1
|
Li J, Li S, Li J, Tan X, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Hoffmann AA, Fang J, Ji R. Egg-associated secretions from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) activate rice immune responses. INSECT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 38010047 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is a notorious sap-sucking insect pest that damages rice (Oryza sativa) plants throughout Asia. During BPH feeding, saliva enters rice plant tissues, whereas during oviposition egg-associated secretions (EAS) are deposited in damaged plant tissue. Dynamic changes in rice to planthopper salivary effectors have been widely reported. However, the effects of EAS from planthopper on rice immunity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we found that both infestation of rice by gravid BPH female adults and treatment with the EAS elicited a strong and rapid accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine, and hydrogen peroxide in rice. EAS enhanced plant defenses not only in rice but also in tobacco, and these impaired the performance of BPH on rice, as well as the performance of aphids and whiteflies on tobacco. High-throughput proteome sequencing of EAS led to 110 proteins being identified and 53 proteins with 2 or more unique peptides being detected. Some proteins from BPH EAS were also found in the salivary proteome from herbivores, suggesting potential evolutionary conservation of effector functions across feeding and oviposition; however, others were only identified in EAS, and these are likely specifically related to oviposition. These findings point to novel proteins affecting interactions between planthoppers and rice during oviposition, providing an additional source of information for effector studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyang Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichang Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brola TR, Dreon MS, Qiu JW, Heras H. A highly stable, non-digestible lectin from Pomacea diffusa unveils clade-related protection systems in apple snail eggs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.231878. [PMID: 32719049 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of egg protection is vital for species survival. Poisonous eggs from Pomacea apple snails have defensive macromolecules for protection. Here we isolated and characterized a novel lectin called PdPV1 that is massively accumulated in the eggs of Pomacea diffusa and seems part of its protective cocktail. The native protein, an oligomer of ca 256 kDa, has high structural stability, withstanding 15 min boiling and denaturing by SDS. It resists in vitro proteinase digestion and displays structural stability between pH 2.0 and pH 12.0, and up to 85°C. These properties, as well as its subunit sequences, glycosylation pattern, presence of carotenoids, size and global shape resemble those of its orthologs from other Pomacea. Furthermore, like members of the canaliculata clade, PdPV1 is recovered unchanged in feces of mice ingesting it, supporting an anti-nutritive defensive function. PdPV1 also displays a strong hemagglutinating activity, specifically recognizing selected ganglioside motifs with high affinity. This activity is only shared with PsSC, a perivitelline from the same clade (bridgesii clade). As a whole, these results indicate that species in the genus Pomacea have diversified their egg defenses: those from the bridgesii clade are protected mostly by non-digestible lectins that lower the nutritional value of eggs, in contrast with protection by neurotoxins of other Pomacea clades, indicating that apple snail egg defensive strategies are clade specific. The harsh gastrointestinal environment of predators would have favored their appearance, extending by convergent evolution the presence of plant-like highly stable lectins, a strategy not reported in other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabata R Brola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata Prof. R. R. Brenner (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, C. P. 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata Prof. R. R. Brenner (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, C. P. 1900 La Plata, Argentina .,Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, C. P. 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata Prof. R. R. Brenner (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, C. P. 1900 La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, C. P. 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giglio ML, Ituarte S, Ibañez AE, Dreon MS, Prieto E, Fernández PE, Heras H. Novel Role for Animal Innate Immune Molecules: Enterotoxic Activity of a Snail Egg MACPF-Toxin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 32231667 PMCID: PMC7082926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastropod Molluscs rely exclusively on the innate immune system to protect from pathogens, defending their embryos through maternally transferred effectors. In this regard, Pomacea snail eggs, in addition to immune defenses, have evolved the perivitellin-2 or PV2 combining two immune proteins into a neurotoxin: a lectin and a pore-forming protein from the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) family. This binary structure resembles AB-toxins, a group of toxins otherwise restricted to bacteria and plants. Many of these are enterotoxins, leading us to explore this activity in PV2. Enterotoxins found in bacteria and plants act mainly as pore-forming toxins and toxic lectins, respectively. In animals, although both pore-forming proteins and lectins are ubiquitous, no enterotoxins have been reported. Considering that Pomacea snail eggs ingestion induce morpho-physiological changes in the intestinal mucosa of rodents and is cytotoxic to intestinal cells in culture, we seek for the factor causing these effects and identified PmPV2 from Pomacea maculata eggs. We characterized the enterotoxic activity of PmPV2 through in vitro and in vivo assays. We determined that it withstands the gastrointestinal environment and resisted a wide pH range and enzymatic proteolysis. After binding to Caco-2 cells it promoted changes in surface morphology and an increase in membrane roughness. It was also cytotoxic to both epithelial and immune cells from the digestive system of mammals. It induced enterocyte death by a lytic mechanism and disrupted enterocyte monolayers in a dose-dependent manner. Further, after oral administration to mice PmPV2 attached to enterocytes and induced large dose-dependent morphological changes on their small intestine mucosa, reducing the absorptive surface. Additionally, PmPV2 was detected in the Peyer's patches where it activated lymphoid follicles and triggered apoptosis. We also provide evidence that the toxin can traverse the intestinal barrier and induce oral adaptive immunity with evidence of circulating antibody response. As a whole, these results indicate that PmPV2 is a true enterotoxin, a role that has never been reported to lectins or perforin in animals. This extends by convergent evolution the presence of plant- and bacteria-like enterotoxins to animals, thus expanding the diversity of functions of MACPF proteins in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías L Giglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés E Ibañez
- División de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físico-químicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia E Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FEV), Instituto de Patología B. Epstein, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CONICET, CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|