of 25 mL Catuama twice a day during 28 days for any toxic effect on healthy human volunteers of both sexes. No severe adverse reactions or haematological and biochemical changes were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H Oliveira
- Miguel Servet Clinical Pharmacology Unit, 415 Jesuíno Marcondes Machado Avenue, Campinas, SP 13092-320, Brazil.
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Campos MM, Fernandes ES, Ferreira J, Bortolanza LB, Santos ARS, Calixto JB. Pharmacological and neurochemical evidence for antidepressant-like effects of the herbal product Catuama. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 78:757-64. [PMID: 15301932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Catuama is a marketed herbal product currently used as a tonic, especially for the management of mental or physical fatigue. In the present study, we have shown pharmacological and neurochemical evidence for antidepressant-like actions of the product Catuama. Acute and chronic oral treatments with Catuama both resulted in a significant reduction of the immobility time in two models of depression in mice, the forced swimming and the tail suspension tests. Conversely, treatment with the same doses of Catuama did not significantly interfere with motor activity according to assessment in the open-field test. The antidepressant-like effects were comparable to those observed for classical antidepressant drugs. When assessed in vitro, Catuama inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline and principally of serotonin and dopamine, in rat brain. Likewise, in vitro incubation of Catuama also resulted in a marked increase of the release of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain crude preparation of synaptosomal membranes. Finally, Catuama was found to be effective in interfering with the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin and dopamine following long-term oral treatment of rats. The present findings allow us to suggest that the herbal product Catuama might be useful for the clinical management of moderate and mild depressive states, alone or in association with current antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Ferreira Lima, 82, 88015-420, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Barbosa NR, Fischmann L, Talib LL, Gattaz WF. Inhibition of platelet phospholipase A2 activity by catuaba extract suggests antiin?ammatory properties. Phytother Res 2004; 18:942-4. [PMID: 15597313 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the inflammation process, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyses the cleavage of the sn-2 ester-linked fatty acids from phospholipids, being the enzyme responsible for arachidonic acid (AA) release by cells for the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins and thromboxanes via the cyclooxygenase system, and the leukotrienes and eicosatetraenoids via the lipoxygenase pathway. AA mobilization by PLA2 and subsequent prostaglandins synthesis is considered to be a pivotal event in inflammation. Therefore, drugs that inhibit PLA2, thus blocking the COX and LOX pathways in the AA cascade, may be effective in the treatment of inflammatory processes. New strategies for the treatment of inflammatory processes could be detected by a search for active principles of vegetal origin that control the lipid mediator production by inhibition of PLA2. The present data are part of a wide explorative investigation on the effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba), which found that PLA2 activity was totally inhibited by catuaba at a concentration of 120 microg/mL, suggesting that this natural substance may have antiinflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia R Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Drewes SE, George J, Khan F. Recent findings on natural products with erectile-dysfunction activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:1019-1025. [PMID: 12591255 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Viagra has had a profound influence on the search for natural products with erectile-dysfunction activity. To date the "natural" equivalent is not in existence but several pure compounds from nature, e.g., Yohimbine, Citrulline, two pyrano-isoflavones, berberine, forskolin and others, have either been re-examined or are new potential candidates. Intense activity exists in the area of testing semi-purified plant extracts for erectile dysfunction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried E Drewes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
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