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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao W, Yang H, Zhao S, Tang D, Zhang Q, Li Z, Liu H, Li H, Li B, Lappalainen P, Xu T, Cui Z, Jiu Y. Single particle tracking reveals SARS-CoV-2 regulating and utilizing dynamic filopodia for viral invasion. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2210-2224. [PMID: 37661543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry mechanism has been explored, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 regulates the subcellular structural remodeling to invade multiple organs and cell types. Here, we unveil how SARS-CoV-2 boosts and utilizes filopodia to enter the target cells by real-time imaging. Using SARS-CoV-2 single virus-like particle (VLP) tracking in live cells and sparse deconvolution algorithm, we uncover that VLPs utilize filopodia to reach the entry site in two patterns, "surfing" and "grabbing", which avoid the virus from randomly searching on the plasma membrane. Moreover, combining mechanical simulation, we elucidate that the formation of virus-induced filopodia and the retraction speed of filopodia depend on cytoskeleton dynamics and friction resistance at the substrate surface caused by loading-virus gravity, respectively. Further, we discover that the entry process of SARS-CoV-2 via filopodia depends on Cdc42 activity and actin-associated proteins fascin, formin, and Arp2/3. Together, our results highlight that the spatial-temporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton by SARS-CoV-2 infection makes filopodia as a highway for virus entry and potentiates it as an antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hui Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daijiao Tang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | | | - Haoyu Li
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Dabie bandavirus Nonstructural Protein Interacts with Actin to Induce F-Actin Rearrangement and Inhibit Viral Adsorption and Entry. J Virol 2022; 96:e0078822. [PMID: 35862701 PMCID: PMC9327694 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00788-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (DBV) is an emerging Bandavirus that causes multiorgan failure with a high fatality rate in humans. While many viruses can manipulate the actin cytoskeleton to facilitate viral growth, the regulation pattern of the actin cytoskeleton and the molecular mechanisms involved in DBV entry into the host cells remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of nonstructural protein (NSs) or infection with DBV induces actin rearrangement, which presents a point-like distribution, and this destruction is dependent on inclusion bodies (IBs). Further experiments showed that NSs inhibits viral adsorption by destroying the filopodium structure. In addition, NSs also compromised the viral entry by inhibiting clathrin aggregation on the cell surface and capturing clathrin into IBs. Furthermore, NSs induced clathrin light chain B (CLTB) degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which could negatively regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis, inhibiting the viral entry. Finally, we confirmed that this NSs-induced antiviral mechanism is broadly applicable to other viruses, such as enterovirus 71 (EV71) and influenza virus, A/PR8/34 (PR8), which use the same clathrin-mediated endocytosis to enter host cells. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the role of NSs in inhibiting endocytosis and a novel strategy for treating DBV infections. IMPORTANCEDabie bandavirus (DBV), a member of the Phenuiviridae family, is a newly emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes multifunctional organ failure and even death in humans. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in various crucial cellular processes and plays an important role in viral life activities. However, the relationship between DBV infection and the actin cytoskeleton has not been described in detail. Here, we show for the first time the interaction between NSs and actin to induce actin rearrangement, which inhibits the viral adsorption and entry. We also identify a key mechanism underlying NSs-induced entry inhibition in which NSs prevents clathrin aggregation on the cell surface by hijacking clathrin into the inclusion body and induces CLTB degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitination modification. This paper is the first to reveal the antiviral mechanism of NSs and provides a theoretical basis for the search for new antiviral targets.
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Yusuf L, Appeaning M, Amole TG, Musa BM, Galadanci HS, Quashie PK, Aliyu IA. Rapid, Cheap, and Effective COVID-19 Diagnostics for Africa. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112105. [PMID: 34829451 PMCID: PMC8625903 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although comprehensive public health measures such as mass quarantine have been taken internationally, this has generally been ineffective, leading to a high infection and mortality rate. Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has been downgraded to epidemic status in many countries, the real number of infections is unknown, particularly in low-income countries. However, precision shielding is used in COVID-19 management, and requires estimates of mass infection in key groups. As a result, rapid tests for the virus could be a useful screening tool for asymptomatic virus shedders who are about to come into contact with sensitive groups. In Africa and other low- and middle-income countries there is high rate of COVID-19 under-diagnosis, due to the high cost of molecular assays. Exploring alternate assays to the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 diagnosis is highly warranted. AIM This review explored the feasibility of using alternate molecular, rapid antigen, and serological diagnostic assays to accurately and precisely diagnose COVID-19 in African populations, and to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR diagnostic challenges in Africa. METHOD We reviewed publications from internet sources and searched for appropriate documents available in English. This included Medline, Google Scholar, and Ajol. We included primary literature and some review articles that presented knowledge on the current trends on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in Africa and globally. RESULTS Based on our analysis, we highlight the utility of four different alternatives to RT-PCR. These include two isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays (loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)), rapid antigen testing, and antibody testing for tackling difficulties posed by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing in Africa. CONCLUSION The economic burden associated COVID-19 mass testing by RT-PCR will be difficult for low-income nations to meet. We provide evidence for the utility and deployment of these alternate testing methods in Africa and other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Yusuf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700233, Nigeria;
| | - Mark Appeaning
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG54, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, P.O. Box KF981, Koforidua 03420, Ghana
| | - Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University Kano (ACEPHAP), Kano 700233, Nigeria; (T.G.A.); (B.M.M.); (H.S.G.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano 700233, Nigeria
| | - Baba Maiyaki Musa
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University Kano (ACEPHAP), Kano 700233, Nigeria; (T.G.A.); (B.M.M.); (H.S.G.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano 700233, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Shehu Galadanci
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University Kano (ACEPHAP), Kano 700233, Nigeria; (T.G.A.); (B.M.M.); (H.S.G.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700233, Nigeria
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG54, Legon, Accra 23321, Ghana;
- Correspondence: (P.K.Q.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Isah Abubakar Aliyu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700233, Nigeria;
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University Kano (ACEPHAP), Kano 700233, Nigeria; (T.G.A.); (B.M.M.); (H.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.Q.); (I.A.A.)
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Abstract
Filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia represent an important group of plasma membrane protrusions. These specialized projections are supported by parallel bundles of actin filaments and have critical roles in sensing the external environment, increasing cell surface area, and acting as mechanosensors. While actin-associated proteins are essential for actin-filament elongation and bundling in these protrusions, myosin motors have a surprising role in the formation and extension of filopodia and stereocilia and in the organization of microvilli. Actin regulators and specific myosins collaborate in controlling the length of these structures. Myosins can transport cargoes along the length of these protrusions, and, in the case of stereocilia and microvilli, interactions with adaptors and cargoes can also serve to anchor adhesion receptors to the actin-rich core via functionally conserved motor-adaptor complexes. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the diverse roles myosins play in filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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