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Vogg N, Kürzinger L, Kendl S, Pamporaki C, Eisenhofer G, Adolf C, Hahner S, Fassnacht M, Kurlbaum M. A novel LC-MS/MS-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of aldosterone-related steroids in human urine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:919-928. [PMID: 38008792 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension and is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidities. The diagnostic workup depends on determinations of plasma aldosterone and renin which are highly variable and associated with false-positive and false-negative results. Quantification of aldosterone in 24 h urine may provide more reliable results, but the methodology is not well established. We aimed to establish an assay for urinary aldosterone and related steroids with suitability for clinical routine implementation. METHODS Here, we report on the development and validation of a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for six urinary steroids: aldosterone, cortisol, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxycortisol, 18-oxocortisol, tetrahydroaldosterone. After enzymatic deconjugation, total steroids were extracted using SepPak tC18 plates and quantified in positive electrospray ionization mode on a QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometer. RESULTS Excellent linearity was demonstrated with R2>0.998 for all analytes. Extraction recoveries were 89.8-98.4 % and intra- and inter-day coefficients of variations were <6.4 and <9.0 %, establishing superb precision. Patients with primary aldosteronism (n=10) had higher mean 24 h excretions of aldosterone-related metabolites than normotensive volunteers (n=20): 3.91 (95 % CI 2.27-5.55) vs. 1.92 (1.16-2.68) µmol/mol for aldosterone/creatinine, 2.57 (1.49-3.66) vs. 0.79 (0.48-1.10) µmol/mol for 18-hydroxycorticosterone/creatinine, 37.4 (13.59-61.2) vs. 11.61 (10.24-12.98) µmol/mol for 18-hydroxycortisol/creatinine, 1.56 (0.34-2.78) vs. 0.13 (0.09-0.17) µmol/mol for 18-oxocortisol/creatinine, and 21.5 (13.4-29.6) vs. 7.21 (4.88-9.54) µmol/mol for tetrahydroaldosterone/creatinine. CONCLUSIONS The reported assay is robust and suitable for routine clinical use. First results in patient samples, though promising, require clinical validation in a larger sample set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Vogg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Central Laboratory, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Kürzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kendl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Central Laboratory, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Central Laboratory, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max Kurlbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Central Laboratory, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Antonelli L, Frondaroli MC, De Cesaris MG, Felli N, Dal Bosco C, Lucci E, Gentili A. Nanocomposite microbeads made of recycled polylactic acid for the magnetic solid phase extraction of xenobiotics from human urine. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:251. [PMID: 38589663 PMCID: PMC11001671 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposite microbeads (average diameter = 10-100 µm) were prepared by a microemulsion-solidification method and applied to the magnetic solid-phase extraction (m-SPE) of fourteen analytes, among pesticides, drugs, and hormones, from human urine samples. The microbeads, perfectly spherical in shape to maximize the surface contact with the analytes, were composed of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a polylactic acid (PLA) solid bulk, decorated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mPLA@MWCNTs). In particular, PLA was recovered from filters of smoked electronic cigarettes after an adequate cleaning protocol. A complete morphological characterization of the microbeads was performed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TGA and DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The recovery study of the m-SPE procedure showed yields ≥ 64%, with the exception of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (57%) at the lowest spike level (3 µg L-1). The method was validated according to the main FDA guidelines for the validation of bioanalytical methods. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, precision and accuracy were below 11% and 15%, respectively, and detection limits of 0.1-1.8 µg L-1. Linearity was studied in the range of interest 1-15 µg L-1 with determination coefficients greater than 0.99. In light of the obtained results, the nanocomposite microbeads have proved to be a valid and sustainable alternative to traditional sorbents, offering good analytical standards and being synthetized from recycled plastic material. One of the main objectives of the current work is to provide an innovative and optimized procedure for the recycling of a plastic waste, to obtain a regular and reliable microstructure, whose application is here presented in the field of analytical chemistry. The simplicity and greenness of the method endows the procedure with a versatile applicability in different research and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nina Felli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Bosco
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Apoorva S, Nguyen NT, Sreejith KR. Recent developments and future perspectives of microfluidics and smart technologies in wearable devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1833-1866. [PMID: 38476112 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices are gaining popularity in the fields of health monitoring, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Recent advances in wearable technology have enabled real-time analysis of biofluids such as sweat, interstitial fluid, tears, saliva, wound fluid, and urine. The integration of microfluidics and emerging smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT), into wearable devices offers great potential for accurate and non-invasive monitoring and diagnosis. This paper provides an overview of current trends and developments in microfluidics and smart technologies in wearable devices for analyzing body fluids. The paper discusses common microfluidic technologies in wearable devices and the challenges associated with analyzing each type of biofluid. The paper emphasizes the importance of combining smart technologies with microfluidics in wearable devices, and how they can aid diagnosis and therapy. Finally, the paper covers recent applications, trends, and future developments in the context of intelligent microfluidic wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Apoorva
- UKF Centre for Advanced Research and Skill Development(UCARS), UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India, 691 302
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
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Li ZM, Kannan K. Determination of 19 Steroid Hormones in Human Serum and Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2022; 10:687. [PMID: 36422894 PMCID: PMC9699436 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a methodology for simultaneous determination of 19 steroid hormones, viz. estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, 17α-OH-progesterone, 17α-OH-pregnenolone, cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, aldosterone, and corticosterone, in 500-µL of urine or serum/plasma. The method was optimized using isotopically labeled internal standards and liquid-liquid extraction followed by detection using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Dansylation of estrogens significantly improved their sensitivities (~11- to 23-fold) and chromatographic separation. The respective limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of all analytes were 0.04−0.28 and 0.14−0.92 ng/mL in human urine, and 0.11−0.35 and 0.38−1.18 ng/mL in human serum/plasma. Recoveries of all analytes (except for progesterone) fortified at 10, 20, and 200 ng/mL in urine and serum were 80−120%, with standard deviations ranging from 0 to 17.3%. Repeated analysis of similarly fortified urine and serum samples yielded intra-day and inter-day variations of 0−21.7% and 0.16−11.5%, respectively. All analytes except cortisone exhibited weak matrix effects in urine and serum (−13.9−18.2%). The method was further validated through the analysis of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) plasma Standard Reference Material (SRM1950) with certified concentrations for cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone (coefficient of variation: 3−11%). The developed method was applied in the analysis of urine samples from 20 volunteers, which revealed the occurrence of 16 analytes with detection frequencies (DFs) > 80%. Furthermore, 15 analytes were found in plasma SRM1950, indicating the feasibility of our method in the analysis of steroid hormones in urine and serum/plasma. This method will facilitate analysis of steroid hormones in population-based biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Gegenschatz SA, Chiappini FA, Teglia CM, Muñoz de la Peña A, Goicoechea HC. Binding the gap between experiments, statistics, and method comparison: A tutorial for computing limits of detection and quantification in univariate calibration for complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339342. [PMID: 35569842 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present tutorial aims to review the most frequently reported criteria for the calculation of the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in univariate calibration, summarizing their fundamentals, advantages, and limitations. The current criteria for estimating LOD and LOQ are based on diverse theoretical and/or empirical assumptions and require different amounts of experimental data, making the calculation rather complex in some cases. Moreover, alternative forms for calculating LOD/LOQ frequently lead to dissimilar results. This scenario might worsen in the case of complex analytical systems. Throughout this tutorial, different forms of calculating LOD/LOQ are illustrated using previously reported experimental datasets in the environmental chemistry field as examples. The influence of the sample matrix during the estimation of LOD/LOQ parameters is investigated through one calibration approache. The discrepancies in the obtained results with different criteria for the calculation of LOD/LOQ are highlighted. Finally, general guidelines and recommendations regarding experimental and data processing issues are proposed, aiming to promote fair criteria for the comparison of different analytical methodologies in terms of prediction ability and detection capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía A Gegenschatz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fabricio A Chiappini
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla M Teglia
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Héctor C Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Mass spectrometric stochastic dynamic 3D structural analysis of mixture of steroids in solution - Experimental and theoretical study. Steroids 2022; 181:109001. [PMID: 35257712 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is explored, herein, functional relation: Experimental mass spectrometric phenomenon, obeying a certain scientific law ⇔ 3D molecular conformations and electronic structures of analytes obtained for quantum chemical theories. The paper answers to questions: (a) What evidence claims these actual relations among measurable and theoretical parameters, experimental factors and molecular properties; (b) how the provided evidence is collected and used; and (c) how empirical proof relates to assign and explain mass spectrometric phenomena of steroids afforded by our innovative stochastic dynamic mass spectrometric formula, D″SD = 2.6388.10-17.(<I2>-<I>2), quantum chemical 3D conformations, electronic structures and energetics of molecules, respectively. The paper address issue concerning empirical evidence at very high-to-exact level of assignment of 3D molecular conformations of steroids to experimental mass spectrometric fragment ions, accounting precisely for (i) effect of protonation; (ii) intramolecular rearrangement for A-D rings of steroidal skeleton and proton transfer effect, if any; in addition to (iii) examination of enantiomers of steroids in mixture with different stereochemistry, (R) and (S), of a set of six atoms of the molecular backbone of hydrocortisone (1), deoxycorticosterone (2), progesterone (3) and methyltestosterone (4), respectively. Results from testosterone (5) are discussed, as well. There are used ultra-high resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric data on analytes (1)-(4) at ng.(mL)-1 concentration levels in mixtures in solution obtained for positive operation mode. High accuracy static and molecular dynamic quantum chemical computations and chemometrics are also utilized. Experimental 3D structural parameters of steroids obtained for stochastic dynamic diffusion theory are correlated with available crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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7
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Luan H, Zhao H, Li J, Zhou Y, Fang J, Liu H, Li Y, Xia W, Xu S, Cai Z. Machine Learning for Investigation on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Gestational Age and Delivery Time in a Longitudinal Cohort. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9873135. [PMID: 34755115 PMCID: PMC8548981 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9873135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread environmental chemicals that are often considered as risk factors with weak activity on the hormone-dependent process of pregnancy. However, the adverse effects of EDCs in the body of pregnant women were underestimated. The interaction between dynamic concentration of EDCs and endogenous hormones (EHs) on gestational age and delivery time remains unclear. To define a temporal interaction between the EDCs and EHs during pregnancy, comprehensive, unbiased, and quantitative analyses of 33 EDCs and 14 EHs were performed for a longitudinal cohort with 2317 pregnant women. We developed a machine learning model with the dynamic concentration information of EDCs and EHs to predict gestational age with high accuracy in the longitudinal cohort of pregnant women. The optimal combination of EHs and EDCs can identify when labor occurs (time to delivery within two and four weeks, AUROC of 0.82). Our results revealed that the bisphenols and phthalates are more potent than partial EHs for gestational age or delivery time. This study represents the use of machine learning methods for quantitative analysis of pregnancy-related EDCs and EHs for understanding the EDCs' mixture effect on pregnancy with potential clinical utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Luan
- School of Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Luo Q, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Cai Z. Simultaneous determination of triclosan, triclocarban, triclocarban metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9117. [PMID: 33928686 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ubiquitous antimicrobial agents incorporated in consumer and personal care products. Due to their human health risks, it is essential to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to simultaneously quantify TCS, TCC, as well as their metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples. METHODS The quantitative parameters of TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts (2'-OH-TCC, 3'-OH-TCC, 6-OH-TCC, DHC, DCC, NCC) were optimized by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples was optimized based on enzyme dosage and incubation time. The efficiencies of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were compared. The effectiveness of the established method was evaluated, and method application was validated using real urine and serum samples. RESULTS The conjugates were sufficiently hydrolyzed under 500 U/mL β-glucuronidase and 80 U/mL sulfatase at 37°C for 4 h. Compared with the LLE method, SPE achieved higher extraction efficiency in both urine and serum samples. The optimized SPE-UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS method showed low limits of detection (LODs) in the range 0.001-0.3 ng/mL and good linearity (R2 > 0.99) at 0.01-150 ng/mL in both matrices. Excellent recoveries of 82.0%-120.7% (urine) and 76.7%-113.9% (serum) were obtained with low relative standard deviation (RSD, <7.6%) for inter-day and intra-day injections. This method was applicable to quantify target compounds in multiple biological urine and serum samples. Notably, TCS and TCC were detected with average concentrations of 8.37 and 10.46 ng/mL, respectively, in 15 Chinese female urine samples, with the simultaneous detection of TCC metabolites and byproducts. CONCLUSIONS A reliable method was established to simultaneously determine TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples by using UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS. This sensitive methodology provides the basis for the evaluation of TCS and TCC exposure at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Derivatization-based sample-multiplexing for enhancing throughput in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantification of metabolites: an overview. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
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11
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Rodrigues MF, Pereira I, Morais RL, Lobón GS, Gil EDS, Vaz BG. A New Strategy for the Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Industrial Wastewaters by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2250-2257. [PMID: 32930580 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new approach using paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) for the analysis of steroid hormones in wastewater samples has been demonstrated. Triangular papers containing paraffin barriers as microfluidic channels were used to direct the sample solution to the paper tip, preventing the sample from spreading over the corners of the paper. The method was used to analyze the hormones levonorgestrel and algestone acetophenide in industrial wastewaters. Analytical curves presented a correlation coefficient (R2) above 0.99. Limits of quantification were below 2.3 ppm and limits of detection below 0.7 ppm. Values of precision (coefficient of variation) and accuracy (relative error) were less than 15% for all analyses. Recovery results ranged from 82% to 102%. Levonorgestrel was also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in order to compare the analytical performance with PSI-MS. No statistically significant differences were found between both methods. This study demonstrates the usefulness of PSI-MS for rapid analysis of hormones in industrial wastewater samples and also indicates its potential to be employed as a simple and reliable analytical method in environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690900, Brazil
| | - Ruiter Lima Morais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690900, Brazil
| | - Gérman Sanz Lobón
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690900, Brazil
| | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690900, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690900, Brazil
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Sample-multiplexing by derivatization using multiple analogous reagents for enhancing throughput in LC/ESI-MS/MS assay of steroids: Plasma 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as an example. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1146:122117. [PMID: 32335501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The measurements of steroids in biological fluids are of importance for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has a high specificity and accuracy for the steroid analysis, whereas it has a lower analysis throughput, which could become a big issue in clinical practice. One of the promising solutions to this issue is the multiplexing of samples in the same injection. In this study, the utility of the sample-multiplexing by the derivatization using multiple analogous reagents was evaluated for enhancing the throughput of the LC/ESI-MS/MS assays of steroids. The plasma 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), which is a diagnostic marker for the 21-hydroxylase deficiency, was chosen as the model analyte. The four plasma samples (20 μL each) were separately derivatized with one of four different analogous Girard-type reagents, combined, then injected together into the LC/ESI-MS/MS. By this method, four plasma samples could be analyzed within a single LC run. The developed method could significantly reduce the total LC run time (about 2/5 for 32 samples, compared with the conventional method) with a satisfactory sensitivity (lower limit of quantification 0.5 ng/mL), precision (intra- and inter-assay RSDs ≤ 4.0% and ≤ 3.5%, respectively) and accuracy (97.6-106.7%), and negligible matrix effect. The developed method had a satisfactory applicability for the quantification of 17OHP in the cord plasma samples.
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