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van den Berg O, Jager WF, Picken SJ. 7-Dialkylamino-1-alkylquinolinium Salts: Highly Versatile and Stable Fluorescent Probes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2666-76. [PMID: 16555819 DOI: 10.1021/jo052441c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
7-Dialkylamino- and 7-alkylsulfenyl-1-alkylquinolinium salts have been synthesized using a novel synthetic approach. The key intermediate, 7-fluoro-1-methylquinolinium iodide, was shown to possess high reactivity toward nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles, and the kinetics of this nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction was investigated. A wide variety of compounds were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. High fluorescence quantum yields were observed, and this was attributed to the rigid molecular architecture. The thermal and photochemical stability of a number of compounds was investigated, and it was demonstrated that 7-dialkylamino-1-methylquinolinium salts have superior stability compared to a number of hemicyanine dyes and rigid charge-transfer probes. Based on the high quantum yields, the large Stokes shifts, and in particular, the high thermal and photochemical stability, it is concluded that 7-dialkylamino-1-methylquinolinium salts are excellent color-shifting, mobility-sensitive fluorescent probes for polymer characterization and other demanding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto van den Berg
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Jager WF, van den Berg O, Picken SJ. Novel Color-Shifting Mobility Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Polymer Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200551136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Goes M, de Groot M, Koeberg M, Verhoeven JW, Lokan NR, Shephard MJ, Paddon-Row MN. Temperature Dependence of Charge-Transfer Fluorescence from Extended and U-shaped Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Systems in Glass-Forming Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Goes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mattijs de Groot
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mattijs Koeberg
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jan W. Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nigel R. Lokan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J. Shephard
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michael N. Paddon-Row
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, IMC, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Jenneskens LW, Raaymakers JEMJ, Verhey HJ, van Ramesdonk HJ, Verhoeven JW. Intramolecular charge-transfer fluorescence of 4-(4-cyano-1-naphthylmethylene)-1-phenylpiperidine in cyclohexane–methyl acetate binary mixtures and related aliphatic esters. Polarity vs. mobility control of the relaxation of a highly dipolar excited state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9938902403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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