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Ghithan JH, Moreno M, Keynton RS, O'Toole MG, Mendes SB. Adsorption Properties and Electron-transfer Rates of a Redox Probe at Different Interfaces of an Immunoassay Assembled on an Electro-active Photonic Platform. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1391-1399. [PMID: 33896878 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical and chemical properties of a redox protein adsorbed to different interfaces of a multilayer immunoassay assembly were studied using a single-mode, electro-active, integrated optical waveguide (SM-EA-IOW) platform. For each interface of the immunoassay assembly (indium tin oxide, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, recombinant protein G, antibody, and bovine serum albumin) the surface density, the adsorption kinetics, and the electron-transfer rate of bound species of the redox-active cytochrome c (Cyt-C) protein were accurately quantified at very low surface concentrations of redox species (from 0.4 to 4% of a full monolayer) using a highly sensitive optical impedance spectroscopy (OIS) technique based on measurements obtained with the SM-EA-IOW platform. The technique is shown here to provide quantitative insights into an important immunoassay assembly for characterization and understanding of the mechanisms of electron transfer rate, the affinity strength of molecular binding, and the associated bio-selectivity. Such methodology and acquired knowledge are crucial for the development of novel and advanced immuno-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar H Ghithan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville
| | - Monica Moreno
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville
| | | | | | - Sergio B Mendes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville
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Alnaanah SA, Roussel TJ, Ghithan JH, Qatamin AH, Irziqat MA, Telfah H, Liu J, Mendes SB. Electroactive Interface for Enabling Spectroelectrochemical Investigations in Evanescent-Wave Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11288-11296. [PMID: 32689790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the development of an electrically active solid-liquid interface for the evanescent-wave cavity-ring-down spectroscopic (EW-CRDS) technique to enable spectroelectrochemical investigations of redox events. Because of a high-quality transparent conductive electrode film of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on the interface of total internal reflection of the EW-CRDS platform, a cavity ring-down time of about 900 ns was obtained allowing spectroelectrochemical studies at solid-liquid interfaces. As a proof-of-concept on the capabilities of the developed platform, measurements were performed to address the effects of an applied electric potential to the adsorption behavior of the redox protein cytochrome c (Cyt-C) onto different interfaces, namely, bare-ITO, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and Cyt-C antibody. For each interface, the adsorption and desorption constants, the surface equilibrium constant, the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, and the surface coverage were optically measured by our electrically active EW-CRDS tool. Optical measurements at a set of constant discrete values of the applied electric potential were acquired for kinetic adsorption analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans under synchronous optical readout were performed to study the effects of each molecular interface on the redox process of surface-adsorbed protein species. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the ability of the electro-active EW-CRDS platform to unambiguously measure electrode-driven redox events of surface-confined molecular species at low submonolayer coverages and at a single diffraction-limited spot. Such capability is expected to open several opportunities for the EW-CRDS technique to investigate a variety of electrochemical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Alnaanah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Thomas J Roussel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Jafar H Ghithan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Aymen H Qatamin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Mohammed A Irziqat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | - Hamzeh Telfah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Sergio B Mendes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
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Gui Y, Kuwana T. Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of cytochrome c at a platinum electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(87)80044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rodrigues CG, Farchione F, Wedd AG, Bond AM. Relationship of two electroactive forms of horse heart cytochrome c at gold and glassy carbon electrodes in water and methanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(87)87020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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van Berkel-Arts A, Dekker M, van Dijk C, Grande HJ, Hagen WR, Hilhorst R, Krüse-Wolters M, Laane C, Veeger C. Application of hydrogenase in biotechnological conversions. Biochimie 1986; 68:201-9. [PMID: 3015246 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)81084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence will be presented in this review article that the application of hydrogenase has large biotechnological possibilities. Our investigations show: Fast reaction of hydrogenase at an electrode surface to reduce H+; Photochemical production of H2 by hydrogenase by photosensitized Ru-complexes dissolved in reversed micellar membranes and vectorial H+ transport through the membrane to the water phase; The production of fine chemicals in reversed micelles by a system containing specific enzymes, hydrogenase and H2. The rules to obtain maximal conversion rates with this system will be presented.
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