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Garcia-Manieri JAA, Correa VG, Backes E, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Comar JF, Corrêa RCG, Peralta RM, Bracht A. A Critical Appraisal of the Most Recent Investigations on the Hepatoprotective Action of Brazilian Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3481. [PMID: 36559593 PMCID: PMC9785989 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatments for liver diseases are often burdened by side effects caused by chemicals. For minimizing this problem, the search for medicines based on natural products has increased. The objective of this review was to collect data on the potential hepatoprotective activity of plants of the Brazilian native flora. Special attention was given to the modes of extraction, activity indicators, and identification of the active compounds. The databases were Science direct, Pubmed, and Google Academic. Inclusion criteria were: (a) plants native to Brazil; (b) studies carried out during the last 15 years; (c) high-quality research. A fair number of communications met these criteria. Various parts of plants can be used, e.g., fruit peels, seeds, stem barks, and leaves. An outstanding characteristic of the active extracts is that they were mostly obtained from plant parts with low commercial potential, i.e., by-products or bio-residues. The hepatoprotective activities are exerted by constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamin C, phytosterols, and fructose poly- and oligosaccharides. Several Brazilian plants present excellent perspectives for the obtainment of hepatoprotective formulations. Very important is the economical perspective for the rural producers which may eventually increase their revenue by selling increasingly valued raw materials which otherwise would be wasted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanesa Gesser Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Emanueli Backes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas, Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação—ICETI, Universidade Cesumar—UNICESUMAR, Maringá 87050-900, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
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Marahatha R, Gyawali K, Sharma K, Gyawali N, Tandan P, Adhikari A, Timilsina G, Bhattarai S, Lamichhane G, Acharya A, Pathak I, Devkota HP, Parajuli N. Pharmacologic activities of phytosteroids in inflammatory diseases: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potentials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5103-5124. [PMID: 33957012 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are known to be useful for treating numerous diseases since ancient times. Because of their high therapeutic potentials, the use of different medicinal plants is possible to treat varied inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. Among natural products, phytosteroids have emerged as promising compounds mostly because they have diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, available medications exert numerous systemic toxicities, including hypertension, immune suppression, osteoporosis, and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, further research on phytosteroids to subside these complications is of significant importance. In this study, the information on phytosteroids, their types, and actions against inflammation, and allergic complications was collected by a systematic survey of literature on several scientific search engines. The literature review suggested that phytosteroids exhibit antiinflammatory action via different modes through transrepression or selective COX-2 enzymes. Also, in silico ADMET analysis was carried out on available phytosteroids to uncover their pharmacokinetic properties. Our analysis has shown that eight compounds: withaferin A, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, guggulsterone, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin, physalin A, and dioscin, -isolated from medicinal plants show similar pharmacokinetic properties as compared to dexamethasone, commercially available glucocorticoid. These phytosteroids could be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, systematic research is required to explore potent phytosteroids with lesser side effects, which might substitute the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Marahatha
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Sharma
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Narayan Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Parbati Tandan
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashma Adhikari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Grishma Timilsina
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ganesh Lamichhane
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashis Acharya
- Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ishwor Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Flittner D, Kaiser M, Mäser P, Lopes NP, Schmidt TJ. The Alkaloid-Enriched Fraction of Pachysandra terminalis (Buxaceae) Shows Prominent Activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030591. [PMID: 33498621 PMCID: PMC7865568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of our studies on antiprotozoal natural products and following our recent discovery that certain aminosteroids and aminocycloartanoid compounds from Holarrhena africana A. DC. (Apocynaceae) and Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), respectively, are strong and selective antitrypanosomal agents, we have extended these studies to another plant, related to the latter-namely, Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. and Zucc. (Buxaceae). This species is known to contain aminosteroids similar to those of Holarrhena and structurally related to the aminocycloartanoids of Buxus. The dicholoromethane extract obtained from aerial parts of P. terminalis and, in particular, its alkaloid fraction obtained by acid-base partitioning showed prominent activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr). Activity-guided fractionation along with extended UHPLC-(+)ESI QTOF MS analyses coupled with partial least squares (PLS) regression modelling relating the analytical profiles of various fractions with their bioactivity against Tbr highlighted eighteen constituents likely responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity. Detailed analysis of their (+)ESI mass spectral fragmentation allowed identification of four known constituents of P. terminalis as well as structural characterization of ten further amino-/amidosteroids not previously reported from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Flittner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Department of Biomolecular Sciences from School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Do Café s/n CEP, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil;
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-33378
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