1
|
Demirci B, Kandil B, Yüksel S, Gültiken ME. Morphological structure of rat tongue using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:75-83. [PMID: 36369917 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The rat is one of the most commonly used animals in biological research and experimental investigations in medicine. The ultrafine structural components of the epithelium differ depending on the anatomy of the animal and the papilla type. Animal adaptation to food types and environmental circumstances may also be linked to morphological diversity. In the current study, seven male Wistar rat tongues were investigated. For scanning electron microscope (SEM), two rat tongues were immersed in a 10% formalin solution and the other two rat tongues were immersed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution. The tongues of three rats were fixed for regular histological evaluation using triple staining. The three primary components of the Wistar rat tongue are the apex, body and root. The apex had a rounded and bifurcated shape. Filiform papillae and gustatory papillae were easily identified on the dorsal side of the tongue. There were three forms of gustatory papillae; fungiform papillae, vallate papillae and foliate papillae. The purpose of this study was to expose the tongue morphology of the Wistar rat species, which is widely used in investigations. Also, we wanted to show that formalin fixation can be utilized for morphological research in SEM. Finally, the Wistar rat tongue was thoroughly investigated and compared to those of other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beste Demirci
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Banu Kandil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Yüksel
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Murat Erdem Gültiken
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Barszcz K, Marycz K, Nawara T, Modlińska K, Stryjek R. Biological aspects of the tongue morphology of wild-captive WWCPS rats: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study. Anat Sci Int 2018; 93:514-532. [PMID: 29948977 PMCID: PMC6061249 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the tongue in wild-type rats using several microscopic techniques. Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek (WWCPS) rats belong to a lineage of wild-caught rats. The study was carried out on tongues of 15 male and 15 female WWCPS rats. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out. There were no significant differences between the male and female WWCPS rat tongues. There was a median groove approximately 1 cm long in the apex of the tongue that faded caudally. The intermolar prominence was clearly marked in the distal part of the lingual body. Lingual mechanical papillae located on the surface of the tongue formed four subtypes based on their shape: small filiform papillae, giant filiform papillae, thin elongated filiform papillae and wide filiform papillae. Gustatory papillae formed the second group of papillae and were divided into bud-shaped fungiform papillae, a single vallate papilla surrounded by an incomplete papillary groove and foliate papillae, which were a well-formed and composed of several pairs of folds divided by longitudinal grooves. In the posterior lingual glands (mucoserous and serous), acidic sulphated mucin-secreting cells gave a strong AB pH 2.5 positive reaction, and a positive reaction with the AB pH 1.0 stain for acidic carboxylated mucin. Double AB/PAS staining showed the presence of the majority of mucous cells with predominant of acidic mucins. Positive PAS staining showed the presence of neutral mucin. HDI staining demonstrated a weak positive reaction within Weber’s glands of the WWCPS rat tongue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Faculty of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nawara
- Faculty of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Stryjek
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Medeiros CCG, Borghetti RL, Nicoletti N, da Silva VD, Cherubini K, Salum FG, de Figueiredo MAZ. Polymethylmethacrylate dermal fillers: evaluation of the systemic toxicity in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 43:62-7. [PMID: 23871301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated local and systemic reactions after an intravascular injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at two concentrations in a murine model. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups: 2% PMMA, 30% PMMA, and a control group (normal saline only injection). The filler was injected into the ranine vein. The rats were sedated at 7 and 90 days and a clinical evaluation performed. After euthanasia, the right lung, liver, and right kidney were removed, weighed, and microscopically analyzed. The submandibular lymph nodes and tongue were removed and examined microscopically. Serum was subjected to liver and kidney function tests. No groups showed clinical alterations. Microspheres were not observed at any distant organ. Two samples from the 2% PMMA group showed a local inflammatory response at day 7 and another two samples from the 30% PMMA group at day 90. The group injected with 30% PMMA presented higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.047) after 90 days when compared with the other groups. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that intravascular injections of PMMA fillers show potential health risks such as chronic inflammation at the implantation site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C G Medeiros
- Division of Oral Medicine, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - R L Borghetti
- Division of Oral Medicine, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - N Nicoletti
- Postgraduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V D da Silva
- Division of Pathology, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K Cherubini
- Division of Oral Medicine, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F G Salum
- Division of Oral Medicine, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M A Z de Figueiredo
- Division of Oral Medicine, PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Luo P, Wang Y, Li W, Wang C, Sun D, Zhang R, Su T, Ma X, Zeng C, Wang H, Ren J, Cao F. Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes via a cAMP/PKA/Rho-dependent mechanism. Diabetes 2013; 62:1697-708. [PMID: 23364453 PMCID: PMC3636622 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac microvascular function contributes to cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exhibits potential cardioprotective properties in addition to its glucose-lowering effect. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of GLP-1 on cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes and the underlying mechanism involved. Experimental diabetes was induced using streptozotocin in rats. Cohorts of diabetic rats received a 12-week treatment of vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) or exenatide (GLP-1 analog). Experimental diabetes attenuated cardiac function, glucose uptake, and microvascular barrier function, which were significantly improved by vildagliptin or exenatide treatment. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and cultured in normal or high glucose medium with or without GLP-1. GLP-1 decreased high-glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic index, as well as the levels of NADPH oxidase such as p47(phox) and gp91(phox). Furthermore, cAMP/PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity) was increased and Rho-expression was decreased in high-glucose-induced CMECs after GLP-1 treatment. In conclusion, GLP-1 could protect the cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the resultant microvascular barrier dysfunction in diabetes, which may contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and cardiac glucose metabolism in diabetes. The protective effects of GLP-1 are dependent on downstream inhibition of Rho through a cAMP/PKA-mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author: Feng Cao, , or Jun Ren, , or Haichang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bolina CDS, Bolina-Matos RDS, Alves PHDM, Cury DP, Ciena AP, Watanabe IS. Three-dimensional aspects of the structural characteristics and kidney angioarchitecture of adult and aged Wistar rats: a scanning electron microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:538-44. [PMID: 23450772 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the structural morphological characteristics and organization of the kidney angioarchitecture in adult and aged Wistar rats using different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Twenty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups: the Adult Group (n = 10), which included animals at 3 months of age, and the Aged Group (n = 10), which included animals at 24 months of age. Kidney samples from both groups were analyzed using three distinct SEM methods: coronal sections, cryofracturing and vascular corrosion casts/angioarchitecture. This study demonstrates the specificity of each technique for three-dimensional morphological analyses of the kidney using SEM. In the coronal sections, it was possible to view the structures on a given plane; the stratigraphy was best observed in the cryofracture method, and the vascular corrosion casts showed the organization and arrangement of the angioarchitecture. Thus, we concluded that the SEM methods together provide the best description of the morphological characteristics of normal and pathological kidneys of adult and aged Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Sousa Bolina
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin Z, Fan L, Wei L, Gao H, Zhang R, Tao L, Cao F, Wang H. FTY720 protects cardiac microvessels of diabetes: a critical role of S1P1/3 in diabetic heart disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42900. [PMID: 22916176 PMCID: PMC3419247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiac microvascular disease. The mechanisms by which this damage occurs are unknown. However, research suggests that signaling through the sphingosine-1-phosphates receptor 1 and 3 (S1P1/3) by FTY720, a sphiongolipid drug that is structually similar to SIP, may play a role in the treatment on cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. We hypothesized that FTY720 might exert the cardioprotective effects of S1P1 and S1P3 viaprotein kinase C-beta (PKCβ II) signaling pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings: Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to detect the change of cardiac function. Scanning and transmission electron microscope with lanthanum tracer were used to determine microvascular ultrastructure and permeability in vivo. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and CD31 dual labeling in paraffin-embedded sections. Laser capture miscrodissection was used to assess cardiac micovascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in vivo. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine the mRNA levels and protein expression of S1P1, S1P3, and PKCβ II. In the diabetic rats vs. controls, cardiac capillaries showed significantly higher density; CD31 positive endothelial cells were significantly reduced; the apoptosis index of cardiac endothlial cells was significantly higher. And FTY720 could increase the expressional level of S1P1 and boost S1P3 trasnslocation from membrane to nuclear, then ameliorate cardiac microvascular barrier impairment and pathologic angiogenesis induced by diabetes. In addition, overexpression of PKCβ II significantly decreased the protective effect of FTY720. Conclusions: Our study represents that the deregulation of S1P1 and S1P3 is an important signalresponsible for cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. FTY720 might be competent to serve as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic heart disease through ameliorating cardiac microvascular barrier impairment and pathologic angiogenesis, which might be partly dependent on PKCβII-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linni Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Haokao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei L, Yin Z, Yuan Y, Hwang A, Lee A, Sun D, Li F, Di C, Zhang R, Cao F, Wang H. A PKC-β inhibitor treatment reverses cardiac microvascular barrier dysfunction in diabetic rats. Microvasc Res 2010; 80:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
8
|
Rossi-Schneider TR, Verli FD, Marinho SA, Yurgel LS, De Souza MAL. Study of intussusceptive angiogenesis in inflammatory regional lymph nodes by scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:14-9. [PMID: 19526518 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of intussusceptive angiogenesis in blood vessels from submandibular lymph nodes responsible for lymphatic drainage of the tongue. A surgical wound inflicted on the ventral tongue of male Wistar rats and submandibular regional lymph nodes were evaluated at different postoperative periods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe 123 lymph nodes at times 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postoperative days. During the analysis of the vascular models with SEM, intussusceptive angiogenesis was observed in all groups evaluated. This was more extensive on the second and third postoperative days (83.33% and 80%, respectively), representing in these groups the expansion of the vascular chain of lymph nodes. At 21 postoperative days, intussusceptive angiogenesis (42.85%) was suggestive of vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tíssiana Rachel Rossi-Schneider
- School of Dentistry, Morphological Science Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|