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Zhao Q, Wu ZE, Li B, Li F. Recent advances in metabolism and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2
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Sharma MK, Shah RP, Sengupta P. Amalgamation of stress degradation and metabolite profiling in rat urine and feces for characterization of oxidative metabolites of flibanserin using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, H/D exchange and NMR technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1139:121993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Coban O, Degim Z. Development and validation of highly selective method for the determination of imatinib mesylate and dexketoprofen trometamol combination in three different media. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Coban
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Pharmacy, Turkey
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4
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Hrynchak I, Sousa E, Pinto M, Costa VM. The importance of drug metabolites synthesis: the case-study of cardiotoxic anticancer drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:158-196. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1316285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Vrobel I, Friedecký D, Faber E, Najdekr L, Mičová K, Karlíková R, Adam T. Novel sulphur-containing imatinib metabolites found by untargeted LC-HRMS analysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:335-343. [PMID: 28433749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolite profiling using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-HRMS), followed by data analysis with the Compound Discoverer 2.0™ software, was used to study the metabolism of imatinib in humans with chronic myeloid leukemia. Plasma samples from control (drug-free) and patient (treated with imatinib) groups were analyzed in full-scan mode and the unknown ions occurring only in the patient group were then, as potential imatinib metabolites, subjected to multi-stage fragmentation in order to elucidate their structure. The application of an untargeted approach, as described in this study, enabled the detection of 24 novel structurally unexpected metabolites. Several sulphur-containing compounds, probably originating after the reaction of reactive intermediates of imatinib with endogenous glutathione, were found and annotated as cysteine and cystine adducts. In the proposed mechanism, the cysteine adducts were formed after the rearrangement of piperazine moiety to imidazoline. On the contrary, in vivo S-N exchange occurred in the case of the cystine adducts. In addition, N-O exchange was observed in the collision cell in the course of the fragmentation of the cystine adducts. The presence of sulphur in the cysteine and cystine conjugates was proved by means of ultra-high resolution measurements using Orbitrap Elite. The detection of metabolites derived from glutathione might improve knowledge about the disposition of imatinib towards bioactivation and help to improve understanding of the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vrobel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Edgar Faber
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Najdekr
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Mičová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Karlíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Adam
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Baira SM, Srinivasulu G, Nimbalkar R, Garg P, Srinivas R, Talluri MVNK. Characterization of degradation products of regorafenib by LC-QTOF-MS and NMR spectroscopy: investigation of rearrangement and odd-electron ion formation during collision-induced dissociations under ESI-MS/MS. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of degradation products of regorafenib by LC-QTOF-MS and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandilya Mahamuni Baira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Gannoju Srinivasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Rakesh Nimbalkar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - R. Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
- NCMS, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - M. V. N. Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
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7
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Yang A, Zang M, Liu H, Fan P, Xing J. Metabolite identification of the antimalarial piperaquinein vivousing liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with multiple data-mining tools in tandem. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1324-30. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Meitong Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Peihong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
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8
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Friedecký D, Mičová K, Faber E, Hrdá M, Široká J, Adam T. Detailed study of imatinib metabolization using high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Kalariya PD, Patel PN, Sharma M, Garg P, Srinivas R, Talluri MVNK. Characterization of stress degradation products of blonanserin by UPLC-QTOF-tandem mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study of blonanserin and structural elucidation of its degradation products was performed using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipbhai D. Kalariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- IDPL R&D Campus
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Prinesh N. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- IDPL R&D Campus
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Mahesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - R. Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- IDPL R&D Campus
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - M. V. N. Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- IDPL R&D Campus
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
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10
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Kalariya PD, Talluri MK, Patel PN, Srinivas R. Identification of hydrolytic and isomeric N-oxide degradants of vilazodone by on line LC–ESI–MS/MS and APCI–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:353-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Aceña J, Pérez S, Gardinali P, Abad JL, Eichhorn P, Heuett N, Barceló D. Structure elucidation of phototransformation products of unapproved analogs of the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil in artificial freshwater with UPLC-Q Exactive-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1279-1289. [PMID: 25476946 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four unapproved analogues of Sildenafil (SDF) were photodegraded under synthetic sunlight in artificial freshwater. Homosildenafil (H-SDF), hydroxyhomo-sildenafil (HH-SDF), norneosildenafil (NR-SDF) and thiosildenafil (T-SDF) were selected because they are frequently detected as adulterants in natural herbal products. Using UPLC-Orbitrap (Q Exactive)-MS, six photoproducts common to H-SDF, HH-SDF and T-SDF and nine unique transformation products of different molecular weights were identified based on their high-resolution (+)ESI product ion spectra. Mass spectral analysis of deuterated H-SDF, labeled on the N-ethyl group, allowed to gain mechanistic insight into the fragmentation pathway of the substituted piperazine ring and to support the postulated photoproduct structures. The mass spectral fragmentation confirmed the stepwise destruction of the piperazine ring eventually producing a sulfonic acid derivative (C17 H20 N4 O5 S: 392.1151 Da). In contrast, the photodegradation of NR-SDF, which lacks a piperazine ring in its structure, formed only two prominent photoproducts originating from N,N-dealkylation of the sulfonamide followed by hydrolysis. The current work constitutes the first study on the photodegradation of analogs of erectile dysfunction drugs and the first detection of two transformation products (m/z 449 and 489) in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Aceña
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Critical practical aspects in the application of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric studies for the characterization of impurities and degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:191-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim E, Kim H, Suh K, Kwon S, Lee G, Park NH, Hong J. Metabolite identification of a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor, HM781-36B, and a pharmacokinetic study by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1183-1195. [PMID: 23650031 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE HM781-36B (1-[4-[4-(3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy]-piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one hydrochloride) is a new anticancer drug to treat advanced solid tumors in clinical trial. In order to understand the behavior of HM781-36B in vitro and in vivo we validated an analytical method for HM781-36B and its major metabolites in plasma. METHODS In vivo and in vitro metabolism of HM781-36B was studied in dog plasma, urine and feces as well as using human and dog liver microsomes with extraction by ethyl acetate or methyl tert-butyl ether, respectively, and successfully separated by high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS). Ten metabolites were identified by LC/ESI-ion trap mass spectrometry (MS, MS(2) , MS(3) and MRM) and LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS for exact mass measurement. For accurate characterization of the major metabolites, authentic standards (M1, M2, M4, and M10) were synthesized. RESULTS Ten metabolites of HM781-36B in an in vitro mixture were separated and identified by LC/ESI-MS(n) . The MS/MS spectral patterns of the parent drug and metabolites exhibited two characteristic ions (A- and B-type ions) attributed to the cleavage of the ether bond between the piperidine ring and the quinazoline ring, providing important information on the site of chemical conversion during the metabolism. Six hydroxylated derivatives including dehalogenation and demethylation, two N-oxide forms, a demethylated form and de-acryloylpiperideine metabolites were observed. CONCLUSIONS The LC/ESI-ion trap MS(n) technique was effective in obtaining structural information and yielded diagnostic ions for the identification of diverse metabolites. The multiple metabolic pathways of HM781-36B were suggested in in vitro and in vivo samples and the dihydroxylation (M1) and demethylation (M2) appeared to be the major metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Analysis, Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong, Korea
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Le H, Ford KA, Khojasteh SC, Fan PW. Elucidation of the mechanism of ribose conjugation in a pyrazole-containing compound in rodent liver. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:236-45. [PMID: 22931212 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.715211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
1. Here we report on the mechanism of ribose conjugation, through NADH as a cofactor, of a pyrazole-containing compound (PT). Incubation of PT in rat liver microsomes supplemented with NADP⁺/H, NAD⁺/H, and β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) resulted in complete conjugation to the adenine dinucleotide phosphate conjugate (ADP-C), adenine dinucleotide conjugate (AD-C), and 5-phosphoribose conjugate (Rib-C1), respectively. In hepatocytes, PT predominantly formed three ribose conjugates: Rib-C1, the ribose conjugate (Rib-C2), and the carboxylic acid of Rib-C2 (Rib-C3). 2. Phosphatase inhibitors were added to hepatocyte incubations. AD-C was detected in this reaction, which suggests that one of the major pathways for the formation of the ribose conjugates is through NAD⁺/H. When AD-C was incubated with phosphatase, Rib-C1 and Rib-C2 formed. 3. To understand the in vivo relevance of this metabolic pathway, rats were dosed with PT and Rib-C2 was found in the urine. 4. Structure-activity relationship shows that replacement of the distal thiazole group in the PT to a phenyl group abolishes this conjugation. Three amino acid residues in the active site preferentially interact with the sulfur atom in the thiazole of PT. 5. In summary, PT forms direct AD-C in hepatocytes, which is further hydrolyzed by phosphatase to give ribose conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Le
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Eichhorn P, Pérez S, Aceña J, Gardinali P, Abad JL, Barceló D. Identification of phototransformation products of sildenafil (Viagra) and its N-demethylated human metabolite under simulated sunlight. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:701-711. [PMID: 22707162 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent publications on pharmaceutical monitoring are increasingly covering the field of illicit drugs and lately the forensic evaluation of designing illegal analogs of lifestyle drugs like the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors Viagra (sildenafil), Levitra (vardenafil) and Cialis (tadalafil). Recently, the presence of all three erectile dysfunction treatment drugs has been reported in wastewaters at very low concentrations. In the environment, contaminants undergo various physical or chemical processes classified into abiotic (photolysis, hydrolysis) and biotic (biodegradation) reactions. Thus, changes in the chemical structure lead to the formation of new transformation products, which may persist in the environment or be further degraded. This study describes the photolysis of sildenafil (SDF) and its human metabolite N-demethylsildenafil (DM-SDF) under simulated solar radiation (Xenon lamp). Following chromatographic separation of the irradiated samples, eight photoproducts in the SDF samples and six photoproducts for DM-SDF were detected and characterized. The combination of ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS), liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-QqQ-MS) and hydrogen/deuterium-exchange experiments allowed to propose plausible chemical structures for the photoproducts, taking into account the characteristic fragmentation patterns and the accurate mass measurements. These mass spectral data provided sound evidence for the susceptibility of the piperazine ring toward photodegradation. A gradual breakdown of this heterocyclic structure gave rise to a series of products, which in part were identical for SDF and DM-SDF. The sulfonic acid, as the formal product of sulfonamide hydrolysis, was identified as key intermediate in the photolysis pathway. In both drug/metabolite molecules, phototransformation processes taking place beyond the sulfonamide group were deemed to be of minor relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eichhorn
- IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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16
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In vitro phase I metabolism of the depsipeptide enniatin B. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2889-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Sridhar L, Karthikraj R, Murty MRVS, Raju NP, Vairamani M, Prabhakar S. Mass spectral analysis of N-oxides of Chemical Weapons Convention related aminoethanols under electrospray ionization conditions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:533-542. [PMID: 21259362 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Dialkylaminoethanols are the hydrolyzed products or precursors of chemical warfare agents such as V-agents and nitrogen mustards, and they are prone to undergo oxidation in environmental matrices or during decontamination processes. Consequently, screening of the oxidized products of aminoethanols in aqueous samples is an important task in the verification of chemical weapons convention-related chemicals. Here we report the successful characterization of the N-oxides of N,N'-dialkylaminoethanols, alkyl diethanolamines, and triethanolamine using positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the [M+H](+) and [M+Na](+) ions show diagnostic product ions that enable the unambiguous identification of the studied N-oxides, including those of isomeric compounds. The proposed fragmentation pathways are supported by high-resolution mass spectrometry data and product/precursor ion spectra. The CID spectra of [M+H](+) ions included [MH-CH(4)O(2)](+) as the key product ion, in addition to a distinctive alkene loss that allowed us to recognize the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen. The [M+Na](+) ions show characteristic product ions due to the loss of groups (R) attached to nitrogen either as a radical (R) or as a molecule [R+H or (R-H)] after hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sridhar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, A.P., India
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18
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Basic rules for the interpretation of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectra of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3908-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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