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Khorramifar A, Karami H, Lvova L, Kolouri A, Łazuka E, Piłat-Rożek M, Łagód G, Ramos J, Lozano J, Kaveh M, Darvishi Y. Environmental Engineering Applications of Electronic Nose Systems Based on MOX Gas Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5716. [PMID: 37420880 PMCID: PMC10300923 DOI: 10.3390/s23125716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the electronic nose (e-nose) has gained a huge amount of attention due to its ability to detect and differentiate mixtures of various gases and odors using a limited number of sensors. Its applications in the environmental fields include analysis of the parameters for environmental control, process control, and confirming the efficiency of the odor-control systems. The e-nose has been developed by mimicking the olfactory system of mammals. This paper investigates e-noses and their sensors for the detection of environmental contaminants. Among different types of gas chemical sensors, metal oxide semiconductor sensors (MOXs) can be used for the detection of volatile compounds in air at ppm and sub-ppm levels. In this regard, the advantages and disadvantages of MOX sensors and the solutions to solve the problems arising upon these sensors' applications are addressed, and the research works in the field of environmental contamination monitoring are overviewed. These studies have revealed the suitability of e-noses for most of the reported applications, especially when the tools were specifically developed for that application, e.g., in the facilities of water and wastewater management systems. As a general rule, the literature review discusses the aspects related to various applications as well as the development of effective solutions. However, the main limitation in the expansion of the use of e-noses as an environmental monitoring tool is their complexity and lack of specific standards, which can be corrected through appropriate data processing methods applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khorramifar
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199, Iran; (A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Hamed Karami
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Larisa Lvova
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alireza Kolouri
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199, Iran; (A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Ewa Łazuka
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology Fundamentals, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (E.Ł.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Magdalena Piłat-Rożek
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology Fundamentals, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (E.Ł.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jose Ramos
- College of Computing and Engineering, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796, USA;
| | - Jesús Lozano
- Department of Electric Technology, Electronics and Automation, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas S/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Mohammad Kaveh
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Yousef Darvishi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 113654117, Iran;
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Use of Electronic Noses in Seawater Quality Monitoring: A Systematic Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040115. [PMID: 30477127 PMCID: PMC6315341 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nose (eNose) systems are particularly appreciated for their portability, usability, relative low cost, and real-time or near real-time response. Their application finds space in several domains, including environmental monitoring. Within this field, marine monitoring is of particular scientific relevance due to the fragility of this specific environment, daily threatened by human activities that can potentially bring to catastrophic and irreversible consequences on marine wildlife. Under such considerations, a systematic review, complying with the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted covering the period up to 15 October 2018, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Despite the relatively low number of articles published on this specific topic and the heterogeneity of the technological approaches employed, the results obtained by the various groups highlight the positive contribution eNose has given and can provide in near future for the monitoring and safeguarding of this delicate environment.
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Bieganowski A, Józefaciuk G, Bandura L, Guz Ł, Łagód G, Franus W. Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Soil Pollution Using E-Nose. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082463. [PMID: 30061490 PMCID: PMC6111446 DOI: 10.3390/s18082463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of detecting low levels of soil pollution by petroleum fuel using an electronic nose (e-nose) was studied. An attempt to distinguish between pollution caused by petrol and diesel oil, and its relation to the time elapsed since the pollution event was simultaneously performed. Ten arable soils, belonging to various soil groups from the World Reference Base (WRB), were investigated. The measurements were performed on soils that were moistened to field capacity, polluted separately with both hydrocarbons, and then allowed to dry slowly over a period of 180 days. The volatile fingerprints differed throughout the course of the experiment, and, by its end, they were similar to those of the unpolluted soils. Principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis showed that the e-nose results could be used to detect soil contamination and distinguish between pollutants and contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Józefaciuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Lidia Bandura
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Guz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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An Electronic Nose Based Method for the Discrimination of Weathered Petroleum-Derived Products. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072180. [PMID: 29986465 PMCID: PMC6068522 DOI: 10.3390/s18072180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years pollution due to hydrocarbon spills has increased markedly as a result of the numerous advances in technologies and industrial processes. Anthropogenic activities (accidental or illegal) are responsible for most of these incidents. In some cases, the spills are not detected at the moment they occur and the contaminants are subjected to different degradation phenomena that may change the chemical composition of the hydrocarbon over time. An incorrect or ineffective identification of the spill could lead to significant consequences, bearing in mind that most spills are hazardous to the environment. In the present work the capacity of the analytical technique based on the Electronic Nose (eNose) combined with chemometrics in the identification and discrimination of different weathered petroleum-derived products (PDPs) was studied. Different volumes (40 μL and 80 μL) of PDPs (gasoline, diesel, and paraffin) were poured onto different supports (wood, cork, paper, and cotton sheet) and subjected to a natural weathering process by evaporation for one month. The porosity of the support was also studied. The application of linear discriminant analysis allowed the full discrimination of the samples according to the presence/absence of PDP and a 97.7% of correct discrimination of the different PDPs regardless of the weathering time, support or volume used. The results show that the system is capable of detecting and discriminating the presence of petroleum-derived products in any of the situations studied.
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Aliaño-González MJ, Ferreiro-González M, Barbero GF, Ayuso J, Palma M, Barroso CG. Study of the Weathering Process of Gasoline by eNose. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010139. [PMID: 29304020 PMCID: PMC5795821 DOI: 10.3390/s18010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a fire investigation the rapid detection of the presence of ignitable liquids like gasoline is of great importance as it allows appropriate treatment of the remains, the identification of prevention methods and detects the possible presence of an arsonist. In some cases, analysts cannot access the fire scene in the first few hours due to the dangers involved in the situation and, as a consequence, phenomena such as weathering start. Ignitable liquid weathering is an evaporation process that results in an increase in the abundance of non-volatile compounds relative to volatile compounds, and this process changes the chemical composition. In the present work, the weathering of samples of gasoline at different times (from 0 h to a month) has been studied using an electronic nose (eNose). The influence of the volume used (40 µL and 80 µL) and the type of support (cork, wood, paper and cotton sheet) has been studied. Chemometric tools have been used with the aim of ascertaining the weathering time for which the developed method is capable of detecting the presence of gasoline. The eNose was able to discriminate samples of weathered gasoline. The support used for the samples did not seem to have an influence on the detection and the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Aliaño-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
| | - Gerardo F Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ayuso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
| | - Carmelo G Barroso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz P.O. Box 40 11510, Spain.
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Li P, Cai Q, Lin W, Chen B, Zhang B. Offshore oil spill response practices and emerging challenges. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:6-27. [PMID: 27393213 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Offshore oil spills are of tremendous concern due to their potential impact on economic and ecological systems. A number of major oil spills triggered worldwide consciousness of oil spill preparedness and response. Challenges remain in diverse aspects such as oil spill monitoring, analysis, assessment, contingency planning, response, cleanup, and decision support. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current situations and impacts of offshore oil spills, as well as the policies and technologies in offshore oil spill response and countermeasures. Correspondingly, new strategies and a decision support framework are recommended for improving the capacities and effectiveness of oil spill response and countermeasures. In addition, the emerging challenges in cold and harsh environments are reviewed with recommendations due to increasing risk of oil spills in the northern regions from the expansion of the Arctic Passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5
| | - Qinhong Cai
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5
| | - Weiyun Lin
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X5.
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Wang Q, Zhang S, Li Y, Klassen W. Potential Approaches to Improving Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons for Bioremediation of Crude Oil Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2011.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wongsa P, Tanaka M, Ueno A, Hasanuzzaman M, Yumoto I, Okuyama H. Isolation and characterization of novel strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens possessing high efficiency to degrade gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, and lubricating oil. Curr Microbiol 2005; 49:415-22. [PMID: 15696617 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-004-4347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria possessing high capacity to degrade gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, and lubricating oil were screened from several areas of Hokkaido, Japan. Among isolates, two strains, WatG and HokM, which were identified as new strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens species, respectively, showed relatively high capacity and wide spectrum to degrade the hydrocarbons in gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and lubricating oil. About 90-95% of excess amount of total diesel oil and kerosene added to mineral salts media as a sole carbon source could be degraded by WatG within 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. The same amount of lubricating oil was 60% degraded within 2 weeks. Strain HokM was more capable than WatG in degrading aromatic compounds in gasoline. This strain could also degrade kerosene, diesel, and lubricating oil with a capacity of 50-60%. Thus, these two isolates have potential to be useful for bioremediation of sites highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1290-1301. [PMID: 14696212 DOI: 10.1002/jms.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1215-1224. [PMID: 14648831 DOI: 10.1002/jms.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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