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Spinelli P, Fields AM, Falcone S, Mesaros C, Susiarjo M. Susceptibility to Low Vitamin B6 Diet-induced Gestational Diabetes Is Modulated by Strain Differences in Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad130. [PMID: 37624591 PMCID: PMC10686696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy complication that adversely influences the health and survival of mother and child. Pancreatic islet serotonin signaling plays an important role in β-cell proliferation in pregnancy, and environmental and genetic factors that disrupt serotonin signaling are associated with gestational diabetes in mice. Our previous studies show that pregnant C57BL/6J mice fed a diet that is low in vitamin B6, a critical co-factor in serotonin synthesis, develop hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, phenotypes that are consistent with gestational diabetes in humans. The current study shows that, unlike in the C57BL/6J mice, low vitamin B6 diet does not alter glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in pregnant DBA/2J mice. The hypothesis to be tested in the current study is that pregnant DBA/2J mice are protected against low vitamin B6-induced gestational diabetes due to their higher expression and enzymatic activities of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) relative to C57BL/6J. ALPL is a rate-limiting enzyme that regulates vitamin B6 bioavailability. Interestingly, treating pregnant DBA/2J mice with 7.5 mg/kg/day of the ALPL inhibitor SBI-425 is associated with glucose intolerance in low vitamin B6-fed mice, implying that inhibition of ALPL activity is sufficient to modulate resilience to low vitamin B6-induced metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinelli
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ashley M Fields
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sierra Falcone
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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2
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Chen L, Pan H, Zhai G, Luo Q, Li Y, Fang C, Shi F. Widespread occurrence of in-source fragmentation in the analysis of natural compounds by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9519. [PMID: 37038638 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The in-source fragmentation (ISF) of analyte or co-eluting substances produces unintentional fragment ions, which hampers identification and quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Natural compounds derived from plants also contain fragile moieties that may undergo ISF. However, the characteristics of ISF of natural compounds in LC/MS are still unclear. METHODS The ISF behavior of 214 natural compounds was assayed in LC with Q/orbitrap MS in electrospray ionization (ESI) mode and the extent of ISF was evaluated. RESULTS Up to 82% of tested compounds underwent ISF and half of the tested natural compounds that contain more than one fragile moiety underwent successive and severe ISF to generate serial structurally related ISF products. The major ISF-altering moieties for natural compounds were hydroxyl, lactone, glycosyl and ether, resulting in neutral loss of H2 O or CO, deglycosylation or cleavage of ether bond, respectively. Some compounds such as terpenoids underwent severe ISF and less than 1% parent form can be observed. For natural compounds, ISF products with similar structures are more likely to cause interference in analysis because the ISF products may share identical mass-to-charge ratio and similar MS2 fragmentation patterns with precursor ions of the homologs in plants. Furthermore, severe ISF may cause a false negative in the identification of the parent form. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ISF was a highly frequent phenomenon for analysis of natural compounds by LC/ESI-MS, and extensive and successive ISF of natural products may cause misannotation and misidentification with homologs in plants. The study should raise awareness of ISF interference during the analysis of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guohong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Nelson AB, Chow LS, Hughey CC, Crawford PA, Puchalska P. Artifactual FA dimers mimic FAHFA signals in untargeted metabolomics pipelines. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100201. [PMID: 35315332 PMCID: PMC9034316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
FA esters of hydroxy FAs (FAHFAs) are lipokines with extensive structural and regional isomeric diversity that impact multiple physiological functions, including insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Because of their low molar abundance, FAHFAs are typically quantified using highly sensitive LC-MS/MS methods. Numerous relevant MS databases house in silico-spectra that allow identification and speciation of FAHFAs. These provisional chemical feature assignments provide a useful starting point but could lead to misidentification. To address this possibility, we analyzed human serum with a commonly applied high-resolution LC-MS untargeted metabolomics platform. We found that many chemical features are putatively assigned to the FAHFA lipid class based on exact mass and fragmentation patterns matching spectral databases. Careful validation using authentic standards revealed that many investigated signals provisionally assigned as FAHFAs are in fact FA dimers formed in the LC-MS pipeline. These isobaric FA dimers differ structurally only by the presence of an olefinic bond. Furthermore, stable isotope-labeled oleic acid spiked into human serum at subphysiological concentrations showed concentration-dependent formation of a diverse repertoire of FA dimers that analytically mimicked FAHFAs. Conversely, validated FAHFA species did not form spontaneously in the LC-MS pipeline. Together, these findings underscore that FAHFAs are endogenous lipid species. However, nonbiological FA dimers forming in the setting of high concentrations of FFAs can be misidentified as FAHFAs. Based on these results, we assembled a FA dimer database to identify nonbiological FA dimers in untargeted metabolomics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa B Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Curtis C Hughey
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Chandramouleeswaran PM, Guha M, Shimonosono M, Whelan KA, Maekawa H, Sachdeva UM, Ruthel G, Mukherjee S, Engel N, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou J, Ohashi S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mesaros CA, Blair IA, Pellegrino da Silva R, Hakonarson H, Noguchi E, Baur JA, Nakagawa H. Autophagy mitigates ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239625. [PMID: 32966340 PMCID: PMC7510980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During alcohol consumption, the esophageal mucosa is directly exposed to high concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). We therefore investigated the response of normal human esophageal epithelial cell lines EPC1, EPC2 and EPC3 to acute EtOH exposure. While these cells were able to tolerate 2% EtOH for 8 h in both three-dimensional organoids and monolayer culture conditions, RNA sequencing suggested that EtOH induced mitochondrial dysfunction. With EtOH treatment, EPC1 and EPC2 cells also demonstrated decreased mitochondrial ATPB protein expression by immunofluorescence and swollen mitochondria lacking intact cristae by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased in a subset of EPC1 and EPC2 cells stained with ΔΨm–sensitive dye MitoTracker Deep Red. In EPC2, EtOH decreased ATP level while impairing mitochondrial respiration and electron transportation chain functions, as determined by ATP fluorometric assay, respirometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, EPC2 cells demonstrated enhanced oxidative stress by flow cytometry for mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), which was antagonized by the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoCP. Concurrently, EPC1 and EPC2 cells underwent autophagy following EtOH exposure, as evidenced by flow cytometry for Cyto-ID, which detects autophagic vesicles, and immunoblots demonstrating induction of the lipidated and cleaved form of LC3B and downregulation of SQSTM1/p62. In EPC1 and EPC2, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine increased mitochondrial oxidative stress while decreasing cell viability. In EPC2, autophagy induction was coupled with phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, and dephosphorylation of downstream substrates of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex (mTORC)-1 signaling. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR decreased EtOH-induced reduction of ΔΨm and ATP in EPC2. Taken together, acute EtOH exposure leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes, where the AMPK-mTORC1 axis may serve as a regulatory mechanism to activate autophagy to provide cytoprotection against EtOH-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna M. Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manti Guha
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noah Engel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Renata Pellegrino da Silva
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Misra BB. Data normalization strategies in metabolomics: Current challenges, approaches, and tools. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:165-174. [PMID: 32276547 DOI: 10.1177/1469066720918446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Data normalization is a big challenge in quantitative metabolomics approaches, whether targeted or untargeted. Without proper normalization, the mass-spectrometry and spectroscopy data can provide erroneous, sub-optimal data, which can lead to misleading and confusing biological results and thereby result in failed application to human healthcare, clinical, and other research avenues. To address this issue, a number of statistical approaches and software tools have been proposed in the literature and implemented over the years, thereby providing a multitude of approaches to choose from - either sample-based or data-based normalization strategies. In recent years, new dedicated software tools for metabolomics data normalization have surfaced as well. In this account article, I summarize the existing approaches and the new discoveries and research findings in this area of metabolomics data normalization, and I introduce some recent tools that aid in data normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Kumar A, Misra BB. Challenges and Opportunities in Cancer Metabolomics. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900042. [PMID: 30950571 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Challenges in metabolomics for a given spectrum of disease are more or less comparable, ranging from the accurate measurement of metabolite abundance, compound annotation, identification of unknown constituents, and interpretation of untargeted and analysis of high throughput targeted metabolomics data leading to the identification of biomarkers. However, metabolomics approaches in cancer studies specifically suffer from several additional challenges and require robust ways to sample the cells and tissues in order to tackle the constantly evolving cancer landscape. These constraints include, but are not limited to, discriminating the signals from given cell types and those that are cancer specific, discerning signals that are systemic and confounded, cell culture-based challenges associated with cell line identities and media standardizations, the need to look beyond Warburg effects, citrate cycle, lactate metabolism, and identifying and developing technologies to precisely and effectively sample and profile the heterogeneous tumor environment. This review article discusses some of the current and pertinent hurdles in cancer metabolomics studies. In addition, it addresses some of the most recent and exciting developments in metabolomics that may address some of these issues. The aim of this article is to update the oncometabolomics research community about the challenges and potential solutions to these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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