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Jillella GK, Khan K, Roy K. Application of QSARs in identification of mutagenicity mechanisms of nitro and amino aromatic compounds against Salmonella typhimurium species. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104768. [PMID: 31926304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to describe the underlying causes of mutagenicity mainly due to organic chemicals, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been developed using two different Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity endpoints with or without presence of liver metabolic microsomal enzymes (S9) namely TA98-S9 and TA98 + S9. The models were developed using simple 2D variables having definite physicochemical meaning calculated from Dragon, SiRMS, and PaDEL-descriptor software tools. Stepwise regression followed by partial least squares (PLS) regression was used in model development following the strict OECD guidelines for QSAR model development and validation. The models were validated using coefficient of determination R2, cross-validation coefficient Q2LOO (leave one out) while the test set predictions were analyzed using Q2F1 (coefficient of determination for the test set). Several other internationally accepted validation metrics like MAE95%train, average rm(LOO)2 and Δrm(LOO)2 (for the training set) were used to check model robustness while predictive efficiency was evaluated using MAE95%test, average rm2 and Δrm2 (for the test set). The scope of predictions was defined by applicability domain analysis using the DModX approach, a recommended tool for PLS models. The major contributing features related to mutagenicity include lipophilicity, electronegativity, branching and unsaturation, etc. The present manuscript is the first attempt to undertake modeling of two different endpoints (TA98-S9 and TA98 + S9) in order to explore major contributing molecular features linked directly or indirectly to mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala Krishna Jillella
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Manikata Main Road, 700054 Kolkata, India
| | - Kabiruddin Khan
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India.
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Funar-Timofei S, Ilia G. QSAR Modeling of Dye Ecotoxicity. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0150-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Basant N, Gupta S. QSAR modeling for predicting mutagenic toxicity of diverse chemicals for regulatory purposes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14430-14444. [PMID: 28435990 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The safety assessment process of chemicals requires information on their mutagenic potential. The experimental determination of mutagenicity of a large number of chemicals is tedious and time and cost intensive, thus compelling for alternative methods. We have established local and global QSAR models for discriminating low and high mutagenic compounds and predicting their mutagenic activity in a quantitative manner in Salmonella typhimurium (TA) bacterial strains (TA98 and TA100). The decision treeboost (DTB)-based classification QSAR models discriminated among two categories with accuracies of >96% and the regression QSAR models precisely predicted the mutagenic activity of diverse chemicals yielding high correlations (R 2) between the experimental and model-predicted values in the respective training (>0.96) and test (>0.94) sets. The test set root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values emphasized the usefulness of the developed models for predicting new compounds. Relevant structural features of diverse chemicals that were responsible and influence the mutagenic activity were identified. The applicability domains of the developed models were defined. The developed models can be used as tools for screening new chemicals for their mutagenicity assessment for regulatory purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shikha Gupta
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP. The index of ideality of correlation: A criterion of predictive potential of QSPR/QSAR models? MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017. [PMID: 28622828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The index of ideality of correlation (IIC) is a new criterion of the predictive potential of quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs). This IIC is calculated with using of the correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated values of endpoint for the calibration set, with taking into account the positive and negative dispersions between experimental and calculated values. The mutagenicity is well-known important characteristic of substances from ecological point of view. Consequently, the estimation of the IIC for mutagenicity is well motivated. It is confirmed that the utilization of this criterion significantly improves the predictive potential of QSAR models of mutagenicity. The new criterion can be used for other endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Toropov
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Alla P Toropova
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milano, 20156, Italy.
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Gadaleta D, Manganelli S, Manganaro A, Porta N, Benfenati E. A knowledge-based expert rule system for predicting mutagenicity (Ames test) of aromatic amines and azo compounds. Toxicology 2016; 370:20-30. [PMID: 27644887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in Western countries, and a major issue for human health. Prolonged exposure to a number of chemicals was observed to be one of the primary causes of cancer in occupationally exposed persons. Thus, the development of tools for identifying hazardous chemicals and the increase of mechanistic understanding of their toxicity is a major goal for scientific research. We constructed a new knowledge-based expert system accounting the effect of different substituents for the prediction of mutagenicity (Ames test) of aromatic amines, a class of compounds of major concern because of their widespread application in industry. The herein presented model implements a series of user-defined structural rules extracted from a database of 616 primary aromatic amines, with their Ames test outcomes, aimed at identifying mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals. The chemical rationale behind such rules is discussed. Besides assessing the model's ability to correctly classify aromatic amines, its predictivity was further evaluated on a second database of 354 azo dyes, another class of chemicals of major concern, whose toxicity has been predicted on the basis of the toxicity of aromatic amines potentially generated from the metabolic reduction of the azo bond. Good performance in classification on both the amine (MCC, Matthews Correlation Coefficient=0.743) and the azo dye (MCC=0.584) datasets confirmed the predictive power of the model, and its suitability for use on a wide range of chemicals. Finally, the model was compared with a series of well-known mutagenicity predicting software. The good performance of our model compared with other mutagenicity models, especially in predicting azo dyes, confirmed the usefulness of this expert system as a reliable support to in vitro mutagenicity assays for screening and prioritization purposes. The model has been fully implemented as a KNIME workflow and is freely available for downstream users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Porta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Odo J, Torimoto SI, Nakanishi S, Niitani T, Aoki H, Inoguchi M, Yamasaki Y. Photodegradation of environmental mutagens by visible irradiation in the presence of xanthene dyes as photosensitizers. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:846-53. [PMID: 22790816 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The photodegradation of environmental mutagens, such as 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAαC), and 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), was investigated by visible irradiation in the presence of xanthene dyes as photosensitizers. Although the environmental mutagens themselves were very stable during visible irradiation under the conditions in this study, they were effectively photodegraded in the presence of the xanthene dyes (erythrosine, rose bengal, and phloxine). Moreover, photodegradation of the mutagens was further enhanced for xanthene dyes loaded onto a water-soluble diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran anion-exchanger via ionic interactions (xanthene-dyeDEX). Photodegradation was inhibited by O2 removal from the reaction solution. In ESR spin-trapping experiments using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a trapping reagent, signals characteristic of DMPO-•OH (hydroxyl radical) were observed in the presence of xanthene-dyeDEX. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species derived from O2, such as singlet molecular oxygen (•1O2) and/or •OH, were active participants in photodegradation of the mutagens in the presence of xanthene dyes or xanthene-dyeDEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Odo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho 1–1, Kita, Okayama, Japan.
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Benigni R, Bossa C. Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity: A Review with Implications for Predictive Toxicology. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2507-36. [PMID: 21265518 DOI: 10.1021/cr100222q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Benigni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bossa
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
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Leong MK, Lin SW, Chen HB, Tsai FY. Predicting Mutagenicity of Aromatic Amines by Various Machine Learning Approaches. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:498-513. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Ranyuk ER, Averin AD, Buryak AK, Savel’ev EN, Orlinson BS, Novakov IA, Beletskaya IP. Palladium-catalyzed amination in the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds containing 1,3-disubstituted adamantane fragments. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Borosky GL. Carcinogenic carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic amines: A DFT study concerning their mutagenic potency. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fang Y, Feng Y, Li M. Optimal QSAR Analysis of the Carcinogenic Activity of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Amines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200710077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Torres-Cartas S, Martín-Biosca Y, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Biopartitioning micellar chromatography to predict mutagenicity of aromatic amines. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:1396-402. [PMID: 17482318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenicity is a toxicity endpoint associated with the chronic exposure to chemicals. Aromatic amines have considerable industrial and environmental importance due to their widespread use in industry and their mutagenic capacity. Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC), a mode of micellar liquid chromatography that uses micellar mobile phases of Brij35 in adequate experimental conditions, has demonstrated to be useful in mimicking the drug partitioning process into biological systems. In this paper, the usefulness of BMC for predicting mutagenicity of aromatic amines is demonstrated. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model based on BMC retention data is proposed and compared with other ones reported in bibliography. The proposed model present better or similar descriptive and predictive capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torres-Cartas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Afantitis A, Melagraki G, Sarimveis H, Koutentis P, Markopoulos J, Igglessi-Markopoulou O. A Novel QSAR Model for Evaluating and Predicting the Inhibition Activity of Dipeptidyl Aspartyl Fluoromethylketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200530208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hlavica P. Functional interaction of nitrogenous organic bases with cytochrome P450: A critical assessment and update of substrate features and predicted key active-site elements steering the access, binding, and orientation of amines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:645-70. [PMID: 16503427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nitrogenous organic bases as environmental chemicals, food additives, and clinically important drugs necessitates precise knowledge about the molecular principles governing biotransformation of this category of substrates. In this regard, analysis of the topological background of complex formation between amines and P450s, acting as major catalysts in C- and N-oxidative attack, is of paramount importance. Thus, progress in collaborative investigations, combining physico-chemical techniques with chemical-modification as well as genetic engineering experiments, enables substantiation of hypothetical work resulting from the design of pharmacophores or homology modelling of P450s. Based on a general, CYP2D6-related construct, the majority of prospective amine-docking residues was found to cluster near the distal heme face in the six known SRSs, made up by the highly variant helices B', F and G as well as the N-terminal portion of helix C and certain beta-structures. Most of the contact sites examined show a frequency of conservation < 20%, hinting at the requirement of some degree of conformational versatility, while a limited number of amino acids exhibiting a higher level of conservation reside close to the heme core. Some key determinants may have a dual role in amine binding and/or maintenance of protein integrity. Importantly, a series of non-SRS elements are likely to be operative via long-range effects. While hydrophobic mechanisms appear to dominate orientation of the nitrogenous compounds toward the iron-oxene species, polar residues seem to foster binding events through H-bonding or salt-bridge formation. Careful uncovering of structure-function relationships in amine-enzyme association together with recently developed unsupervised machine learning approaches will be helpful in both tailoring of novel amine-type drugs and early elimination of potentially toxic or mutagenic candidates. Also, chimeragenesis might serve in the construction of more efficient P450s for activation of amine drugs and/or bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hlavica
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethestrasse 33, D-80336 München, Germany.
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