1
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Hollenback AJ, Jaisi DP. Position-Specific Oxygen Isotope Analysis in Inositol Phosphates by Using Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:2176-2186. [PMID: 39082822 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements obscure position-specific isotope distributions in molecular compounds because these measurements require an initial step that converts compounds into simple gases by combustion or pyrolysis. Here, we used electrospray ionization (ESI)-based Orbitrap mass spectrometry to measure oxygen isotope ratios in the phosphate and hydroxyl moieties of inositol phosphates. A thermal hydrolysis experiment was conducted using 18O-labeled water to examine the position-specific oxygen isotope exchange in inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) as well as its hydrolysis products IP5, IP3, and PO3 fragments. Measurement precisions of the position-specific and molecular-average oxygen isotope values of inositol phosphates were better than ±1.1‰ and ±0.5‰, respectively. Under optimized ionization and Orbitrap parameters, this level of precision was obtained within 30 min of run time at 60 μM initial concentration of inositol phosphate. The ability to measure phosphate-specific oxygen isotopes in inositol phosphate enabled the quantification of isotope exchange, which did not occur in phosphate on IP6, IP5, IP3, and PO3 fragments, meaning that the change in isotopes should have resulted from hydroxyls in the ring. Isotope mass balance calculations corroborated that hydroxyl oxygens are derived from 18O-labeled water. With the observed sensitivity and precision achieved in this study, Orbitrap IRMS proved to be a promising tool for investigating the position-specific oxygen isotopes in organophosphorus compounds. These outcomes open up numerous potential applications that can expand our understanding of phosphorus cycling in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hollenback
- Harker Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Deb P Jaisi
- Harker Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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2
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Ivanova B. Special Issue with Research Topics on "Recent Analysis and Applications of Mass Spectra on Biochemistry". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1995. [PMID: 38396673 PMCID: PMC10888122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Analytical mass spectrometry applies irreplaceable mass spectrometric (MS) methods to analytical chemistry and chemical analysis, among other areas of analytical science [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Gosset-Erard C, Aubriet F, Leize-Wagner E, François YN, Chaimbault P. Hyphenation of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with separation methods: The art of compromises and the possible - A review. Talanta 2023; 257:124324. [PMID: 36780779 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the online hyphenation of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with separation methods to date. The online coupling between separation techniques (gas and liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis) and FT-ICR MS essentially raises questions of compromise and is not look as straightforward as hyphenation with other analyzers (QTOF-MS for instance). FT-ICR MS requires time to reach its highest resolving power and accuracy in mass measurement capabilities whereas chromatographic and electrophoretic peaks are transient. In many applications, the strengths and the weaknesses of each technique are balanced by their hyphenation. Untargeted "Omics" (e.g. proteomics, metabolomics, petroleomics, …) is one of the main areas of application for FT-ICR MS hyphenated to online separation techniques because of the complexity of the sample. FT-ICR MS achieves the required high mass measurement accuracy to determine accurate molecular formulae and resolution for isobar distinction. Meanwhile separation techniques highlight isomers and reduce the ion suppression effects extending the dynamic range. Even if the implementation of FT-ICR MS hyphenated with online separation methods is a little trickier (the art of compromise), this review shows that it provides unparalleled results to the scientific community (the art of the possible), along with raising the issue of its future in the field with the relentless technological progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Gosset-Erard
- Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, F-57000, Metz, France; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de, Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de, Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Claesen J, Rockwood A, Gorshkov M, Valkenborg D. The isotope distribution: A rose with thorns. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 36744702 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The isotope distribution, which reflects the number and probabilities of occurrence of different isotopologues of a molecule, can be theoretically calculated. With the current generation of (ultra)-high-resolution mass spectrometers, the isotope distribution of molecules can be measured with high sensitivity, resolution, and mass accuracy. However, the observed isotope distribution can differ substantially from the expected isotope distribution. Although differences between the observed and expected isotope distribution can complicate the analysis and interpretation of mass spectral data, they can be helpful in a number of specific applications. These applications include, yet are not limited to, the identification of peptides in proteomics, elucidation of the elemental composition of small organic molecules and metabolites, as well as wading through peaks in mass spectra of complex bioorganic mixtures such as petroleum and humus. In this review, we give a nonexhaustive overview of factors that have an impact on the observed isotope distribution, such as elemental isotope deviations, ion sampling, ion interactions, electronic noise and dephasing, centroiding, and apodization. These factors occur at different stages of obtaining the isotope distribution: during the collection of the sample, during the ionization and intake of a molecule in a mass spectrometer, during the mass separation and detection of ionized molecules, and during signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Claesen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- I-Biostat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alan Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mikhail Gorshkov
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- I-Biostat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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5
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Nicolardi S, Kilgour DPA, Dolezal N, Drijfhout JW, Wuhrer M, van der Burgt YEM. Evaluation of Sibling and Twin Fragment Ions Improves the Structural Characterization of Proteins by Top-Down MALDI In-Source Decay Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5871-5881. [PMID: 32212639 PMCID: PMC7178258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Comprehensive determination
of primary sequence and identification
of post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key elements in protein
structural analysis. Various mass spectrometry (MS) based fragmentation
techniques are powerful approaches for mapping both the amino acid
sequence and PTMs; one of these techniques is matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization (MALDI), combined with in-source decay (ISD)
fragmentation and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)
MS. MALDI-ISD MS protein analysis involves only minimal sample preparation
and does not require spectral deconvolution. The resulting MALDI-ISD
MS data is complementary to electrospray ionization-based MS/MS sequencing
readouts, providing knowledge on the types of fragment ions is available.
In this study, we evaluate the isotopic distributions of z′ ions in protein top-down MALDI-ISD FT-ICR mass spectra and
show why these distributions can deviate from theoretical profiles
as a result of co-occurring and isomeric z and y-NH3 ions. Two synthetic peptides, containing
either normal or deuterated alanine residues, were used to confirm
the presence and unravel the identity of isomeric z and y-NH3 fragment ions (“twins”).
Furthermore, two reducing MALDI matrices, namely 1,5-diaminonaphthalene
and N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
were applied that yield ISD mass spectra with different fragment ion
distributions. This study demonstrates that the relative abundance
of isomeric z and y-NH3 ions requires consideration for accurate and confident assignments
of z′ ions in MALDI-ISD FT-ICR mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, ZA, The Netherlands
| | - David P A Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 0JN, United Kingdom
| | - Natasja Dolezal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, ZA, The Netherlands
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6
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Palacio Lozano DC, Gavard R, Arenas-Diaz JP, Thomas MJ, Stranz DD, Mejía-Ospino E, Guzman A, Spencer SEF, Rossell D, Barrow MP. Pushing the analytical limits: new insights into complex mixtures using mass spectra segments of constant ultrahigh resolving power. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6966-6978. [PMID: 31588263 PMCID: PMC6764280 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy has been developed for characterization of the most challenging complex mixtures to date, using a combination of custom-designed experiments and a new data pre-processing algorithm. In contrast to traditional methods, the approach enables operation of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with constant ultrahigh resolution at hitherto inaccessible levels (approximately 3 million FWHM, independent of m/z). The approach, referred to as OCULAR, makes it possible to analyze samples that were previously too complex, even for high field FT-ICR MS instrumentation. Previous FT-ICR MS studies have typically spanned a broad mass range with decreasing resolving power (inversely proportional to m/z) or have used a single, very narrow m/z range to produce data of enhanced resolving power; both methods are of limited effectiveness for complex mixtures spanning a broad mass range, however. To illustrate the enhanced performance due to OCULAR, we show how a record number of unique molecular formulae (244 779 elemental compositions) can be assigned in a single, non-distillable petroleum fraction without the aid of chromatography or dissociation (MS/MS) experiments. The method is equally applicable to other areas of research, can be used with both high field and low field FT-ICR MS instruments to enhance their performance, and represents a step-change in the ability to analyze highly complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Catalina Palacio Lozano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga , Colombia
| | - Remy Gavard
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Juan P Arenas-Diaz
- Department of Chemistry , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga , Colombia
| | - Mary J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | | | - Enrique Mejía-Ospino
- Department of Chemistry , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga , Colombia
| | - Alexander Guzman
- Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo , Ecopetrol , Piedecuesta , Colombia
| | - Simon E F Spencer
- Department of Statistics , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - David Rossell
- Department of Economics & Business , Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona 08005 , Spain
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
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7
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van Agthoven MA, Lam YPY, O'Connor PB, Rolando C, Delsuc MA. Two-dimensional mass spectrometry: new perspectives for tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2019; 48:213-229. [PMID: 30863873 PMCID: PMC6449292 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass analysers (FT-ICR MS) can offer the highest resolutions and mass accuracies in mass spectrometry. Mass spectra acquired in an FT-ICR MS can yield accurate elemental compositions of all compounds in a complex sample. Fragmentation caused by ion-neutral, ion-electron, or ion-photon interactions leads to more detailed structural information on compounds. The most often used method to correlate compounds and their fragment ions is to isolate the precursor ions from the sample before fragmentation. Two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2D MS) offers a method to correlate precursor and fragment ions without requiring precursor isolation. 2D MS therefore enables easy access to the fragmentation patterns of all compounds from complex samples. In this article, the principles of FT-ICR MS are reviewed and the 2D MS experiment is explained. Data processing for 2D MS is detailed, and the interpretation of 2D mass spectra is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A van Agthoven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Yuko P Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Christian Rolando
- MSAP USR 3290, Université Lille, Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Marc-André Delsuc
- Institut de Génétique, Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- CASC4DE, 20 avenue du Neuhof, 67100, Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Barbier Saint Hilaire P, Hohenester UM, Colsch B, Tabet JC, Junot C, Fenaille F. Evaluation of the High-Field Orbitrap Fusion for Compound Annotation in Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3030-3035. [PMID: 29425452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Annotation of signals of interest represents a key point in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies. The first level of investigation is the elemental composition, which can be deduced from accurately measured masses and isotope patterns. However, accuracy of these two parameters remains to be evaluated on last generation mass spectrometers to determine the level of confidence that can be used during the annotation process. In this context, we evaluated the performance of the Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer for the first time and demonstrated huge potential for metabolite annotation via elemental composition determination. This work was performed using a set of 50 standard compounds analyzed under LC/MS conditions in solvent and biological media. Accurate control of the number of trapped ions proved mandatory to avoid space charge effects, ensure sub-ppm mass accuracy (using external calibration), and reliable measurement of isotopic patterns at 500,000 resolution. On the basis of the results, we propose standard optimized experimental conditions for performing robust and accurate untargeted metabolomics on the Orbitrap Fusion at high mass measurement and mass spectral accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Barbier Saint Hilaire
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Ulli M Hohenester
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,Sorbonne Universités , Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA , Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
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9
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Kaufmann A, Walker S. Coalescence and self-bunching observed in commercial high-resolution mass spectrometry instrumentation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:503-515. [PMID: 29297948 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Self-bunching and coalescence are well-known effects in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and multi-reflection time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. These detrimental effects can also be observed in currently more frequently used high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) instruments, such as the Orbitrap and single-reflection TOF. METHODS A modern single-reflection TOF and a Q-Orbitrap were used to produce conditions in which self-bunching and coalescence were observed. This was done by infusion experiments of several isobaric compounds. The peak widths of some low mass isobaric ions as well as the mass resolution of such mixtures were investigated. Attention was paid to possible self-bunching and coalescence effects. RESULTS For the utilized TOF mass spectrometer, the measured peak widths of the ions become significantly narrower (self-bunching) when increasing the ion abundance. On the other hand, isobaric ion pairs (delta < 30 milli m/z units) became unresolvable above a certain ion abundance (coalescence). The tested Orbitrap shows similar behavior, although coalescence appeared only at delta <15 milli m/z units. Coalescence was shown to affect the quantitative data, while self-bunching can lead to biased relative isotopic ratios. CONCLUSIONS The conventional measurement of a peak width does not truly reflect the mass resolving power of modern HRMS instrumentation. The mass resolving power is better demonstrated by resolving a mixture of isobaric compounds. Measurements obtained at low and high ion abundances should be investigated. Coalescence and self-bunching can reduce the truly available mass resolving power and therefore negatively affect quantitative and qualitative measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Walker
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Benigni P, Fernandez-Lima F. Oversampling Selective Accumulation Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to FT-ICR MS: Fundamentals and Applications. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7404-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benigni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Biomolecular Sciences
Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Biomolecular Sciences
Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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11
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Kostyukevich YI, Kharybin ON, Kononikhin AS, Popov IA, Nikolaev EN. Deuterium–hydrogen exchange reactions in peptides and polyatomic organic compounds, as studied on an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with an ion trap with dynamic harmonization. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143916030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Nikolaev EN, Kostyukevich YI, Vladimirov GN. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) mass spectrometry: Theory and simulations. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:219-58. [PMID: 24515872 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) mass spectrometer offers highest resolving power and mass accuracy among all types of mass spectrometers. Its unique analytical characteristics made FT ICR important tool for proteomics, metabolomics, petroleomics, and investigation of complex mixtures. Signal acquisition in FT ICR MS takes long time (up to minutes). During this time ion-ion interaction considerably affects ion motion and result in decreasing of the resolving power. Understanding of those effects required complicated theory and supercomputer simulations but culminated in the invention of the ion trap with dynamic harmonization which demonstrated the highest resolving power ever achieved. In this review we summarize latest achievements in theory and simulation of FT ICR mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene N Nikolaev
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k. 2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury I Kostyukevich
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k. 2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Gleb N Vladimirov
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k. 2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Dittwald P, Valkenborg D, Claesen J, Rockwood AL, Gambin A. On the Fine Isotopic Distribution and Limits to Resolution in Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1732-45. [PMID: 26265039 PMCID: PMC4565875 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry enables the study of increasingly larger biomolecules with increasingly higher resolution, which is able to distinguish between fine isotopic variants having the same additional nucleon count, but slightly different masses. Therefore, the analysis of the fine isotopic distribution becomes an interesting research topic with important practical applications. In this paper, we propose the comprehensive methodology for studying the basic characteristics of the fine isotopic distribution. Our approach uses a broad spectrum of methods ranging from generating functions--that allow us to estimate the variance and the information theory entropy of the distribution--to the theory of thermal energy fluctuations. Having characterized the variance, spread, shape, and size of the fine isotopic distribution, we are able to indicate limitations to high resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, the analysis of "thermorelativistic" effects (i.e., mass uncertainty attributable to relativistic effects coupled with the statistical mechanical uncertainty of the energy of an isolated ion), in turn, gives us an estimate of impassable limits of isotopic resolution (understood as the ability to distinguish fine structure peaks), which can be moved further only by cooling the ions. The presented approach highlights the potential of theoretical analysis of the fine isotopic distribution, which allows modeling the data more accurately, aiming to support the successful experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dittwald
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Applied Bio and Molecular Systems, VITO, Mol, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics, University of Anwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- ARUP Laboratories, a Nonprofit Enterprise of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Anna Gambin
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Rockwood AL, Erve JCL. Mass spectral peak distortion due to Fourier transform signal processing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:2163-76. [PMID: 25261219 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Distortions of peaks can occur when one uses the standard method of signal processing of data from the Orbitrap and other FT-based methods of mass spectrometry. These distortions arise because the standard method of signal processing is not a linear process. If one adds two or more functions, such as time-dependent signals from a Fourier transform mass spectrometer and performs a linear operation on the sum, the result is the same as if the operation was performed on separate functions and the results added. If this relationship is not valid, the operation is non-linear and can produce unexpected and/or distorted results. Although the Fourier transform itself is a linear operator, the standard algorithm for processing spectra in Fourier transform-based methods include non-linear mathematical operators such that spectra processed by the standard algorithm may become distorted. The most serious consequence is that apparent abundances of the peaks in the spectrum may be incorrect. In light of these considerations, we performed theoretical modeling studies to illustrate several distortion effects that can be observed, including abundance distortions. In addition, we discuss experimental systems where these effects may manifest, including suggested systems for study that should demonstrate these peak distortions. Finally, we point to several examples in the literature where peak distortions may be rationalized by the phenomena presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA,
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15
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Werner T, Sweetman G, Savitski MF, Mathieson T, Bantscheff M, Savitski MM. Ion coalescence of neutron encoded TMT 10-plex reporter ions. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3594-601. [PMID: 24579773 DOI: 10.1021/ac500140s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isobaric mass tag-based quantitative proteomics strategies such as iTRAQ and TMT utilize reporter ions in the low mass range of tandem MS spectra for relative quantification. The recent extension of TMT multiplexing to 10 conditions has been enabled by utilizing neutron encoded tags with reporter ion m/z differences of 6 mDa. The baseline resolution of these closely spaced tags is possible due to the high resolving power of current day mass spectrometers. In this work we evaluated the performance of the TMT10 isobaric mass tags on the Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometers for the first time and demonstrated comparable quantification accuracy and precision to what can be achieved on the Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometers. However, we discovered, upon analysis of complex proteomics samples on the Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometers, that the proximate TMT10 reporter ion pairs become prone to coalescence. The fusion of the different reporter ion signals into a single measurable entity has a detrimental effect on peptide and protein quantification. We established that the main reason for coalescence is the commonly accepted maximum ion target for MS2 spectra of 1e6 on the Q Exactive instruments. The coalescence artifact was completely removed by lowering the maximum ion target for MS2 spectra from 1e6 to 2e5 without any losses in identification depth or quantification quality of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Werner
- Cellzome GmbH , Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Li H, Wolff JJ, Van Orden SL, Loo JA. Native top-down electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of 158 kDa protein complex by high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:317-20. [PMID: 24313806 PMCID: PMC3908771 DOI: 10.1021/ac4033214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) delivers high resolving power, mass measurement accuracy, and the capabilities for unambiguously sequencing by a top-down MS approach. Here, we report isotopic resolution of a 158 kDa protein complex, tetrameric aldolase with an average absolute deviation of 0.36 ppm and an average resolving power of ~520 000 at m/z 6033 for the 26+ charge state in magnitude mode. Phase correction further improves the resolving power and average absolute deviation by 1.3-fold. Furthermore, native top-down electron capture dissociation (ECD) enables the sequencing of 168 C-terminal amino acid (AA) residues out of 463 total AAs. Combining the data from top-down MS of native and denatured aldolase complexes, a total of 56% of the total backbone bonds were cleaved. The observation of complementary product ion pairs confirms the correctness of the sequence and also the accuracy of the mass fitting of the isotopic distribution of the aldolase tetramer. Top-down MS of the native protein provides complementary sequence information to top-down ECD and collisonally activated dissociation (CAD) MS of the denatured protein. Moreover, native top-down ECD of aldolase tetramer reveals that ECD fragmentation is not limited only to the flexible regions of protein complexes and that regions located on the surface topology are prone to ECD cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Wolff
- Bruker Daltonics, 40 Manning Road, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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17
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Grinfeld D, Giannakopulos AE, Kopaev I, Makarov A, Monastyrskiy M, Skoblin M. Space-charge effects in an electrostatic multireflection ion trap. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:131-142. [PMID: 24895773 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The multireflection ion traps with isochronous properties offer a Lot of opportunities for time-of-flight mass spectrometry by elongation of the ion path, thus preserving the compact dimensions of an instrument. We have built and tested a two-mirror linear trap that provides at least 80,000 mass-resolving power. Although the mass resolution appears promising, there are substantial limitations that arise from Coulomb interactions of the trapped ions. Among these, the mutual repulsion of ions with same or close mass-to-charge ratios appears dominant, resulting in counterintuitive motion synchronization. The self-bunching and coalescence effects are also examined by numerical simulation.
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18
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Ruddy BM, Blakney GT, Rodgers RP, Hendrickson CL, Marshall AG. Elemental composition validation from stored waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) isolation FT-ICR MS isotopic fine structure. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1608-1611. [PMID: 23918460 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elemental composition assignment confidence in mass spectrometry is typically assessed by monoisotopic mass accuracy. For a given mass accuracy, resolution and detection of other isotopologues can further narrow the number of possible elemental compositions. However, such measurements require ultrahigh resolving power and high dynamic range, particularly for compounds containing low numbers of nitrogen and oxygen (both (15)N and (18)O occur at less than 0.4% natural abundance). Here, we demonstrate validation of molecular formula assignment from isotopic fine structure, based on ultrahigh resolution broadband Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Dynamic range is enhanced by external quadrupole and internal stored waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) isolation to facilitate detection of low abundance heavy atom isotopologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Ruddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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19
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G Marshall A, T Blakney G, Chen T, K Kaiser N, M McKenna A, P Rodgers R, M Ruddy B, Xian F. Mass resolution and mass accuracy: how much is enough? Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:S0009. [PMID: 24349928 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate mass measurement requires the highest possible mass resolution, to ensure that only a single elemental composition contributes to the mass spectral peak in question. Although mass resolution is conventionally defined as the closest distinguishable separation between two peaks of equal height and width, the required mass resolving power can be ∼10× higher for equal width peaks whose peak height ratio is 100 : 1. Ergo, minimum resolving power requires specification of maximum dynamic range, and is thus 10-100× higher than the conventional definition. Mass resolving power also depends on mass-to-charge ratio. Mass accuracy depends on mass spectral signal-to-noise ratio and digital resolution. Finally, the reliability of elemental composition assignment can be improved by resolution of isotopic fine structure. Thus, the answer to the question of "how much is enough mass resolving power" requires that one first specify S/N ratio, dynamic range, digital resolution, mass-to-charge ratio, and (if available) isotopic fine structure. The highest available broadband mass resolving power and mass accuracy is from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Over the past five years, FT-ICR MS mass accuracy has improved by about an order of magnitude, based on higher magnetic field strength, conditional averaging of time-domain transients, better mass calibration (spectral segmentation; inclusion of a space charge term); radially dispersed excitation; phase correction to yield absorption-mode display; and new ICR cell segmentation designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University ; Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
| | - Greg T Blakney
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University
| | - Nathan K Kaiser
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
| | - Amy M McKenna
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University ; Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
| | - Brian M Ruddy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University
| | - Feng Xian
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
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20
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Zaikin VG, Sysoev AA. Review: mass spectrometry in Russia. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2013; 19:399-452. [PMID: 24378462 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers the main research in the area of mass spectrometry from the 1990s which was about the same time as the Russian Federation emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR). It consists of two main parts-application of mass spectrometry to chemistry and related fields and creation and development of mass spectrometric technique. Both traditional and comparatively new mass spectrometric methods were used to solve various problems in organic chemistry (reactivity of gas-phase ions, structure elucidation and problems of identification, quantitative and trace analysis, differentiation of stereoisomers, derivatization approaches etc.), biochemistry (proteomics and peptidomics, lipidomics), medical chemistry (mainly the search of biomarkers, pharmacology, doping control), environmental, petrochemistry, polymer chemistry, inorganic and physical chemistry, determination of natural isotope ratio etc. Although a lot of talented mass spectrometrists left Russia and moved abroad after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the vitality of the mass spectral community proved to be rather high, which allowed the continuation of new developments in the field of mass spectrometric instrumentation. They are devoted to improvements in traditional magnetic sector mass spectrometers and the development of new ion source types, to analysis and modification of quadrupole, time-of-flight (ToF) and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analyzers. The most important achievements are due to the creation of multi-reflecting ToF mass analyzers. Special attention was paid to the construction of compact mass spectrometers, particularly for space exploration, of combined instruments, such as ion mobility spectrometer/mass spectrometer and accelerating mass spectrometers. The comparatively young Russian Mass Spectrometry Society is working hard to consolidate the mass spectrometrists from Russia and foreign countries, to train young professionals on new appliances and regularly holds conferences on mass spectrometry. For ten years, a special journal Mass-spektrometria has published papers on all disciplines of mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander A Sysoev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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Croley TR, White KD, Callahan JH, Musser SM. The chromatographic role in high resolution mass spectrometry for non-targeted analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1569-78. [PMID: 22711514 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Resolution improvements in time-of-flight instrumentation and the emergence of the Orbitrap mass spectrometer have researchers using high resolution mass spectrometry to determine elemental compositions and performing screening methods based on the full-scan data from these instruments. This work is focused on examining instrument performance of both a QTOF and a bench-top Orbitrap. In this study, the impact of chromatographic resolution on mass measurement accuracy, mass measurement precision, and ion suppression is examined at a fundamental level. This work was extended to a mixture of over 200 pesticides to determine how well two different software algorithms componentized and correctly identified these compounds under different sets of chromatographic conditions, where co-elution was expected to vary markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Croley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20770, USA.
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22
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Miladinović SM, Kozhinov AN, Gorshkov MV, Tsybin YO. On the Utility of Isotopic Fine Structure Mass Spectrometry in Protein Identification. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4042-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2034584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saša M. Miladinović
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry
Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anton N. Kozhinov
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry
Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail V. Gorshkov
- Institute for Energy Problems
of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury O. Tsybin
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry
Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Vladimirov G, Hendrickson CL, Blakney GT, Marshall AG, Heeren RMA, Nikolaev EN. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass resolution and dynamic range limits calculated by computer modeling of ion cloud motion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:375-384. [PMID: 22033889 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Particle-in-Cell (PIC) ion trajectory calculations provide the most realistic simulation of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) experiments by efficient and accurate calculation of the forces acting on each ion in an ensemble (cloud), including Coulomb interactions (space charge), the electric field of the ICR trap electrodes, image charges on the trap electrodes, the magnetic field, and collisions with neutral gas molecules. It has been shown recently that ion cloud collective behavior is required to generate an FT-ICR signal and that two main phenomena influence mass resolution and dynamic range. The first is formation of an ellipsoidal ion cloud (termed "condensation") at a critical ion number (density), which facilitates signal generation in an FT-ICR cell of arbitrary geometry because the condensed cloud behaves as a quasi-ion. The second phenomenon is peak coalescence. Ion resonances that are closely spaced in m/z coalesce into one resonance if the ion number (density) exceeds a threshold that depends on magnetic field strength, ion cyclotron radius, ion masses and mass difference, and ion initial spatial distribution. These two phenomena decrease dynamic range by rapid cloud dephasing at small ion density and by cloud coalescence at high ion density. Here, we use PIC simulations to quantitate the dependence of coalescence on each critical parameter. Transitions between independent and coalesced motion were observed in a series of the experiments that systematically varied ion number, magnetic field strength, ion radius, ion m/z, ion m/z difference, and ion initial spatial distribution (the present simulations begin from elliptically-shaped ion clouds with constant ion density distribution). Our simulations show that mass resolution is constant at a given magnetic field strength with increasing ion number until a critical value (N) is reached. N dependence on magnetic field strength, cyclotron radius, ion mass, and difference between ion masses was determined for two ion ensembles of different m/z, equal abundance, and equal cyclotron radius. We find that N and dynamic range depend quadratically on magnetic field strength in the range 1-21 Tesla. Dependences on cyclotron radius and Δm/z are linear. N depends on m/z as (m/z)(-2). Empirical expressions for mass resolution as a function of each of the experimental parameters are presented. Here, we provide the first exposition of the origin and extent of trade-off between FT-ICR MS dynamic range and mass resolution (defined not as line width, but as the separation between the most closely resolved masses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Vladimirov
- The Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
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24
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Valeja SG, Kaiser NK, Xian F, Hendrickson CL, Rouse JC, Marshall AG. Unit mass baseline resolution for an intact 148 kDa therapeutic monoclonal antibody by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8391-5. [PMID: 22011246 PMCID: PMC3215840 DOI: 10.1021/ac202429c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) provides the highest mass resolving power and mass measurement accuracy for unambiguous identification of biomolecules. Previously, the highest-mass protein for which FTICR unit mass resolution had been obtained was 115 kDa at 7 T. Here, we present baseline resolution for an intact 147.7 kDa monoclonal antibody (mAb), by prior dissociation of noncovalent adducts, optimization of detected total ion number, and optimization of ICR cell parameters to minimize space charge shifts, peak coalescence, and destructive ion cloud Coulombic interactions. The resultant long ICR transient lifetime (as high as 20 s) results in magnitude-mode mass resolving power of ~420,000 at m/z 2,593 for the 57+ charge state (the highest mass for which baseline unit mass resolution has been achieved), auguring for future characterization of even larger intact proteins and protein complexes by FTICR MS. We also demonstrate up to 80% higher resolving power by phase correction to yield an absorption-mode mass spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh G. Valeja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Nathan K. Kaiser
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005
| | - Feng Xian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Christopher L. Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005
| | - Jason C. Rouse
- Analytical Research & Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., One Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310-4005
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25
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Nakata MT, Hart GW, Peterson BG. Peak coalescence, spontaneous loss of coherence, and quantification of the relative abundances of two species in the plasma regime: particle-in-cell modeling of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1712-1719. [PMID: 20621505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) is often limited by space-charge effects. Previously, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have been used to understand these effects on FTICR-MS signals. However, none have extended fully into the space-charge dominated (plasma) regime. We use a two-dimensional (2-D) electrostatic PIC code, which facilitates work at very high number densities at modest computational cost to study FTICR-MS in the plasma regime. In our simulation, we have observed peak coalescence and the rapid loss of signal coherence, two common experimental problems. This demonstrates that a 2-D model can simulate these effects. The 2-D code can handle a larger numbers of particles and finer spatial resolution than can currently be addressed by 3-D models. The PIC method naturally takes into account image charge and space charge effects in trapped-ion mass spectrometry. We found we can quantify the relative abundances of two closely spaced (such as (7)Be(+) and (7)Li(+)) species in the plasma regime even when their peaks have coalesced. We find that the frequency of the coalesced peak shifts linearly according to the relative abundances of these species. Space charge also affects more widely spaced lines. Singly-ionized (7)BeH and (7)Li have two separate peaks in the plasma regime. Both the frequency and peak area vary nonlinearly with their relative abundances. Under some conditions, the signal exhibited a rapid loss of coherence. We found that this is due to a high order diocotron instability growing in the ion cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takeshi Nakata
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Karabacak NM, Easterling ML, Agar N, Agar JN. Transformative effects of higher magnetic field in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1218-22. [PMID: 20444622 PMCID: PMC2902155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of magnetic field strength and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry performance was tested using three instruments with the same design but different fields of 4.7, 7, and 9.4 tesla. We found that the theoretically predicted "transformative" effects of magnetic field are indeed observed experimentally. The most striking effects were that mass accuracy demonstrated approximately second to third order improvement with the magnetic field, depending upon the charge state of the analyte, and that peak splitting, which prohibited automated data analysis at 4.7 T, was not observed at 9.4 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Murat Karabacak
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | | | - N.Y.R. Agar
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, 221, Longwood Avenue, BLI-137, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N. Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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