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Chen J, Liu Z, Cui X, Yang R, Guo X, Liu G, Li C, Fan B, Wang F. Occurrence and distribution of phytic acid and its degradation products in soybeans in China: Analytical challenges. Food Chem 2024; 461:140941. [PMID: 39181058 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Phytic acid (IP6) and its degradation products lower myo-inositol phosphates exert different impacts on nutrient bioavailability and product quality characteristics. However, information regarding the occurrence of IP6 and its degradation products is scarce. In this work, simultaneous determination of IP6 and its degradation products in soybeans was developed, with emphasis on analysis by UPLC-MS/MS and a BEH Amide column both with hybrid surface technology. The retention and analyte/metal surface interactions issues were effectively addressed without ion-pairing reagents addition or derivatization. This method was applied to analyze soybeans from China. Total contents were 0.44-13.2 mg/g, and IP6 and its degradation product myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) were the predominant analytes, accounting for over 99%. Accession type significantly affected IP5 content, and landraces had significantly higher IP5 than cultivars. Geographically, the lowest IP6 was concentrated in the Huanghuaihai region. Significant correlations existed between IP6 and longitude, altitude, and annual cumulative sunshine hours. This study provides comprehensive insights into the IP6 and its degradation product profile in soybeans, which will benefit breeding soybeans based on specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Technical Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Xinru Cui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinru Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiqiao Liu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Huang XF, Xue Y, Yong L, Wang TT, Luo P, Qing LS. Chemical derivatization strategies for enhancing the HPLC analytical performance of natural active triterpenoids. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:295-307. [PMID: 38618252 PMCID: PMC11010456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids widely exist in nature, displaying a variety of pharmacological activities. Determining triterpenoids in different matrices, especially in biological samples holds great significance. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical performance. However, due to the structural similarities among botanical samples, achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging, necessitating significant improvements in analytical methods. Additionally, triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet (UV) absorption groups and chromophores, along with low ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry. Consequently, routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor sensitivity. Chemical derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its performance. Considering the structural characteristics of triterpenoids, various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides, rhodamines, isocyanates, sulfonic esters, and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of triterpenoids. This review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of triterpenoids. Moreover, the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Phytate Dephosphorylation Products Also Act as PotentInhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175463. [PMID: 36080228 PMCID: PMC9457852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate has been classified as an anti-nutrient, but there are no adverse effects from the consumption of a balanced diet with 1 to 2 g of daily phytate (inositol-hexaphosphate, InsP6) as a calcium magnesium salt, the form naturally present in grains. Furthermore, recent research has shown that phytate consumption may prevent pathological calcifications, such as kidney stones and cardiovascular calcifications. However, many endogenous and exogenous enzymes can hydrolyze phytate to lower inositol phosphates (InsPs) that also have biological activity. We performed a controlled hydrolysis of phytate and identified the products (InsPs) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The total level of all InsPs was measured using a non-specific methodology. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the InsP6 hydrolysates on calcium oxalate crystallization using scanning electron microscopy and measuring the time needed for the induction of crystallization. Our results indicate that InsP6 and its hydrolysis products functioned as effective inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. Thus, even though InsP6 is hydrolyzed after consumption, the enzymatic products also have the potential to reduce pathological calcifications. Finally, although it is useful to measure the overall level of InsPs in biological fluids, such as urine, there is a need to develop simple analytical methods to quantify the level of individual InsPs.
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