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Lenhart K, Behrendt T, Greiner S, Steinkamp J, Well R, Giesemann A, Keppler F. Nitrous oxide effluxes from plants as a potentially important source to the atmosphere. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1398-1408. [PMID: 30303249 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The global budget for nitrous oxide (N2 O), an important greenhouse gas and probably dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century, is far from being fully understood. Cycling of N2 O in terrestrial ecosystems has traditionally exclusively focused on gas exchange between the soil surface (nitrification-denitrification processes) and the atmosphere. Terrestrial vegetation has not been considered in the global budget so far, even though plants are known to release N2 O. Here, we report the N2 O emission rates of 32 plant species from 22 different families measured under controlled laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the first isotopocule values (δ15 N, δ18 O and δ15 Nsp ) of N2 O emitted from plants were determined. A robust relationship established between N2 O emission and CO2 respiration rates, which did not alter significantly over a broad range of changing environmental conditions, was used to quantify plant-derived emissions on an ecosystem scale. Stable isotope measurements (δ15 N, δ18 O and δ15 Nsp ) of N2 O emitted by plants clearly show that the dual isotopocule fingerprint of plant-derived N2 O differs from that of currently known microbial or chemical processes. Our work suggests that vegetation is a natural source of N2 O in the environment with a large fraction released by a hitherto unrecognized process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lenhart
- Bingen University of Applied Sciences, Berlinstr. 109, Bingen, 55411, Germany
- Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrendt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Steffen Greiner
- Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinkamp
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 12, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig, D-38116, Germany
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig, D-38116, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Stocker BD, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Finzi AC, Prentice IC. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO 2 governed by plant-soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:507-522. [PMID: 29105765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants' ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2 , but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N-fixing microbes. We found that N-acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N-fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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Wang Y, Yu Z, Li Y, Wang G, Liu J, Liu J, Liu X, Jin J. Microbial association with the dynamics of particulate organic carbon in response to the amendment of elevated CO 2-derived wheat residue into a Mollisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:972-981. [PMID: 28724229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the chemical quality of crop residue is likely to be affected by elevated CO2 (eCO2), residue amendments may influence soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, in Mollisols, the dynamics of the SOC fractions in response to amendment with wheat residue produced under eCO2 and the corresponding microbial community composition remain unknown. Such investigation is essential to residue management, which affects the soil quality and productivity of future farming systems. To narrow this knowledge gap, 13C-labeled shoot and root residue derived from ambient CO2 (aCO2) or eCO2 were amended into Mollisols and incubated for 200days. The soil was sampled during the incubation period to determine the residue-C retained in the three SOC fractions, i.e., coarse intra-aggregate particulate organic C (coarse iPOC), fine iPOC and mineral-associated organic C (MOC). The soil bacterial community was assessed using a MiSeq sequencing instrument. The results showed that the increase in SOC concentrations attributable to the application of the wheat residue primarily occurred in the coarse iPOC fraction. Compared with the aCO2-derived shoot residue, the amendment of eCO2-derived shoot residue resulted in greater SOC concentrations, whereas no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the aCO2- and eCO2-derived roots. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the residue amendment significantly (P≤0.05) altered the bacterial community composition compared with the non-residue amendment. Additionally, the bacterial community in the aCO2-derived shoot treatment differed from those in the other residue treatments until day 200 of the incubation period. The eCO2-derived shoot treatment significantly increased (P≤0.05) the relative abundances of the genera Acidobacteriaceae_(Subgroup_1)_uncultured, Bryobacter, Candidatus_Solibacter, Gemmatimonas and Nitrosomonadaceae_uncultured, whereas the opposite trend was observed in Nonomuraea, Actinomadura, Streptomyces and Arthrobacter (P≤0.05). These results imply that the response of the microbial community to the eCO2-derived shoot treatment is associated with its contribution to the POC fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Judong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China; Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Jansen-Willems AB, Lanigan GJ, Grünhage L, Müller C. Carbon cycling in temperate grassland under elevated temperature. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7856-7868. [PMID: 30128135 PMCID: PMC6093167 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed over the last century, and it is predicted to further increase in the future. The effect of increased temperature on ecosystem carbon fluxes in a permanent temperate grassland was studied in a long‐term (6 years) field experiment, using multiple temperature increments induced by IR lamps. Ecosystem respiration (R‐eco) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were measured and modeled by a modified Lloyd and Taylor model including a soil moisture component for R‐eco (average R2 of 0.78) and inclusion of a photosynthetic component based on temperature and radiation for NEE (R2 = 0.65). Modeled NEE values ranged between 2.3 and 5.3 kg CO2 m−2 year−1, depending on treatment. An increase of 2 or 3°C led to increased carbon losses, lowering the carbon storage potential by around 4 tonnes of C ha−1 year−1. The majority of significant NEE differences were found during night‐time compared to daytime. This suggests that during daytime the increased respiration could be offset by an increase in photosynthetic uptake. This was also supported by differences in δ13C and δ18O, indicating prolonged increased photosynthetic activity associated with the higher temperature treatments. However, this increase in photosynthesis was insufficient to counteract the 24 h increase in respiration, explaining the higher CO2 emissions due to elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Jansen-Willems
- Teagasc Johnstown Castle Wexford, Co. Wexford Ireland.,Department of Experimental Plant Ecology (IFZ) JLU Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35390 Giessen Germany
| | | | - Ludger Grünhage
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology (IFZ) JLU Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35390 Giessen Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology (IFZ) JLU Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35390 Giessen Germany.,School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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