1
|
Murray KK. Lasers for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4664. [PMID: 33819368 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was introduced 35 years ago and has advanced from a general method for producing intact ions from large biomolecules to wide use in applications ranging from bacteria identification to tissue imaging. MALDI was enabled by the development of high energy pulsed lasers that create ions from solid samples for analysis by mass spectrometry. The original lasers used for MALDI were ultraviolet fixed-wavelength nitrogen and Nd:YAG lasers, and a number of additional laser sources have been subsequently introduced with wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the ultraviolet and pulse widths from nanosecond to femtosecond. Wavelength tunable sources have been employed both in the IR and UV, and repetition rates have increased from tens of Hz to tens of kHz as MALDI has moved into mass spectrometry imaging. Dual-pulse configurations have been implemented with two lasers directed at the target or with a second laser creating ions in the plume of desorbed material. This review provides a brief history of the use of lasers for ionization in mass spectrometry and describes the various types of lasers and configurations used for MALDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toh-Boyo GM, Wulff SS, Basile F. Comparison of Sample Preparation Methods and Evaluation of Intra- and Intersample Reproducibility in Bacteria MALDI-MS Profiling. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9971-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline M. Toh-Boyo
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, Wyoming 82072,
United States
| | - Shaun S. Wulff
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, Wyoming 82072,
United States
| | - Franco Basile
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, Wyoming 82072,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith DF, Aizikov K, Duursma MC, Giskes F, Spaanderman DJ, McDonnell LA, O’Connor PB, Heeren RMA. An external matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization source for flexible FT-ICR Mass spectrometry imaging with internal calibration on adjacent samples. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:130-7. [PMID: 21472551 PMCID: PMC3042104 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the construction and application of a new MALDI source for FT-ICR mass spectrometry imaging. The source includes a translational X-Y positioning stage with a 10×10 cm range of motion for analysis of large sample areas, a quadrupole for mass selection, and an external octopole ion trap with electrodes for the application of an axial potential gradient for controlled ion ejection. An off-line LC MALDI MS/MS run demonstrates the utility of the new source for data- and position-dependent experiments. A FT-ICR MS imaging experiment of a coronal rat brain section yields ∼200 unique peaks from m/z 400-1100 with corresponding mass-selected images. Mass spectra from every pixel are internally calibrated with respect to polymer calibrants collected from an adjacent slide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald F. Smith
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Aizikov
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Marc C. Duursma
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Giskes
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Spaanderman
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liam A. McDonnell
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B. O’Connor
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu W, Liang Z, Zhao Z, Cai Z. Direct analysis of alkaloid profiling in plant tissue by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:58-69. [PMID: 17149797 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for the direct determination of alkaloid profiling in plant tissues by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was developed. The alkaloid profiles of the herbs were obtained without the need for complicated sample preparation. Experimental results demonstrated that the direct MALDI-TOFMS analysis allowed rapid and reliable characterization of the components in plant tissues. Four commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs were studied, including Aconitum Carmichaeli Debx. (Fuzi in Chinese) and Processed Fuzi, for herb differentiation and explanation of the significant difference in their toxicities. The direct analysis method proved valuable for the preliminary study of plant component profiles. The rapid collection of information from the direct analysis on plant tissues could be valuable for supporting the discovery of new compounds and for the quality control of medicinal herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhen Y, Xu N, Richardson B, Becklin R, Savage JR, Blake K, Peltier JM. Development of an LC-MALDI method for the analysis of protein complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:803-822. [PMID: 15144970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Revised: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a two-dimensional LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF method has been developed for analyzing protein complexes. In our hands, the method has proven to be an excellent strategy for the analysis of protein complexes isolated in pull-down experiments. This is in part because the preservation of the chromatographic separation on a MALDI target yields an "unlimited" amount of time to obtain MS/MS spectra, making it possible to probe more deeply into complex samples. A brief statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained from the LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF system in order to better understand peptide fragmentation patterns under high-energy collision conditions. These statistical analyses provided some insight into how to evaluate the quality and accuracy of the database search results derived from the TOF/TOF-based analysis. The potential of the method was demonstrated by the successful identification of all the known penicillin-binding proteins in E. coli isolated using a drug-based pull-down with ampicillin as the bait. The performance of the LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF system was compared with that of an equivalent 2D LC-ESI-MS/MS approach, in the analysis of a protein bait-based pull-down. Regardless of the number of peptides identified in the ESI versus MALDI approach, the two approaches were found to be complementary. When the data is merged at the peptide level, the combined result gives higher Mascot scores and an overall higher confidence in protein identification than with either approach alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Zhen
- Prolexys Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84116, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Basics of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption, Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Post-Source Decay Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56895-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
7
|
O'Connor PB, Costello CE. A high pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry ion source for thermal stabilization of labile biomolecules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:1862-8. [PMID: 11565105 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A high pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) ion source was designed and tested. With this design, pressure is pulsed to an estimated 1-10 mbar in the region of the MALDI sample during desorption with the result of significantly decreased fragmentation compared to similar systems operating with pressures of <0.1 mbar. The thermal stabilization of vibrationally excited ions under these conditions is shown with small peptides desorbed from the "hot" matrix alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and with the highly labile oxidized beta-chain of insulin. Fragile gangliosides with several sialic acid residues are desorbed under high pressure and remain intact without the typical losses of sialic acid, and a protein standard, ubiquitin (8565.64 Da), is desorbed with minimal dehydration. Under high pressure collisional cooling conditions, non-covalent matrix adduction to the molecular ions becomes prominent, but with the trapped ions in an FT mass spectrometer, the ions can be mildly activated to detach the matrix adducts. The new source, additionally, generates significant levels of the multiply charged ions which are commonly seen in MALDI-TOFMS, but are rarely observed in MALDI-FTMS. This effect is more likely due to the elimination of a mass filtering effect in the previous FTMS ion source than to collisional cooling of the ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B O'Connor
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., R806, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
A 4.7 Tesla internal MALDI-FTICR instrument for high mass studies: performance and methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Heeren RM, Boon JJ. Rapid microscale analyses with an external ion source Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Li Y, Hunter RL, McIver RT. Ultrahigh-resolution fourier transform mass spectrometry of biomolecules above m/z 5 000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
van Rooij GJ, Duursma MC, Heeren RMA, Boon JJ, de Koster CG. High resolution end group determination of low molecular weight polymers by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization on an external ion source fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1996; 7:449-57. [PMID: 24203399 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(96)00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1995] [Revised: 12/19/1995] [Accepted: 12/19/1995] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. van Rooij
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Duursma
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. Heeren
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Boon
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. G. de Koster
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dienes T, Pastor SJ, Schürch S, Scott JR, Yao J, Cui S, Wilkins CL. Fourier transform mass spectrometry-advancing years (1992-mid. 1996). MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 1996; 15:163-211. [PMID: 27082513 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(1996)15:3<163::aid-mas2>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/1996] [Revised: 10/18/1996] [Accepted: 10/22/1996] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article is one of a series of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) reviews that has appeared in this journal at ca. 3-4 year intervals. A comprehensive review of the recent theoretical developments, instrumental developments, electrospray ionization (ESI), and MALDI is given. Ion dissociation techniques are also discussed because of their contributions to gaining insight into chemical structure. Special sections have been devoted to discussing the emerging fields of surface analysis, polymer analysis, Buckminsterfullerenes (buckyballs), and hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies. This review, although not all-inclusive, is intended to be a starting point for those wishing to learn more about the current status of FTMS, and also as a representative cross-section of the literature for those familiar with the technique. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Dienes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S J Pastor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Schürch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J R Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C L Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been responsible for solving many problems in structural biology. Mass analysis is now used routinely to confirm proper expression and processing of proteins, and to locate and identify post-translational modifications. Innovative advances in instrumentation have led to higher mass resolution and mass accuracy. New sample preparation methods are likewise yielding higher sensitivity plus greater tolerance for buffer components that have in the past suppressed signals at higher concentrations. Advancements in the technique have also led to new or improved applications in many areas, including peptide sequencing and the identification of proteins by database searching with peptide masses. Instruments with lower cost, smaller size, and higher performance are making mass measurements available to an increasing number of laboratories. MALDI-MS is poised to continue to improve in performance and in its usefulness for current and new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Stults
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Koster CG, Duursma MC, van Rooij GJ, Heeren RM, Boon JJ. Endgroup analysis of polyethylene glycol polymers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1995; 9:957-62. [PMID: 7670157 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1290091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) by external injection of matrix-assisted laser desorbed and ionized (MALDI) polymers offers good possibilities for characterization of low molecular weight homopolymers (MW range up to 10 kDa). The molecular masses of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) components of underivatized and derivatized (dimethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl and diacetyl) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 4000 were measured by MALDI-FTICR-MS. These measurements have been performed using a commercial FTICR spectrometer with a home-built external ion source. MALDI of the samples with a 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix in a 1000:1 matrix-to-analyte molar ratio produces sodiated molecules in a sufficient yield to trap the ions in the ICR cell. The masses of the molecular weight distribution of PEG components were measured in broad-band mode with a mass accuracy of < 5 ppm in the mass range around 1000 u and within 40 ppm accuracy around 4000 u. From these measurements, the endgroup mass of the polymer was determined by correlation of the measured component mass with the degree of polymerization. The masses of the PEG endgroups have been determined within a deviation of 3-10 millimass units for the PEG1000 derivatives and 10-100 millimass units for the PEG4000 derivatives, thus confirming the identity of the distal parts of the model compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G de Koster
- Unit for Macromolecular Mass Spectrometry, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|