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Reinert T, Gahoual R, Mignet N, Kulus A, Allez M, Houzé P, François YN. Simultaneous quantification and structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies after administration using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115446. [PMID: 37209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are demonstrating major success in various therapeutic areas such as oncology and the treatment of immune disorders. Over the past two decades, novel analytical methodologies allowed to address the challenges of mAbs characterization in the context of their production. However, after administration only their quantification is performed and insights regarding their structural evolution remain limited. For instance, clinical practice has recently highlighted significant inter-patient differences in mAb clearance and unexpected clinical responses, without providing alternative interpretations. Here, we report the development of a novel analytical strategy based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) for the simultaneous absolute quantification and structural characterization of infliximab (IFX) in human serum. CE-MS/MS quantification was validated over the range 0.4-25 µg·mL-1 corresponding to the IFX therapeutic window and achieved a LOQ of 0.22 µg·mL-1 (1.5 nM) while demonstrating outstanding specificity compared to the ELISA assay. CE-MS/MS allowed structural characterization and estimation of the relative abundance of the six major N-glycosylations expressed by IFX. In addition, the results allowed characterization and determination of the level of modification of post-translational modifications (PTMs) hotspots including deamidation of 4 asparagine and isomerization of 2 aspartate. Concerning N-glycosylation and PTMs, a new normalization strategy was developed to measure the variation of modification levels that occur strictly during the residence time of IFX in the patient's system, overcoming artefactual modifications induced by sample treatment and/or storage. The CE-MS/MS methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from patients with Crohn's disease. The data identified a gradual deamidation of a particular asparagine residue located in the complementary determining region that correlated with IFX residence time, while the evolution of IFX concentration showed significant variability among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Reinert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France; Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Kulus
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Inserm, U1160 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
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2
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Legrand P, Dufaÿ S, Mignet N, Houzé P, Gahoual R. Modeling study of long-term stability of the monoclonal antibody infliximab and biosimilars using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle light scattering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:179-192. [PMID: 36449030 PMCID: PMC9709354 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a dynamic class of biopharmaceutical products, as evidenced by an increasing number of market authorizations for mAb innovator and biosimilar products. Stability studies are commonly performed during product development, for instance, to exclude unstable molecules, optimize the formulation or determine the storage limit. Such studies are time-consuming, especially for mAbs, because of their structural complexity which requires multiple analytical techniques to achieve a detailed characterization. We report the implementation of a novel methodology based on the accelerated stability assessment program (ASAP) in order to model the long-term stability of mAbs in relation to different structural aspects. Stability studies of innovator infliximab and two different biosimilars were performed using forced degradation conditions alongside in-use administration conditions in order to investigate their similarity regarding stability. Thus, characterization of post-translational modifications was achieved using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and the formation of aggregates and free chain fragments was characterized using size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS-UV/RI) analysis. Consequently, ASAP models were investigated with regard to free chain fragmentation of mAbs concomitantly with N57 deamidation, located in the hypervariable region. Comparison of ASAP models and the long-term stability data from samples stored in intravenous bags demonstrated a relevant correlation, indicating the stability of the mAbs. The developed methodology highlighted the particularities of ASAP modeling for mAbs and demonstrated the possibility to independently consider the different types of degradation pathways in order to provide accurate and appropriate prediction of the long-term stability of this type of biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Legrand
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Département Recherche Et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale Des Equipements Et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Dufaÿ
- Département Recherche Et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale Des Equipements Et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
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3
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Advances in capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Weaver SD, Schuster-Little N, Whelan RJ. Preparative capillary electrophoresis (CE) fractionation of protein digests improves protein and peptide identification in bottom-up proteomics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1103-1110. [PMID: 35175250 PMCID: PMC9210495 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is widely used to reduce sample complexity prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in bottom-up proteomics. Improving peptide separation in complex samples enables lower-abundance proteins to be identified. Multidimensional separations that combine orthogonal separation modes improve protein and peptide identifications over RPLC alone. Here we report a preparative capillary electrophoresis (CE) fractionation method that combines CE and RPLC separations. Using this method, we demonstrate improved protein and peptide identification in a tryptic digest of E. coli cell lysate, with 132 ± 33% more protein identifications and 185 ± 65% more peptide identifications over non-fractionated samples. Fractionation enables detection of lower-abundance proteins in this complex sample. We demonstrate improved coverage of ovarian cancer biomarker MUC16 isolated from conditioned cell media, with 6.73% sequence coverage using CE fractionation compared to 2.74% coverage without preparative fractionation. This new method will allow researchers performing bottom-up proteomics to harness the advantages of CE separations while using widely available LC-MS/MS instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Weaver
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Naviya Schuster-Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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5
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Legrand P, Dembele O, Alamil H, Lamoureux C, Mignet N, Houzé P, Gahoual R. Structural identification and absolute quantification of monoclonal antibodies in suspected counterfeits using capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2699-2712. [PMID: 35099584 PMCID: PMC8802745 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a major category of biopharmaceutical products which due to their success as therapeutics have recently experienced the emergence of mAbs originating from different types of trafficking. We report the development of an analytical strategy which enables the structural identification of mAbs in addition to comprehensive characterization and quantification in samples in potentially counterfeit samples. The strategy is based on the concomitant use of capillary zone electrophoresis analysis (CZE-UV), size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analytical strategy was applied to the investigation of different samples having unknown origins seized by the authorities, and potentially incorporating an IgG 4 or an IgG 1. The results achieved from the different techniques demonstrated to provide orthogonal and complementary information regarding the nature and the structure of the different mAbs. Therefore, they allowed to conclude unequivocally on the identification of the mAbs in the potentially counterfeit samples. Finally, a LC-MS/MS quantification method was developed which specificity was to incorporate a different mAbs labeled with stable isotopes as internal standard. The LC-MS/MS quantification method was validated and thus demonstrated the possibility to use common peptides with the considered IgG in order to achieve limit of quantification as low as 41.4 nM. The quantification method was used to estimate the concentration in the investigated samples using a single type of internal standard and experimental conditions, even in the case of mAbs with no stable isotope labeled homologues available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Legrand
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Département Recherche Et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale Des Equipements Et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Oumar Dembele
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Héléna Alamil
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lamoureux
- Service Commun de Laboratoire DGCCRF-DGCCI (SCL), Laboratoire de Paris, Massy, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Unité de Technologies Biologiques Et Chimiques Pour La Santé (UTCBS), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Cedex 06, Paris, France.
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6
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Ferré S, Boccard J, Rudaz S, González-Ruiz V. Evaluation of Prototype CE-MS Interfaces. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2531:1-13. [PMID: 35941475 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling is a powerful analytical solution bringing together the separation power of CE and the wealth of chemical information afforded by MS. Nevertheless, interfaces making the hyphenation of both techniques possible have always been the subject of a quest for improvement by their users in search for more sensitive and robust setups. This fact has led to numerous technical developments and new interface designs claiming to outrival existing approaches in different aspects. Nevertheless, the task of evaluating and comparing a new interface to previous solutions is not always straightforward. Issued from our own experience in the field, we herein propose a protocol to optimize the operation parameters of a new CE-MS interface design, assess its analytical performance, and compare it to a reference interface if desired. Electrospray stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness are practically evaluated as key elements of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Gosset-Erard C, Giorgetti J, Biacchi M, Aubriet F, Leize-Wagner E, Chaimbault P, François YN. Protocol for Etching Bare-Fused Silica Capillaries for Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Coupling. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2531:49-59. [PMID: 35941477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homemade capillaries are a very common practice for the users of capillary electrophoresis (CE), notably in CE-UV. With the advent of the capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry coupling since the end of the 1980s, several interfaces have been developed. Among those interfaces, the porous tip sprayer allows great sensitivity at nano flow rates and has been used in numerous applications over the past few years. However, the homemade implementation of a suitable capillary for the porous tip sprayer is more challenging. The porous tip is created by etching the bare-fused silica capillary with hydrofluoric acid. Here we describe the complete process of etching bare-fused silica capillaries, from length cutting to quality control of the newly etched capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Gosset-Erard
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi-échelles des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jérémie Giorgetti
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Biacchi
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi-échelles des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique-Approche Multi-échelles des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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9
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021). Electrophoresis 2021; 43:82-108. [PMID: 34632606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
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10
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Kuzyk VO, Somsen GW, Haselberg R. CE-MS for Proteomics and Intact Protein Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:51-86. [PMID: 34628627 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to explore various parameters involved in achieving high-end capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of proteins, peptides, and their posttranslational modifications. The structure of the topics discussed in this book chapter is conveniently mapped on the scheme of the CE-MS system itself, starting from sample preconcentration and injection techniques and finishing with mass analyzer considerations. After going through the technical considerations, a variety of relevant applications for this analytical approach are presented, including posttranslational modifications analysis, clinical biomarker discovery, and its growing use in the biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia O Kuzyk
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Kumar R, Guttman A, Rathore AS. Applications of capillary electrophoresis for biopharmaceutical product characterization. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:143-166. [PMID: 34591322 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE), after being introduced several decades ago, has carved out a niche for itself in the field of analytical characterization of biopharmaceutical products. It does not only offer fast separation, high resolution in miniaturized format, but equally importantly represents an orthogonal separation mechanism to high-performance liquid chromatography. Therefore, it is not surprising that CE-based methods can be found in all major pharmacopoeias and are recommended for the analysis of biopharmaceutical products during process development, characterization, quality control, and release testing. Different separation formats of CE, such as capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, and capillary zone electrophoresis are widely used for size and charge heterogeneity characterization as well as purity and stability testing of therapeutic proteins. Hyphenation of CE with MS is emerging as a promising bioanalytical tool to assess the primary structure of therapeutic proteins along with any impurities. In this review, we confer the latest developments in capillary electrophoresis, used for the characterization of critical quality attributes of biopharmaceutical products covering the past 6 years (2015-2021). Monoclonal antibodies, due to their significant share in the market, have been given prioritized coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratories of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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12
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Al Hamoui Dit Banni G, Nasreddine R, Fayad S, Cao-Ngoc P, Rossi JC, Leclercq L, Cottet H, Marchal A, Nehmé R. Screening for pancreatic lipase natural modulators by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to spectrophotometric and conductometric dual detection. Analyst 2021; 146:1386-1401. [PMID: 33404014 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors has gained increasing attention in recent years. For the first time, a dual detection capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based homogeneous lipase assay was developed employing both the offline and online reaction modes. The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (4-NPB) catalyzed by PL into 4-nitrophenol and butyrate was monitored by spectrophotometric and conductimetric detection, respectively. The assays presented several advantages such as economy in consumption (few tens of nanoliters for online assays to few tens of microliters for offline assays), no modification of lipase, rapidity (<10 min) and versatility. Tris/MOPS (10 mM, pH 6.6) was used as the background electrolyte and the incubation buffer for enzymatic reactions. We confirmed that in the conditions of the study (small substrate 4-NPB, 37 °C, pH 6.6), the PL was active even in the absence of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles, generally used to mimic the lipid-water interface. This was confirmed by the maximum velocity (Vmax) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values that were the same order of magnitude in the absence and presence of DPPC. The developed method was used to screen crude aqueous plant extracts and purified compounds. We were able to identify the promising PL inhibition of hawthorn leaf herbal infusions at 1 mg mL-1 (37%) and PL activation by fresh and dry hawthorn flowers (∼24%). Additionally, two triterpenoids purified from extracts of oakwood were identified for the first time as potent PL inhibitors demonstrating 51 and 58% inhibition at 1 mg mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Al Hamoui Dit Banni
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Rouba Nasreddine
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Syntia Fayad
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France. and Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 5477, Unité de recherche Œnologie, USC 1366 INRA, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Phu Cao-Ngoc
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34059 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34059 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34059 Montpellier, France
| | - Axel Marchal
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 5477, Unité de recherche Œnologie, USC 1366 INRA, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
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Huang L, Fang M, Cupp-Sutton KA, Wang Z, Smith K, Wu S. Spray-Capillary-Based Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Analysis in Single Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4479-4487. [PMID: 33646748 PMCID: PMC8323477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a promising platform to analyze cellular contents and probe cell heterogeneity. However, current single-cell CE-MS methods often rely on offline microsampling processes and may demonstrate low sampling precision and accuracy. We have recently developed an electrospray-assisted device, spray-capillary, for low-volume sample extraction. With the spray-capillary, low-volume samples (pL-nL) are drawn into the sampling end of the device, which can be used directly for CE separation and online MS detection. Here, we redesigned the spray-capillary by utilizing a capillary with a <15 μm tapered tip so that it can be directly inserted into single cells for sample collection and on-capillary CE-MS analysis. We evaluated the performance of the modified spray-capillary by performing single-cell microsampling on single onion cells with varying sample injection times and direct MS analysis or online CE-MS analysis. We have demonstrated, for the first time, online sample collection and CE-MS for the analysis of single cells. This application of the modified spray-capillary device facilitates the characterization and relative quantification of hundreds of metabolites in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mulin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kellye A Cupp-Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis: Sample Preparation, Separation, and Detection. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are dominating the biopharmaceutical field due to the fact of their high specificity in the treatment of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, mAbs are very complex glycoproteins exhibiting several macro- and microheterogeneities that may affect their safety, quality, and efficacy. This complexity is very challenging for mAbs development, formulation, and quality control. To tackle the quality issue, a combination of multiple analytical approaches is necessary. In this perspective, capillary electrophoresis has gained considerable interest over the last decade due to the fact of its complementary features to chromatographic approaches. This review provides an overview of the strategies of mAbs and derivatives analysis by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detection. The main sample preparation approaches used for mAb analytical characterization (i.e., intact, middle-up/down, and bottom-up) are detailed. The different electrophoretic modes used as well as integrated analysis approaches (sample preparation and separation) are critically discussed.
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Hoang Anh N, Min JE, Kim SJ, Phuoc Long N. Biotherapeutic Products, Cellular Factories, and Multiomics Integration in Metabolic Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24:621-633. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hong J, Wu H, Zhang R, He M, Xu W. The Coupling of Taylor Dispersion Analysis and Mass Spectrometry to Differentiate Protein Conformations. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5200-5206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muyi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang W, Wu H, Zhang R, Fang X, Xu W. Structure and effective charge characterization of proteins by a mobility capillary electrophoresis based method. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7779-7787. [PMID: 31588326 PMCID: PMC6761862 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) into mobility capillary electrophoresis allows protein separation, effective charge and hydrodynamic radius measurements.
Measuring the conformations and effective charges of proteins in solution is critical for investigating protein bioactivity, but their rapid analysis remains a challenging problem. Here we report a mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) based method for the rapid analysis of protein stereo-structures and effective charges in different solution environments. With the capability of mixture separation, MCE measures the hydrodynamic radius of a protein through Taylor dispersion analysis and its effective charge through ion mobility analysis. The experimental results acquired from MCE are then utilized to restrain molecular dynamics simulations, so that the most probable conformation of that protein can be obtained. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, the charge states and structures of five proteins were analyzed under close to native environments. The conformation transitions and charge state variations of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme under different pH conditions were also investigated. This method is promising for high-throughput protein analysis, which could potentially be coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating protein stereo-structures and functions in top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology , No. 18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
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