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Rao MFS, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Oncolytic Virotherapy: An Advanced Microbial Approach for the Management of Cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-13. [PMID: 37824388 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of the tumor (cancerous) cells may be caused by live viruses, which have replicative ability and replicate selectively in tumor cells, known as oncolytic virotherapy. In comparison of conservative cancer therapy, tumor-selective replicating viruses have more advantages. These viruses have introduced new methodologies for the human cancer treatment. Numerous strategies are used in development of virotherapeutics. Virotherapy is not unusual concept, but modern advances in technology of genetic modification of oncolytic viruses have improved the ability of targeting tumor cells more specifically, it triggered the development of novel ammunition to fight cancer. An effective virotherapeutic approach with oncolytic viruses exhibits the feasibility and safety under clinical approach. New strategies are being explored to overcome basic obstacles and challenges in virotherapy. Administration of oncolytic viruses, logically, will successfully augment new treatments against many kinds of tumors. Some encouraging antitumor responses shown by combination therapy are provoking strong immunity against established cancer. Chief developments in oncolytic virotherapy have seen in past several years. Significant understandings have been provided by findings on the interface among immune comebacks and viruses, whereas potential results have shown in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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2
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Qadir MI, Ahmed B, Hussain N. Efficacy and Nuances of Precision Molecular Engineering for Hodgkin's Disease to a Gene Therapeutic Approach. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:41-50. [PMID: 38618727 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2024052378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a particularly useful treatment for nervous system genetic diseases, including those induced especially by infectious organisms and antigens, and is being utilized to treat Hodgkin's disease (HD). Due to the possible clonal relationship between both disorders, immunotherapy directed against CD20 positive cells may be a more effective treatment in patients with persistent HD and NHL. HL growth can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by AdsIL-13Ralpha2. High-dose treatment combined with stem cell transplantation has been effective in treating HIV-negative lymphoma that has progressed to high-risk or relapsed disease. For therapy, LMP2-specific CTL will be used. Furthermore, it is possible to view the cytotoxicity of genetically modified adenoviruses that express proteins such as p27Kip1, p21Waf1, and p16INK4A as a foundational element for (2,5)-derived ALCL genetic treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Qadir MI, Ahmed B, Noreen S. Advances in the Management of Neuroblastoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-13. [PMID: 38073438 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of neuroblasts, immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. It usually affects children under age of 5. As usual, the tumor has ability to grow rapidly and to expand vastly which ultimately leads to death. Mostly, management decisions can be drawn by the prediction of the stage of the disease as well as age at the time of its diagnosis. There are four main stages of neuroblastoma, and treatment is according to the low and high risk of the disease. Several cytotoxic agents along with other therapies (antibody therapy, gene therapy, and even immunological therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, etc.) are used. Immunotherapy also has an important treatment option used nowadays for neuroblastoma. The discovery of major neuroblastoma-predisposition gene anaplastic lymphoma kinase cause somatic transformation or gene strengthening in diagnosed neuroblastoma. Promising new antiangiogenic strategies have also been introduced for the treatment of neuroblastoma with multiple mylomas. To manage numerous myelomas and cancers, including neuroblastoma, bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sumaira Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Governemnet College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Anwar S, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Arboviruses: Transmission and Host Resistance. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:15-31. [PMID: 38073439 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, there is a complete description of the classes of arboviruses, their evolutionary process, virus characterization, disease transmission methods; it also describes about the vectors involved in transmission and their mood of transmission, both biologically as well as non-biologically and, about host, the resistance mechanism in host, and artificial methods of preventing those viral transmissions. Arboviruses transmitted to hosts by some vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, etc. The virus replicates in the host can be prevented by some host resistance mechanisms like RNA interference (RNAi), which degrade virus RNA by its antiviral activity, insect repellents, IGRs, and PI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Anwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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He L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Chong H, Hu X, Li D, Xing H, He Y, Shao Y, Hong K, Ma L. Broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity and high drug resistance barrier of lipopeptide HIV fusion inhibitor LP-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199938. [PMID: 37256122 PMCID: PMC10225588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptide-19, a HIV fusion inhibitor (LP-19), has showed potent anti-HIV activity. However, there is still limited information of the antiviral activity against different subtype clinical isolates and the drug resistance barrier of LP-19. Therefore, 47 HIV clinical isolates were selected for this study. The viral features were identified, in which 43 strains are CCR5 tropisms, and 4 strains are CCR5/CXCR4 tropisms, and there are 6 subtype B', 15 CRF01_AE, 14 CRF07_BC, 2 CRF08_BC and 10 URF strains. These 47 viruses were used to detected and analyze the inhibitory activities of LP-19. The results showed that the average 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of LP-19 were 0.50 nM and 1.88 nM, respectively. The average IC50 of LP-19 to B', CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and URF strains was 0.76 nM, 0.29 nM, 0.38 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.44 nM, respectively. C34 and Enfuvirtide (T-20), two fusion inhibitors, were compared on the corresponding strains simultaneously. The antiviral activity of LP-19 was 16.7-fold and 86-fold higher than that of C34 and T-20. The antiviral activity of LP-19, C34, and T-20 were further detected and showed IC50 was 0.15 nM, 1.02 nM, and 66.19 nM, respectively. IC50 of LP-19 was about 7-fold and 441-fold higher compared to C34 and T-20 against HIV-1 NL4-3 strains. NL4-3 strains were exposed to increasing concentrations of LP-19 and C34 in MT-2 cell culture. The culture virus was sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that A243V mutation site identified at weeks 28, 32, 38, and 39 of the cell culture in the gp41 CP (cytoplasmic domain) region. NL4-3/A243V viruses containing A243V mutation were constructed. Comparing the antiviral activities of LP-19 against HIV NL4-3 to HIV strains (only 1.3-fold), HIV did not show drug resistance when LP-19 reached 512-fold of the initial concentration under the drug pressure for 39 weeks. This study suggests that LP-19 has broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity, and high drug resistance barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kunxue Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Qadir MI, Ahmed B, Noreen S. AIDS Dementia Complex: Neurotoxicity in AIDS Patients. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:1-10. [PMID: 37606160 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a nervous system disorder that harms the neurons in different parts of the brain. Various features are involved in altering the normal activities of neurons. Neurotoxicity is induced due to HIV viral proteins such as gp120, SDF, Tat, etc. These proteins target macrophages, glial cells, astrocytes, and release neurotoxins. These neurotoxins proved harmful for the neurons, caused apoptotic cell death by raising calcium, glutamate level and by producing various free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO·). Lipid peroxidation and lipids rafts also play a vital role in producing toxicity and apoptotic cell death. Membrane associated oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and high level of HNE (4-hydroxynonenal); all are involved in ADC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sumaira Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Governemnet College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Qadir MI, Bashir H, Ahmad MH. Human Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: From Etiology to Current Treatment. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:15-24. [PMID: 37824374 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023049730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a common but most harmful oral cavity infection caused by yeast-like fungus, this condition is called Oropharyngeal candidiasis. There are various species of candida that are responsible for oral cavity fungal infection including mostly Candida albicans. Different candida infections may be acute and chronic. Cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and granulocytes are the immune factors for the cause of this infection. Different antifungal drugs like nystatin, fluconazole, and amphotericin are used to treat oral cavity fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hina Bashir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hammad Ahmad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Valadés-Alcaraz A, Reinosa R, Holguín Á. HIV Transmembrane Glycoprotein Conserved Domains and Genetic Markers Across HIV-1 and HIV-2 Variants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855232. [PMID: 35694284 PMCID: PMC9184819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope transmembrane glycoproteins gp41 (HIV-1) and gp36 (HIV-2) present high variability and play a key role in the HIV-host cell membrane's fusion, as a target for human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and drugs. Thus, a better knowledge of amino acid (aa) conservation across structural domains and HIV variants can help to identify conserved targets to direct new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. All available gp41/gp36 nucleotide sequences were downloaded from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) HIV Sequence Database, selecting 17,078 sequences ascribed to HIV-1 and HIV-2 variants with ≥3 sequences. After aligning and translating into aa with MEGAv6.0, an in-house bioinformatics program (EpiMolBio) was used to identify the most conserved aa and the aa changes that were specific for each variant (V-markers) vs. HXB2/BEN (HIV-1/HIV-2) reference sequence. We analyzed the presence of specific aa changes among V-markers affecting infectivity, gp41 structure, function, or resistance to the enfuvirtide viral fusion inhibitor (T-20). We also inferred the consensus sequences per HIV variant, describing in each HIV-1 group (M, N, O, P) the conservation level along the complete gp41 per structural domain and locating in each binding site the anti-gp41 human Abs (bnAbs and non bnAbs) described in LANL. We found 38.3/59.7% highly conserved aa present in ≥90% of the 16,803/275 gp41/gp36 sequences ascribed to 105/3 HIV-1/HIV-2 variants, with 9/12.6% of them showing complete conservation across LANL sequences. The fusion peptide, its proximal region, the N-heptad repeat, and the membrane-proximal external region were the gp41 domains with ≥84% of conserved aa in the HIV-1 consensus sequence, the target of most Abs. No natural major resistance mutations to T-20 were observed. Our results show, for the first time, a complete conservation study of gp41/gp36 per variant in the largest panel of HIV variants analyzed to date, providing useful information for a more rational design of drugs, vaccines, and molecular detection tests targeting the HIV transmembrane glycoprotein.
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Kuroki A, Tay J, Lee GH, Yang YY. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptides and Polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101113. [PMID: 34599850 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the human cost of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being witnessed worldwide, the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents against emerging and re-emerging viruses is seen as a necessity to hamper the spread of infections. Various targets during the viral life-cycle can be considered to inhibit viral infection, from viral attachment to viral fusion or replication. Macromolecules represent a particularly attractive class of therapeutics due to their multivalency and versatility. Although several antiviral macromolecules hold great promise in clinical applications, the emergence of resistance after prolonged exposure urges the need for improved solutions. In the present article, the recent advancement in the discovery of antiviral peptides and polymers with diverse structural features and antiviral mechanisms is reviewed. Future perspectives, such as, the development of virucidal peptides/polymers and their coatings against SARS-CoV-2 infection, standardization of antiviral testing protocols, and use of artificial intelligence or machine learning as a tool to accelerate the discovery of antiviral macromolecules, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Kuroki
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
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Chan KF, Su CTT, Krah A, Phua SX, Yeo JY, Ling WL, Bond PJ, Gan SKE. An Alternative HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition Mechanism: Targeting the p51 Subunit. Molecules 2020; 25:E5902. [PMID: 33322154 PMCID: PMC7763519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing development of drug resistance in HIV continues to push for the need of alternative drug targets in inhibiting HIV. One such target is the Reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme which is unique and critical in the viral life cycle-a rational target that is likely to have less off-target effects in humans. Serendipitously, we found two chemical scaffolds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diversity Set V that inhibited HIV-1 RT catalytic activity. Computational structural analyses and subsequent experimental testing demonstrated that one of the two chemical scaffolds binds to a novel location in the HIV-1 RT p51 subunit, interacting with residue Y183, which has no known association with previously reported drug resistance. This finding supports the possibility of a novel druggable site on p51 for a new class of non-nucleoside RT inhibitors that may inhibit HIV-1 RT allosterically. Although inhibitory activity was shown experimentally to only be in the micromolar range, the scaffolds serve as a proof-of-concept of targeting the HIV RT p51 subunit, with the possibility of medical chemistry methods being applied to improve inhibitory activity towards more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Fong Chan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Chinh Tran-To Su
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road Chromos #05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Alexander Krah
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Ser-Xian Phua
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road Chromos #05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Wei-Li Ling
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road Chromos #05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Peter J. Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (K.-F.C.); (C.T.-T.S.); (A.K.); (S.-X.P.); (J.Y.Y.); (W.-L.L.); (P.J.B.)
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road Chromos #05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05 Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Figueira TN, Domingues MM, Illien F, Cadima-Couto I, Todorovski T, Andreu D, Sagan S, Castanho MARB, Walrant A, Veiga AS. Enfuvirtide-Protoporphyrin IX Dual-Loaded Liposomes: In Vitro Evidence of Synergy against HIV-1 Entry into Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:224-236. [PMID: 31855415 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a nanocarrier consisting of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) for combined delivery of two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry inhibitors, enfuvirtide (ENF) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The intrinsic lipophilicity of ENF and PPIX, a fusion inhibitor and an attachment inhibitor, respectively, leads to their spontaneous incorporation into the lipid bilayer of the LUVs nanocarrier. Both entry inhibitors partition significantly toward LUVs composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and a 9:1 mixture of POPC:1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DPPE-PEG2000), representative of conventional and immune-evasive drug delivery formulations, respectively. These colocalize in the core of lipid membranes. Dual-loaded nanocarriers are monodispersed and retain the size distribution, thermotropic behavior, and surface charge of the unloaded form. Combination of the two entry inhibitors in the nanocarrier resulted in improved synergy against HIV-1 entry compared to combination in free form, strongly when immune-evasive formulations are used. We propose that the improved action of the entry inhibitors when loaded into the nanocarriers results from their slow release at the site of viral entry. Overall, liposomes remain largely unexplored platforms for combination of viral entry inhibitors, with potential for improvement of current antiretroviral therapy drug safety and application. Our work calls for a reappraisal of the potential of entry inhibitor combinations and delivery for clinical use in antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago N. Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco M. Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Françoise Illien
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Toni Todorovski
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Tan CJ, Li SF, Huang N, Zhang Y, Di YT, Zheng YT, Hao XJ. Daphnane Diterpenoids from Trigonostemon lii and Inhibition Activities Against HIV-1. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:37-44. [PMID: 32048186 PMCID: PMC7046902 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are the important source for the discovery of more potent anti-HIV agents. In this study, six daphnane diterpenoids including three unreported structures were isolated from Trigonostemon lii, which showed significant activities against HIV-1 strains replication in the nanomolar/picomolar range. Meanwhile, these diterpenoids significantly inhibited the fusion of H9/HIV-1 IIIB cells with uninfected C8166 cells, with the EC50s from 1.06 to 8.73 ng/mL, and did not show any inhibition activities against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Moreover, all of the diterpenoids shows significant inhibitions against T20-resistan HIV-1 strains, PNL4-3gp41(36G)V38E, N42S and pNL4-3gp41(36G)V38A, N42T. The results revealed that the six diterpenoids could be a new type of potential lead candidate as an HIV entry inhibitor, particularly for those infected by T20-resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Abstract
The individuals with HIV infection are more susceptible to develop coinfections with infectious pathogens such as HCV and HBV. The routes of transmission of these pathogens are the same including sexual contact, injection drug use, or at birth from mother to an infant. The main reason of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals is a liver disease in the context of antiretroviral therapy, and coinfection such as HCV and HBV complicates this condition. Nucleos(t)ide analogues are used for HBV infection management, and treatment of HCV infection is done by PegIFN and ribavirin combination and protease inhibitors. In this review, we focused on hepatitis B and C infections in HIV patients along with their therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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14
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Liang G, Wang H, Chong H, Cheng S, Jiang X, He Y, Wang C, Liu K. An effective conjugation strategy for designing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7875-82. [PMID: 27454320 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lengthy peptides corresponding to the C-terminal heptad repeat (C-peptides) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 are potent inhibitors against virus-cell fusion. Designing short C-peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors could potentially redress the physicochemical and technical liabilities of a long-peptide therapeutic. However, designing such inhibitors with high potency has been challenging. We generated a conjugated architecture by incorporating small-molecule inhibitors of gp41 into the N-terminus of a panel of truncated C-peptides. Among these small molecule-capped short peptides, the 26-residue peptide Indole-T26 inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral replication at low nanomolar levels, reaching the potency of the only clinically used 36-residue peptide T20 (enfuvirtide). Collectively, our work opens up a new avenue for developing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors, and may have broad applicability to the development of modulators of other class I fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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15
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16
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Bonache MÁ, Balsera B, López-Méndez B, Millet O, Brancaccio D, Gómez-Monterrey I, Carotenuto A, Pavone LM, Reille-Seroussi M, Gagey-Eilstein N, Vidal M, de la Torre-Martı́nez R, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A, García-López MT, Martín-Martínez M, de Vega MJP, González-Muñiz R. De novo designed library of linear helical peptides: an exploratory tool in the discovery of protein-protein interaction modulators. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:250-8. [PMID: 24725184 DOI: 10.1021/co500005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have emerged as important targets for pharmaceutical intervention because of their essential role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, but screening efforts using small-molecules have led to very low hit rates. Linear peptides could represent a quick and effective approach to discover initial PPI hits, particularly if they have inherent ability to adopt specific peptide secondary structures. Here, we address this hypothesis through a linear helical peptide library, composed of four sublibraries, which was designed by theoretical predictions of helicity (Agadir software). The 13-mer peptides of this collection fixes either a combination of three aromatic or two aromatic and one aliphatic residues on one face of the helix (Ac-SSEEX(5)ARNX(9)AAX(12)N-NH2), since these are structural features quite common at PPIs interfaces. The 81 designed peptides were conveniently synthesized by parallel solid-phase methodologies, and the tendency of some representative library components to adopt the intended secondary structure was corroborated through CD and NMR experiments. As proof of concept in the search for PPI modulators, the usefulness of this library was verified on the widely studied p53-MDM2 interaction and on the communication between VEGF and its receptor Flt-1, two PPIs for which a hydrophobic α-helix is essential for the interaction. We have demonstrated here that, in both cases, selected peptides from the library, containing the right hydrophobic sequence of the hot-spot in one of the protein partners, are able to interact with the complementary protein. Moreover, we have discover some new, quite potent inhibitors of the VEGF-Flt-1 interaction, just by replacing one of the aromatic residues of the initial F(5)Y(9)Y(12) peptide by W, in agreement with previous results on related antiangiogenic peptides. Finally, the HTS evaluation of the full collection on thermoTRPs has led to a few antagonists of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, which open new avenues on the way to innovative modulators of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Bonache
- Instituto de Química-Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Balsera
- Instituto de Química-Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Millet
- CICbioGUNE, Structural Biology Unit, 48160 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Isabel Gómez-Monterrey
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano
49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi M. Pavone
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marie Reille-Seroussi
- UMR
8638
CNRS, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, PRES
Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Gagey-Eilstein
- UMR
8638
CNRS, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, PRES
Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidal
- UMR
8638
CNRS, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, PRES
Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- UF
“Pharmacocinétique et pharmacochimie”, Hôpital Cochin, , AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Roberto de la Torre-Martı́nez
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Asia Fernández-Carvajal
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
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17
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Kim J, Kwon J, Lee D, Jo S, Park DS, Choi J, Park E, Hwang JY, Ko Y, Choi I, Ju MK, Ahn J, Kim J, Han SJ, Kim TH, Cechetto J, Nam J, Ahn S, Sommer P, Liuzzi M, No Z, Lee J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazolothienopyrimidine derivatives as novel HIV-1 replication inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Whitby LR, Boyle KE, Cai L, Yu X, Gochin M, Boger DL. Discovery of HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41 using a comprehensive α-helix mimetic library. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2861-5. [PMID: 22424973 PMCID: PMC3321071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of a comprehensive α-helix mimetic library for binding the gp41 NHR hydrophobic pocket recognizing an intramolecular CHR α-helix provided a detailed depiction of structural features required for binding and led to the discovery of small molecule inhibitors (K(i) 0.6-1.3 μM) that not only match or exceed the potency of those disclosed over the past decade, but that also exhibit effective activity in a cell-cell fusion assay (IC(50) 5-8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon R. Whitby
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kristopher E. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lifeng Cai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Miriam Gochin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University – California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
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19
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Janbaz KH, Qadir MI, Ahmad B, Sarwar A, Yaqoob N, Masood MI. Tuberculosis – burning issues: Multidrug resistance and HIV-coinfection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38:267-75. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.664539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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HIV microbicides: state-of-the-art and new perspectives on the development of entry inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1141-59. [PMID: 21426161 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV at the beginning of the 1980s, numerous efforts have been devoted to the search of an efficient vaccine. There are at least 25 drugs available for HIV treatment, but no cure is available. The observation that therapy for HIV disease is life long and that these drugs are associated with a number of side effects underlines the need for approaches aimed at preventing rather than treating infection. Additionally, the economic burden of treatment for the HIV infection occupies an increasing share of healthcare expenditure, making current practices likely to become difficult to sustain in the long run. Unfortunately, no effective vaccine for this disease is foreseeable in the near future. Microbicides could be an alternate way to build preventative approaches to HIV infection. Strategies based on preventing the virus from reaching its target cells seem to have some room for development and application. In this review we explore the state-of-the-art of available microbicides, focusing on HIV entry inhibitors. In addition, we discuss new compounds that show anti-HIV activity, which could be effective candidates.
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21
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Abstract
Marine microorganisms have expected mounting consideration on the basis of bioactive metabolites and propose an exclusive prospect to both enhance the amount of aquatic natural foodstuffs in clinical trials as well as speed up their progress. This review focuses particularly on those molecules, originated from marine microorganisms, presently in the medical pipeline that have been recognized or highly expected to be identified based on growing incidental evidence. Particularly karlotoxin class compounds, isolated from dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum, offer chances to create new molecules for control of cancer and high serum cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraza Javed
- College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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22
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Qadir M, Malik S. Genetic variation in the HR region of the env gene of HIV: A perspective for resistance to HIV fusion inhibitors. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:57-63. [PMID: 20874419 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV fusion inhibitors may be classified into three groups. Peptides binding to HR1 include T1249, C30, and T20 (enfuvirtide). Peptides binding to HR2 include 5-helix. XTT formazan, NB-2, and NB-64 are nonpeptide fusion inhibitors. Genotypic testing for drug resistance is used more commonly than phenotypic testing because of its lower cost, wider availability, and shorter turnaround time. The aim of the study was to predict the efficacy of fusion inhibitors for AIDS patients in our population. A total of 100 specimens were collected. The viral RNA was isolated and nucleotides of the required regions were sequenced using the BigDye terminator method. It is concluded from this study that viruses in our population may show resistance to C30 and T20 whereas the other fusion inhibitors may be effectively used for our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.I. Qadir
- College of Pharmacy, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S.A. Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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