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Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052001. [PMID: 36903247 PMCID: PMC10003902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.
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Chizhov AO, Gening ML, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Tandem Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Cyclic N-Substituted Oligo-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8284. [PMID: 33167433 PMCID: PMC7663939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution electrospray mass spectra (MS and MS/MS CID) of positive ions of a series of protonated, ammoniated, and metallated molecules of cyclic N-substituted oligo-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamines differing in cycle size and N-acyl substituents were registered and interpreted. It was shown that the main type of fragmentation is a cleavage of glycosidic bonds of a cycle, and in some cases fragmentation of amide side chains is possible. If labile fragments in substituents (e.g., carbohydrate chains) are present, a decay of the cycle and an elimination of labile fragments are of comparable possibility. It was found that in some cases rearrangements with loss of an internal carbohydrate residue (IRL), or an internal part of a side chain, are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, Leninskii Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.L.G.); (Y.E.T.); (N.E.N.)
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Kimura M, Honda C, Hamaguchi R, Kuroda Y, Tanimoto T, Terao K. The present state of studies on attractive and amphiphilic multi-functional methylated β-cyclodextrins and their purity measurements. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chizhov AO, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Gas-Phase Fragmentation of Cyclic Oligosaccharides in Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122226. [PMID: 31207901 PMCID: PMC6631135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern mass spectrometry, including electrospray and MALDI, is applied for analysis and structure elucidation of carbohydrates. Cyclic oligosaccharides isolated from different sources (bacteria and plants) have been known for decades and some of them (cyclodextrins and their derivatives) are widely used in drug design, as food additives, in the construction of nanomaterials, etc. The peculiarities of the first- and second-order mass spectra of cyclic oligosaccharides (natural, synthetic and their derivatives and modifications: cyclodextrins, cycloglucans, cyclofructans, cyclooligoglucosamines, etc.) are discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Peptu C, Danchenko M, Škultéty Ľ, Mosnáček J. Structural Architectural Features of Cyclodextrin Oligoesters Revealed by Fragmentation Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092259. [PMID: 30189595 PMCID: PMC6225376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) were used in the present study for the ring-opening oligomerization (ROO) of l-lactide (LA) in order to synthesize biodegradable products with possible applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields. The practical importance of ROO reactions may reside in the possibility of synthesizing novel CD derivatives with high purity due to the dual role played by CDs, the role of the initiator through the hydroxylic groups, and the role of the catalyst by monomer inclusion in the CD cavity. The analyzed compounds were CDs modified with oligolactides obtained through ROO reactions of l-lactide in dimethylformamide. The resulting CD isomeric mixtures were investigated using classical characterization techniques such as gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed for the determination of the average number of monomer units attached to the cyclodextrin and the architecture of the derivatives (if the monomer units were attached as a single chain or as multiple chains). Thus, fragmentation studies effectuated on two different instruments (ESI Q-TOF and MALDI TOF) allowed us to correlate the size of the oligolactide chains attached to the CD with the observed fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Przybylski C, Bonnet V, Cézard C. Probing the common alkali metal affinity of native and variously methylated β-cyclodextrins by combining electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19288-305. [PMID: 26138713 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the study herein, we investigated the solution and gas phase affinity of native and variously methylated β-cyclodextrins (CDs) as hosts towards three common alkali metals as guests namely lithium, sodium and potassium. For this purpose, two complementary approaches have been employed: electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with two energetic regimes: Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) and Higher Collision Dissociation (HCD), respectively, and DFT molecular modeling. These approaches have been achieved by taking into account the interaction of either one or two alkali metals with the host molecules. The results showed a good agreement between experimental and theoretical data. It was demonstrated that increasing the methylation degree strengthened the gas phase affinity towards all studied alkali metals. Furthermore, it was established that the cation selectivity was Na(+) > Li(+) > K(+) and Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+) for the solution and gas phase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Przybylski
- Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, Bâtiment Maupertuis, Bld F. Mitterrand, F-91025 Evry, France.
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Elimination pathways of cyclosarin (GF) mediated by β-cyclodextrin in vitro: pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic aspects. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:164-70. [PMID: 23906718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CD) are promising small molecular scavengers showing favourable degradation of extremely toxic organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as tabun (GA), soman (GD) or cyclosarin (GF). For β-CD derivatives as potential OP antidotes with low intrinsic toxicity it is of great interest to completely understand the modes of interaction of both compounds in terms of OP detoxification. The mechanisms of CD action are not completely understood which prompted us to investigate the interactions of GF and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as model compounds. Using positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), the formation of covalent conjugates of β-CD with O-cyclohexylmethylphosphonate (CHMP) residue was detected for the first time and was examined in vitro. With a newly developed LC-MS method the formation of O-cyclohexylmethylphosphonic acid (CHMPA) (i.e. GF hydrolysis) and covalent CHMP-β-CD conjugates was analyzed. Compared to water, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) reduced the formation of covalent conjugates but amplified formation of CHMPA. Depending on experimental conditions the degradation of GF by β-CD may be preferably catalytic or stoichiometric. For illustrating different possible reaction pathways a scheme was established that could support the idea of β-CD acting as an artificial enzyme. These results provide an important insight into the β-CD mediated detoxification pathways of GF.
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Fougère L, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Evaluation of a liquid chromatography method for quality control of methylated cyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1277:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peptu C, Nicolescu A, Peptu CA, Harabagiu V, Simionescu BC, Kowalczuk M. Mass spectrometry characterization of 3-OH butyrated β-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hubert-Roux M, Ba OM, Skiba M, Lange CM. What structural information can ion trap mass spectrometry bring for the characterization of permethylated cyclodextrins? RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1607-1610. [PMID: 18433089 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Characterisation of complex amphiphilic cyclodextrin mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1189:385-91. [PMID: 17981290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is established that amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrins chemically modified with alkyl chains on the secondary face exhibit self-organisation properties yielding stable nanospheres or nanoparticles. The ability of these promising colloidal drug carriers to encapsulate drugs being partly related to the internal structure of nanosystems, precise characterisation methods are required to control their synthesis procedure. The present work describes the development of complementary analytical methods based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to characterize various beta-cyclodextrins enzymatically transesterified by vinyl-acyl fatty esters (the number of carbon atom in the acyl chain varying from 4 to 12). LC-ELSD has been used in a preliminary step to optimize the separation on a monolithic octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica stationary phase. A complex fingerprint was achieved for each mixture, revealing the presence of isomers unnoticed by the sole spectrometric (NMR and MS) techniques.
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Cunha-Filho MSS, Dacunha-Marinho B, Torres-Labandeira JJ, Martínez-Pacheco R, Landin M. Characterization of beta-lapachone and methylated beta-cyclodextrin solid-state systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E60. [PMID: 17915810 DOI: 10.1208/pt0803060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the utility of beta cyclodextrin (betaCD) and beta cyclodextrin derivatives (hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin [HPbetaCD], sulfobutylether-beta-CD [SBbetaCD], and a randomly methylated-beta-CD [RMbetaCD]) to form inclusion complexes with the antitumoral drug, beta-lapachone (betaLAP), in order to overcome the problem of its poor water solubility. RMbetaCD presented the highest efficiency for betaLAP solubilization and was selected to develop solid-state binary systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and optical and scanning electron microscopy results suggest the formation of inclusion complexes by both freeze-drying and kneading techniques with a dramatic improvement in drug dissolution efficiency at 20-minute dissolution efficiency (DE(20-minute) 67.15% and 88.22%, respectively) against the drug (DE(20-minute) 27.11%) or the betaCD/drug physical mixture (DE(20-minute) 27.22%). However, the kneading method gives a highly crystalline material that together with the adequate drug dissolution profile make it the best procedure in obtaining inclusion complexes of RMbetaCD/betaLAP convenient for different applications of betaLAP.
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