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Kim D, Kim S, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Loh A, Kim S. Determination of anthropogenic organics in dichlomethane extracts of aerosol particulate matter collected from four different locations in China and Republic of Korea by GC-MS and FTICR-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150230. [PMID: 34536876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hypothesis that particulate matter in east of Korea peninsula would be significantly influenced by particulate matter originated from east of China was evaluated. To test the hypothesis, water-insoluble compounds in particulate matter samples collected from three different locations in Korea and one in China were characterized by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Each sample was collected twice, in winter and in spring. The GC-MS data revealed the presence of high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]anthracene in the samples from Tianjin, China. The sample collected in the winter from Baengnyeong Island, which is the location in Korea that is geographically closest to the east coast of China was also rich in aromatic compounds. Meanwhile, the APPI FTICR-MS data showed that polycondensed PAHs and two- to four-ring PAHs with long alkyl chains were abundant in the winter samples from Tianjin and Baengnyeong Island which stems most likely from coal combustion in the eastern China. In contrast, nonaromatic compounds with a biogenic origin were mostly observed in samples collected from islands located in eastern (Ulleung Island) and southern (Jeju Island) Korea. A principal component analysis by FTICR-MS and GC-MS also showed that the samples from Tianjin and those collected from Baengnyeong Island in the winter are strongly associated with coal combustion, whereas the other samples are mainly influenced by vehicle emissions. Therefore, it is concluded that the atmosphere from east of China has significant influence over atmosphere in west of Korea peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Lee H, Kum D, Tae H, Cha S, Kim D, Kim S. Mechanism behind the paper spray chemical ionization phenomenon and the choice of solvent. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4602. [PMID: 32710504 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray chemical ionization (PSCI) combined with mass spectrometry has been proposed as a sensitive method for the analysis of nonpolar aromatic compounds; however, the mechanism behind PSCI is not well understood. In the present study, the evidence for the occurrence of corona discharge is provided and its mechanism is proposed. Photographs taken with a highly sensitive camera evidently demonstrate the occurrence of corona discharge at the end of the triangular shape tip when a nonpolar solvent such as hexane was used at an applied potential of 6-7 kV. Nevertheless, corona discharge was not observed in the presence of a polar solvent. The occurrence of the corona discharge was attributed to charge accumulation in the dielectric layer generated by the nonpolar solvent on the fibers of the paper tip. Specifically, corona discharge was generated at the tip end when the charge approached a critical threshold. In the presence of a polar solvent, however, the dielectric layer was not generated and, hence, corona discharge was not observed. Based on this information, three nonpolar solvents were selected and their sensitivity for analyzing the phenanthrene and maltene fractions of crude oil was evaluated. Chlorobenzene provided the highest signal abundance; therefore, it was suggested as the optimum solvent for PSCI. Notably, the fundamental understanding of corona discharge in PSCI acquired in this study provides a basis for further improvement of this technique by way of surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Kum
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsik Tae
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Son S, Kim S, Yim YH, Kim S. Reproducibility of Crude Oil Spectra Obtained with Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9465-9471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center & Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Tang C, Tan J, Fan Y, Peng X. Ascertaining Hydrogen-Abstraction Reaction Efficiencies of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Electron Impact Ionization Processes by Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8496-8507. [PMID: 32337410 PMCID: PMC7178364 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
H-Abstraction reactions occurring during electron impact ionization processes in electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) are a long-standing and crucial topic in MS research. Yet, some critical relevant mechanisms are controversial and ambiguous, and information about the EI-induced H-abstraction reactions of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) is completely in the dark. This study provides a systematic investigation of H-abstraction reactions of HOCs taking place in the EI source using 13C6-hexachlorobenzene (13C6-HCB) and 13C6-hexabromobenzene (13C6-HBB) as exemplary compounds by gas chromatography (GC)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). The H-abstraction efficiencies were evaluated with the MS signal intensity ratios of ions with H-abstraction relative to the corresponding original ions (without H-abstraction). Ion source temperatures, EI energies, and numbers of heavy isotope atoms (37Cl or 81Br) of isotopologues were investigated in terms of their effects on the H-abstraction efficiencies. The H-abstraction efficiencies of individual isotopologues generally decreased from the first to the last isotopologues of respective ions, and those of individual ions were different from each other, with the highest values of 0.017 and 0.444 for 13C6-HCB and 13C6-HBB, respectively. The overall H-abstraction efficiencies involving all measured ions of 13C6-HCB and 13C6-HBB were 0.004 and 0.128, respectively. With increasing ion source temperatures, the H-abstraction efficiencies first increased to a summit and then began to linearly decrease. EI energies and emission currents could impact the H-abstraction efficiencies but showed no certain tendency. The H-abstraction reactions were inferred to belong to ion-molecule reactions, and the siloxanes bleeding from the GC column might be a hydrogen source. Some strategies were proposed for eliminating or alleviating the interference triggered by the H-abstraction reactions in EI-MS in identification of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs). Our findings provide a better understanding of the EI-induced H-abstraction reactions of HOCs and may benefit the identification of HOPs in environmental analysis, especially for novel HOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou
Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 510110, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ahmed A, Islam S, Solihat NN, Acter T, Kim S. Systematic Investigation into the Differences in the (+) APPI Efficiencies of Positional (Ortho, Meta, and Para) Isomers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Syful Islam
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Research Center for BiomaterialsIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical SciencesEast West University Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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Kostyukevich Y, Zherebker A, Vlaskin MS, Borisova L, Nikolaev E. Microprobe for the Thermal Analysis of Crude Oil Coupled to Photoionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8756-8763. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya Street, 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya Street, 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
| | | | - Ludmila Borisova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Miasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya Street, 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
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