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Häbe TT, Späth C, Schrade S, Jörg W, Süssmuth RD, Bischoff D, Luippold AH. An ultrafast and flexible liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system paves the way for machine learning driven in vivo sample processing in early drug discovery. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9096. [PMID: 33837598 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The low speed and low flexibility of most liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) approaches in early drug discovery delay sample analysis from routine in vivo studies within the same day. A high-throughput platform for the rapid quantification of drug compounds in various in vivo assays was developed and established in routine bioanalysis. METHODS Automated selection of an efficient and adequate LC method was realized by autonomous sample qualification for ultrafast batch gradients (9 s/sample) or for fast linear gradients (45 s/sample) if samples required chromatography. The hardware and software components of our Rapid and Integrated Analysis System (RIAS) were streamlined for increased analytical throughput via state-of-the-art automation while maintaining high analytical quality. RESULTS Online decision-making was based on a quick assay suitability test (AST), based on a small and dedicated sample set evaluated by two different strategies. 84% of the acquired data points were within ±30% accuracy and 93% of the deviations between the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) values were ≤2-fold compared with standard LC/MS/MS systems. Speed, flexibility and overall automation significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS The developed platform provided an analysis time of only 10 min (batch-mode) and 47 min (gradient-mode) per standard pharmacokinetic (PK) study (62 injections). Automation, data evaluation and results handling were optimized to pave the way for machine learning based on decision-making regarding the evaluation strategy of the AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Häbe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Christian Späth
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, ISEE Infrastructure, Safety, Environment and Engineering, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Steffen Schrade
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jörg
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, ISEE Infrastructure, Safety, Environment and Engineering, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach an der Riss, 88397, Germany
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Development of a high-performance, enterprise-level, multimode LC–MS/MS autosampler for drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1643-1654. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wu LL, Wu YS, Chen WY, Zhou W, Tang L, Li B, Liu B. Determination of artemisitene in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application in pharmacokinetics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1121-1128. [PMID: 28403574 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Artemisitene shows a wide variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant protection in vitro and in vivo. It has been identified as a novel Nrf2 inducer. However, there is no report on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method to quantitate artemisitene in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic profile study. METHODS An ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH Symmetry Shield RP18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) was used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 . Mass detection was performed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive mode. Plasma samples were pre-treated by a single-step extraction with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solutions-acetonitrile, and tolbutamide was used as internal standard. RESULTS The calibration curve was from 0.98 to 1000 ng∙mL-1 (r2 = 0.995). The extraction recoveries were 61.5-79.4% and 81.7-94.6% for artemisitene and tolbutamide, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.98 ng∙mL-1 . The absolute bioavailability of artemisitene was 3.7% after intravenous and oral administration in rats. CONCLUSIONS The UPLC/MS/MS assay was validated for linearity, accuracy, stability, extraction recovery, matrix effects, and intra-day and inter-day precision. The method, for the first time, achieved some pharmacokinetic parameters and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lan Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ying Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ben Li
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Integration of microfluidic LC with HRMS for the analysis of analytes in biofluids: past, present and future. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1397-411. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary LC (cLC) coupled to MS has the potential to improve detection limits, address limited sample volumes and allow multiple analyses from one sample. This is particularly attractive in areas where ultrahigh assay sensitivity, low limits of detection and small sample volumes are becoming commonplace. However, implementation of cLC–MS in the bioanalytical–drug metabolism area had been hampered by the lack of commercial instrumentation and the need for experts to operate the system. Recent advances in microfabricated devices such as chip-cube and ion-key technologies offer the potential for true implementation of cLC in the modern laboratory including the benefits of the combination of this type of separation with high-resolution MS.
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Spaggiari D, Mehl F, Desfontaine V, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Fekete S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D. Comparison of liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to compact single quadrupole mass spectrometer for targeted in vitro metabolism assay. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1371:244-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Coupling ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for in-vitro drug-metabolism studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Analysis of drug interactions with very low density lipoprotein by high-performance affinity chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6203-11. [PMID: 25103529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) was utilized to examine the binding of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) with drugs, using R/S-propranolol as a model. These studies indicated that two mechanisms existed for the binding of R- and S-propranolol with VLDL. The first mechanism involved non-saturable partitioning of these drugs with VLDL, which probably occurred with the lipoprotein's non-polar core. This partitioning was described by overall affinity constants of 1.2 (±0.3) × 10(6) M(-1) for R-propranolol and 2.4 (±0.6) × 10(6) M(-1) for S-propranolol at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. The second mechanism occurred through saturable binding by these drugs at fixed sites on VLDL, such as represented by apolipoproteins on the surface of the lipoprotein. The association equilibrium constants for this saturable binding at 37 °C were 7.0 (±2.3) × 10(4) M(-1) for R-propranolol and 9.6 (±2.2) × 10(4) M(-1) for S-propranolol. Comparable results were obtained at 20 and 27 °C for the propranolol enantiomers. This work provided fundamental information on the processes involved in the binding of R- and S-propranolol to VLDL, while also illustrating how HPAC can be used to evaluate relatively complex interactions between agents such as VLDL and drugs or other solutes.
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Abstract
It is a constant challenge to provide timely bioanalytical support for the evaluation of drug-like properties and PK/PD profiles for the ever-increasing numbers of new chemical entities in a cost-effective manner. While technological advancement in various aspects of LC–MS/MS analysis has significantly improved bioanalytical efficiency, a number of simple sample reduction strategies can be employed to reduce the number of samples requiring analysis, and as a result increase the bioanalytical productivity without deploying additional instruments. In this review, advantages and precautions of common sample reduction strategies, such as sample pooling and cassette dosing, are discussed. In addition, other approaches such as reducing calibration standards and eliminating over-the-curve sample reanalysis will also be discussed. Taken together, these approaches can significantly increase the capacity and throughput of discovery bioanalysis without adding instruments, and are viable means to enhance the overall productivity of the bioanalytical laboratory.
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Coupling ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: Constraints and possible applications. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:2-18. [PMID: 23062879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Recent development in software and automation tools for high-throughput discovery bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1097-109. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioanalysis with LC–MS/MS has been established as the method of choice for quantitative determination of drug candidates in biological matrices in drug discovery and development. The LC–MS/MS bioanalytical support for drug discovery, especially for early discovery, often requires high-throughput (HT) analysis of large numbers of samples (hundreds to thousands per day) generated from many structurally diverse compounds (tens to hundreds per day) with a very quick turnaround time, in order to provide important activity and liability data to move discovery projects forward. Another important consideration for discovery bioanalysis is its fit-for-purpose quality requirement depending on the particular experiments being conducted at this stage, and it is usually not as stringent as those required in bioanalysis supporting drug development. These aforementioned attributes of HT discovery bioanalysis made it an ideal candidate for using software and automation tools to eliminate manual steps, remove bottlenecks, improve efficiency and reduce turnaround time while maintaining adequate quality. In this article we will review various recent developments that facilitate automation of individual bioanalytical procedures, such as sample preparation, MS/MS method development, sample analysis and data review, as well as fully integrated software tools that manage the entire bioanalytical workflow in HT discovery bioanalysis. In addition, software tools supporting the emerging high-resolution accurate MS bioanalytical approach are also discussed.
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Nakamura M. Analyses of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in various biological matrices by LC-MS(/MS). Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1283-307. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4, daigaku-nishi; Gifu; 501-1196; Japan
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Wenlock MC, Potter T, Barton P, Austin RP. A Method for Measuring the Lipophilicity of Compounds in Mixtures of 10. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:348-55. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057110396372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilicity is an important parameter for any potential drug candidate. Accurate and efficient lipophilicity measurements facilitate the development of high-quality predictive in silico models that support the design of future drugs. Lipophilicity estimates derived from the traditional 1-octanol/water shake flask techniques have been the most widely employed and are therefore the best understood. This technique can be considered to give a good measure of a compound’s lipophilicity, albeit slower and more labor intensive to run compared with some other methodologies. Herein is described and validated an efficient 1-octanol/water shake flask technique that has sufficient capacity to be run as a primary screen within the drug discovery process. This is achieved by the simultaneous measurement of the distribution coefficients of mixtures of up to 10 compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Concerns regarding ion pair partitioning that could result in erroneous results due to interactions between compounds within a mixture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Wenlock
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Tim Potter
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Patrick Barton
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Rupert P. Austin
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Chernetsova ES, Koryakova AG. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for studying new pharmaceutical entities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810140029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alelyunas YW, Empfield JR, McCarthy D, Spreen RC, Bui K, Pelosi-Kilby L, Shen C. Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7312-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Curcio R, Nicoli R, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. Evaluation of an in-capillary approach for performing quantitative cytochrome P450 activity studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Encapsulation efficiency of solid lipid hybrid particles prepared using the PGSS® technique and loaded with different polarity active agents. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brown A, Bickford S, Hatsis P, Amin J, Bell L, Harriman S. High-throughput analysis of in vitro cytochrome p450 inhibition samples using mass spectrometry coupled with an integrated liquid chromatography/autosampler system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1207-1210. [PMID: 20301107 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Nicoli R, Martel S, Rudaz S, Wolfender JL, Veuthey JL, Carrupt PA, Guillarme D. Advances in LC platforms for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:475-89. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441003733874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shou WZ, Zhang J. Recent development in high-throughput bioanalytical support forin vitroADMET profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:321-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903547829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kay RG, Barton C, Velloso CP, Brown PR, Bartlett C, Blazevich AJ, Godfrey RJ, Goldspink G, Rees R, Ball GR, Cowan DA, Harridge SD, Roberts J, Teale P, Creaser CS. High-throughput ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of insulin-like growth factor-I and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein in serum as biomarkers of recombinant human growth hormone administration. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3173-3182. [PMID: 19718777 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a known biomarker of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) abuse, and is also used clinically to confirm acromegaly. The protein leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) was recently identified as a putative biomarker of rhGH administration. The combination of an ACN depletion method and a 5-min ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (uHPLC/MS/MS)-based selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay detected both IGF-I and LRG at endogenous concentrations. Four eight-point standard addition curves of IGF-I (16-2000 ng/mL) demonstrated good linearity (r(2) = 0.9991 and coefficients of variance (CVs) <13%). Serum samples from two rhGH administrations were extracted and their uHPLC/MS/MS-derived IGF-I concentrations correlated well against immunochemistry-derived values. Combining IGF-I and LRG data improved the separation of treated and placebo states compared with IGF-I alone, further strengthening the hypothesis that LRG is a biomarker of rhGH administration. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis of the LRG and IGF-I data demonstrated an improved model over that developed using IGF-I alone, with a predictive accuracy of 97%, specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 100%. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis gave an AUC value of 0.98. This study demonstrates the first large scale and high throughput uHPLC/MS/MS-based quantitation of a medium abundance protein (IGF-I) in human serum. Furthermore, the data we have presented for the quantitative analysis of IGF-I suggest that, in this case, monitoring a single SRM transition to a trypsin peptide surrogate is a valid approach to protein quantitation by LC/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Kay
- Drug Development Services, Quotient Bioresearch Ltd., Fordham CB7 5WW, UK.
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