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Ogneva IV. The Mechanoreception in Drosophila melanogaster Oocyte under Modeling Micro- and Hypergravity. Cells 2023; 12:1819. [PMID: 37508484 PMCID: PMC10377865 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis about the role of the cortical cytoskeleton as the primary mechanosensor was tested. Drosophila melanogaster oocytes were exposed to simulated microgravity (by 3D clinorotation in random directions with 4 rotations per minute-sµg group) and hypergravity at the 2 g level (by centrifugal force from one axis rotation-hg group) for 30, 90, and 210 min without and with cytochalasin B, colchicine, acrylamide, and calyculin A. Cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy, protein content in the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions by Western blotting, and cellular respiration by polarography. The obtained results indicate that the stiffness of the cortical cytoskeleton of Drosophila melanogaster oocytes decreases in simulated micro- (after 90 min) and hypergravity (after 30 min), possibly due to intermediate filaments. The cell stiffness recovered after 210 min in the hg group, but intact microtubules were required for this. Already after 30 min of exposure to sµg, the cross-sectional area of oocytes decreased, which indicates deformation, and the singed protein, which organizes microfilaments into longitudinal bundles, diffused from the cortical cytoskeleton into the cytoplasm. Under hg, after 30 min, the cross-sectional area of the oocytes increased, and the proteins that organize filament networks, alpha-actinin and spectrin, diffused from the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ogneva
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76a, Khoroshevskoyoe Shosse, 123007 Moscow, Russia
- Medical and Biological Physics Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Ogneva IV, Golubkova MA, Biryukov NS, Kotov OV. Drosophila melanogaster Oocytes after Space Flight: The Early Period of Adaptation to the Force of Gravity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233871. [PMID: 36497128 PMCID: PMC9736949 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of space flight factors and the subsequent adaptation to the Earth's gravity on oocytes is still poorly understood. Studies of mammalian oocytes in space present significant technical difficulties; therefore, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a convenient test subject. In this study, we analyzed the structure of the oocytes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the maturation of which took place under space flight conditions (the "Cytomehanarium" experiment on the Russian Segment of the ISS during the ISS-67 expedition). The collection of the oocytes began immediately after landing and continued for 12 h. The flies were then transferred onto fresh agar plates and oocyte collection continued for the subsequent 12 h. The stiffness of oocytes was determined by atomic force microscopy and the content of the cytoskeletal proteins by Western blotting. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the stiffness of oocytes in the flight group compared to the control (26.5 ± 1.1 pN/nm vs. 31.0 ± 1.8 pN/nm) against the background of a decrease in the content of some cytoskeletal proteins involved in the formation of microtubules and microfilaments. This pattern of oocyte structure leads to the disruption of cytokinesis during the cleavage of early embryos.
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3
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Cheng J, Song J, Wang Y, Wei H, He L, Liu Y, Ding H, Huang Q, Hu C, Huang X, Jiang Y, Wu Y. Conformation and anticancer activity of a novel mannogalactan from the fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus sanghuang on HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111336. [PMID: 35651086 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble mannogalactan (SSPS1) with an average molecular weight of 2.04 × 104 Da was obtained from the fruiting bodies of the Sanghuangporus sanghuang. It revealed that SSPS1 was composed of d-galactose, d-mannose, l-fucose, 3-O-methylgalactose and d-glucose in a ratio of 6.2:3.9:3.1:2.1:1.0. The structural elucidation of SSPS1 consisted of 1, 6-linked α-D-Galp, 1, 6-linked α-D-Manp and 1, 6-linked 3-O-methyl-α-D-Galp backbone with branching at O-2 of 1, 6-α-D-mannosyl residues by α-L-Fucp and α-D-Glcp units. The conformational parameters suggested that a flexible chain conformation of SSPS1 in solution based on light scattering and atomic force microscopy imaging. Intriguingly, it presented potent anticancer activity on HepG2 cell with Rq and Ra values increased dramatically up to 73.93 nm and 53.92 nm compared with the control. The analysis of flow cytometry indicated SSPS1 could induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and arrest them via S phase. Western blot assay further uncovered that apoptosis process was triggered by SSPS1 via a mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway, which was evidenced by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, the release of cytochrome c and the strong activation of caspase-3 and 9. Taken together, these results suggested that SSPS1 might be applied in functional food as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiling Song
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hailong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chuanjiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Characteristic Plantation Technology Extension Center of Jiangshan, Zhejiang 324199, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Cui M, Huang J, Sun M, Zhao X, Zhao Q. Robotic Micropipette Aspiration for Multiple Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E348. [PMID: 31137867 PMCID: PMC6562722 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As there are significant variations of cell elasticity among individual cells, measuring the elasticity of batch cells is required for obtaining statistical results of cell elasticity. At present, the micropipette aspiration (MA) technique is the most widely used cell elasticity measurement method. Due to a lack of effective cell storage and delivery methods, the existing manual and robotic MA methods are only capable of measuring a single cell at a time, making the MA of batch cells low efficiency. To address this problem, we developed a robotic MA system capable of storing multiple cells with a feeder micropipette (FM), picking up cells one-by-one to measure their elasticity with a measurement micropipette (MM). This system involved the following key techniques: Maximum permissible tilt angle of MM and FM determination, automated cell adhesion detection and cell adhesion break, and automated cell aspiration. The experimental results demonstrated that our system was able to continuously measure more than 20 cells with a manipulation speed quadrupled in comparison to existing methods. With the batch cell measurement ability, cell elasticity of pig ovum cultured in different environmental conditions was measured to find optimized culturing protocols for oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Liu
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Maosheng Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China.
| | | | - Mingzhu Sun
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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5
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Razvag Y, Neve-Oz Y, Sherman E, Reches M. Nanoscale Topography-Rigidity Correlation at the Surface of T Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:346-356. [PMID: 30485065 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells affect their function, in sensing, development, and motility. However, the rigidity of the cell surface and its correlation to its local topography remain poorly understood. Here, we applied quantitative imaging AFM to capture high-resolution force maps at the surface of nonadherent T cells. Using this method, we found a positive topography-rigidity correlation at the cells' surface, as opposed to a negative correlation at the surface of adherent cells. We then used 3D single-molecule localization microscopy of the membrane and cortical actin and an actin-perturbing drug to implicate actin involvement in the positive rigidity-topography correlation in T cells. Our results clearly reveal the variability of cell-surface rigidity and its underlying mechanism, showing a functional role for cortical actin in the PM protrusions of T cells, since they are locally more rigid than their surroundings. These findings suggest the possible functional role of membrane protrusions as mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Razvag
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
- Racah Institute of Physics , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Yair Neve-Oz
- Racah Institute of Physics , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91904 , Israel
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6
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Hu X, Zhai Y, Shi R, Qian Y, Cui H, Yang J, Bi Y, Yan T, Yang J, Ma Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Li G, Zhang M, Cui Y, Kong P, Cheng X. FAT1 inhibits cell migration and invasion by affecting cellular mechanical properties in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2136-2146. [PMID: 29565465 PMCID: PMC5928768 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) belongs to the cadherin superfamily and has been reported to regulate cell-cell adhesion and other cell behaviors, suggesting its pivotal roles in human cancers. We previously identified FAT1 as one of the significant mutant genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, the knockdown of FAT1 expression in YSE2 and Colo680N cell lines was carried out by lentivirus, and we found that knockdown of FAT1 led to acceleration of cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we detected the cell adhesive force and cell elasticity force by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and found that the suppression of endogenous expression of FAT1 led to a decrease in the cell adhesive force and increase in the cell elasticity force compared with the control groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that FAT1 altered cellular mechanical properties leading to deregulation of cell migration and invasion of ESCC, which may be a novel target for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang Zhai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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7
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Yeow N, Tabor RF, Garnier G. Atomic force microscopy: From red blood cells to immunohaematology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:149-162. [PMID: 28515013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers complementary imaging modes that can provide morphological and structural details of red blood cells (RBCs), and characterize interactions between specific biomolecules and RBC surface antigen. This review describes the applications of AFM in determining RBC health by the observation of cell morphology, elasticity and surface roughness. Measurement of interaction forces between plasma proteins and antibodies against RBC surface antigen using the AFM also brought new information to the immunohaematology field. With constant improvisation of the AFM in resolution and imaging time, the reaction of RBC to changes in the physico-chemistry of its environment and the presence of RBC surface antigen specific-biomolecules is achievable.
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8
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Qu Y, Wang Z, Zhao F, Liu J, Zhang W, Li J, Song Z, Xu H. AFM-detected apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by American ginseng root water extract. Micron 2017; 104:1-7. [PMID: 29049926 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
American ginseng as a common and traditional herbal medicine has been used in cancer treatment for many years. However, the effect of American ginseng on the cancer cell response (i.e. apoptosis) has not been fully understood yet. Previous studies demonstrated that cellular apoptosis was associated with the changes of mechanical and morphological properties. Therefore, in this study, mechanical and morphological characterizations were carried out by both atomic force microscope (AFM) and inverted optical microscope to investigate the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (SMMC-7721) cells affected by American ginseng root water extract (AGRWE). The results showed that the cells treated with AGRWE exhibited significantly larger surface roughness, height and elastic modulus values than control group. Moreover, those parameters were upregulated under the higher concentration of AGRWE and longer culture time. Consequently, it indicates that the mechanical and morphological properties can be used as the apoptotic characteristics of SMMC-7721 cells. Also, the increased surface roughness and elastic modulus of cells under the AGRWE treatment have shown that the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells can be enhanced by AGRWE. This will provide an important implication for hepatocelluar carcinoma treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Jinyun Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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9
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Liu J, Qu Y, Wang G, Wang X, Zhang W, Li J, Wang Z, Li D, Jiang J. Study of morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 cells by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:3-12. [PMID: 28990709 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article studies the morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 colon cancer cells by atomic force microscopy to understand their drug-resistance. The SW480 cells were incubated with the fullerenol concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. Morphological and mechanical features including the height, length, width, roughness, adhesion force and Young's modulus of three multinuclear cell groups and three mononuclear cell groups were imaged and analyzed. It was observed that the features of multinuclear cancer cells and mononuclear cancer cells were significantly different after the treatment with fullerenol. The experiment results indicated that the mononuclear SW480 cells were more sensitive to fullerenol than the multinuclear SW480 cells, and the multinuclear SW480 cells exhibited a stronger drug-resistance than the mononuclear SW480 cells. This work provides a guideline for the treatments of multinuclear and mononuclear cancer cells with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Yingmin Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Dayou Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
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10
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Dutta D, Palmer XL, Asmar A, Stacey M, Qian S. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced changes in cell surface charge density. Micron 2017; 100:45-49. [PMID: 28494437 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study reports that the surface charge density changes in Jurkat cells with the application of single 60 nanosecond pulse electric fields, using atomic force microscopy. Using an atomic force microscope tip and Jurkat cells on silica in a 0.01M KCl ionic concentration, we were able to measure the interfacial forces, while also predicting surface charge densities of both Jurkat cell and silica surfaces. The most important finding is that the pulsing conditions varyingly reduced the cells' surface charge density. This offers a novel way in which to examine cellular effects of pulsed electric fields that may lead to the identification of unique mechanical responses. Compared to a single low field strength NsPEF (15kV/cm) application, exposure of Jurkat cells to a single high field strength NsPEF (60kV/cm) resulted in a further reduction in charge density and major morphological changes. The structural, physical, and chemical properties of biological cells immensely influence their electrostatic force; we were able to investigate this through the use of atomic force microscopy by measuring the surface forces between the AFM's tip and the Jurkat cells under different pulsing conditions as well as the interfacial forces in ionic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Dutta
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska at Kearney, NE, USA.
| | | | - Anthony Asmar
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Michael Stacey
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Institute of Micro & Nanotechnology, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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11
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Alimba CG, Gandhi D, Sivanesan S, Bhanarkar MD, Naoghare PK, Bakare AA, Krishnamurthi K. Chemical characterization of simulated landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India and their cytotoxicity and DNA damage inductions on three human cell lines. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:469-479. [PMID: 27614039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfill soils are sources of emerging carcinogens, teratogens and mutagens in the environment. There is inadequate information on its possible health risk and cytogenotoxicity. This study evaluated chemical characterization of four simulated landfill leachates with their cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells. Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), lymphoma (Jurkat) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, incubated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of Aba Eku (AEL), Olusosun (OSL), Awotan (AWL) and Nagpur (NPL) simulated leachates for 24 h, were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay and morphological alterations. DNA damage was also assessed after 24 h treatment of cells with sub-lethal concentrations of the leachates using comet assay. Metals and organic compounds in the soil leachates were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) respectively. The leachates induced significant cytotoxicity in the treated cells with evidence of apoptosis; shrunken morphologies, detachment from the substratum and cytoplasmic vacuolations. Similarly, there was significant DNA damage induced in the treated cells, with increased Olive tail moment, tail length and % tail DNA. Jurkat was the most sensitive (Jurkat > HepG2 > HOS) to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leachates. All the analyzed metals except Cd, Fe, Zn and Mn were found at levels lower than standard allowable limits. 32, 17, 23 and 23 different PAHs and PCBs were detected in AEL, AWL, OSL and NPL respectively, at varying retention peak times. These toxic constituents induced the observed cytogenotoxicity in the cells and may suggest possible public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Deepa Gandhi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Mayuresh D Bhanarkar
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
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12
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Shen X, Su H. In vitro stability and cytotoxicity analysis of liposomes anchored with octylamine-graft-poly (aspartic). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the polymer, octylamine-graft-poly (aspartic) (PASP-g-C8), which acted as acidic triggered molecules, liposomes anchored with PASP-g-C8 (OPLPs) could be safe and efficient pH sensitive drug carriers and target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT)
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT)
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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13
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Gonzales GB, Van Camp J, Vissenaekens H, Raes K, Smagghe G, Grootaert C. Review on the Use of Cell Cultures to Study Metabolism, Transport, and Accumulation of Flavonoids: From Mono-Cultures to Co-Culture Systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
- Dept. of Industrial Biological Science, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Kortrijk 8500 Belgium
- Dept. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Hanne Vissenaekens
- Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Dept. of Industrial Biological Science, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Kortrijk 8500 Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Dept. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Dept. of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent Univ; Gent 9000 Belgium
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14
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Khakshour S, Beischlag TV, Sparrey C, Park EJ. Probing mechanical properties of Jurkat cells under the effect of ART using oscillating optical tweezers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126548. [PMID: 25928073 PMCID: PMC4416051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoid leukemia is a common type of blood cancer and chemotherapy is the initial treatment of choice. Quantifying the effect of a chemotherapeutic drug at the cellular level plays an important role in the process of the treatment. In this study, an oscillating optical tweezer was employed to characterize the frequency-dependent mechanical properties of Jurkat cells exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent, artesunate (ART). A motion equation for a bead bound to a cell was applied to describe the mechanical characteristics of the cell cytoskeleton. By comparing between the modeling results and experimental results from the optical tweezer, the stiffness and viscosity of the Jurkat cells before and after the ART treatment were obtained. The results demonstrate a weak power-law dependency of cell stiffness with frequency. Furthermore, the stiffness and viscosity were increased after the treatment. Therefore, the cytoskeleton cell stiffness as the well as power-law coefficient can provide a useful insight into the chemo-mechanical relationship of drug treated cancer cells and may serve as another tool for evaluating therapeutic performance quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Khakshour
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Sparrey
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Edward J Park
- School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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15
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Lu P, Yao S, Cai J, Yang PH. Synthesis and synergetic anti-tumor activity evaluation of dihydroartemisinin-organogermanium(IV) compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5294-7. [PMID: 25304899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of the herb artemisinin, has shown commendable bioactivity. In this paper, a novel dihydroartemisinin-organogermanium (DHA-Ge) compound was synthesized, characterized and its potential anti-tumor activity was evaluated by various methods. MTT results demonstrated that DHA-Ge could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and showed their dose-dependent properties. The IC50 value of inhibition effect on HepG2 cells of DHA-Ge was 10.23 μg/ml which was lower than 39.44 μg/ml of DHA. Flow cytometric results suggested that DHA-Ge could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the apoptosis rate was 20.26% after 24h treatment with 56.8 μg/ml DHA-Ge concentration. Atomic force microscopy images showed that HepG2 cells were collapsed and the cell nucleus were fragmented after 24h treatment. All these results together showed that the DHA-Ge possessed desirable synergetic enhanced anti-tumor effects and could be developed as a suitable tumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuguang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei-hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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16
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Liu YQ, Li Y, Qin J, Wang Q, She YL, Luo YL, He JX, Li JY, Xie XD. Matrine Reduces Proliferation of Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Changing miRNA Expression Profiles. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2169-77. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Khakshour S, Beischlag TV, Sparrey C, Park EJ. Mechanical characterization of ART-treated Jurkat cells using optical tweezers. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2014; 2014:6806-6809. [PMID: 25571559 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6945191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoid leukemia is a common type of blood cancer and chemotherapy is the initial treatment of choice. Quantifying the effectiveness of a chemotherapeutic drug at the cellular level plays an important role in the process of the treatment. In this study, an optical tweezer was employed to characterize the mechanical properties of Jurkat cells exposed to artesunate (ART) as a chemotherapy. A mathematical model was developed to describe the mechanical characteristics of the cell membrane and its features. By comparing the modeling results against experimental results from the optical tweezer, the elastic modulus of the Jurkat cells before and after ART treatment was calculated. The results demonstrate an increase in the cell stiffness after treatment. Therefore, the elastic modulus of a cell membrane may be a useful biomarker to quantify the effectiveness of a chemotherapeutic agent.
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18
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Bester J, Buys AV, Lipinski B, Kell DB, Pretorius E. High ferritin levels have major effects on the morphology of erythrocytes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:88. [PMID: 24367334 PMCID: PMC3853801 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Unliganded iron both contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and also changes the morphology of erythrocytes (RBCs). We tested the hypothesis that these two facts might be linked, i.e., that the RBCs of AD individuals have a variant morphology, that might have diagnostic or prognostic value. Methods: We included a literature survey of AD and its relationships to the vascular system, followed by a laboratory study. Four different microscopy techniques were used and results statistically compared to analyze trends between high and normal serum ferritin (SF) AD individuals. Results: Light and scanning electron microscopies showed little difference between the morphologies of RBCs taken from healthy individuals and from normal SF AD individuals. By contrast, there were substantial changes in the morphology of RBCs taken from high SF AD individuals. These differences were also observed using confocal microscopy and as a significantly greater membrane stiffness (measured using force-distance curves). Conclusion: We argue that high ferritin levels may contribute to an accelerated pathology in AD. Our findings reinforce the importance of (unliganded) iron in AD, and suggest the possibility both of an early diagnosis and some means of treating or slowing down the progress of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Antoinette V Buys
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
| | | | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester Lancs, UK
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
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19
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Pillet F, Chopinet L, Formosa C, Dague E. Atomic Force Microscopy and pharmacology: from microbiology to cancerology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1028-50. [PMID: 24291690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used to study biological samples. Researchers take advantage of its ability to image living samples to increase our fundamental knowledge (biophysical properties/biochemical behavior) on living cell surface properties, at the nano-scale. SCOPE OF REVIEW AFM, in the imaging modes, can probe cells morphological modifications induced by drugs. In the force spectroscopy mode, it is possible to follow the nanomechanical properties of a cell and to probe the mechanical modifications induced by drugs. AFM can be used to map single molecule distribution at the cell surface. We will focus on a collection of results aiming at evaluating the nano-scale effects of drugs, by AFM. Studies on yeast, bacteria and mammal cells will illustrate our discussion. Especially, we will show how AFM can help in getting a better understanding of drug mechanism of action. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that AFM is a versatile tool, useful in pharmacology. In microbiology, it has been used to study the drugs fighting Candida albicans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The major conclusions are a better understanding of the microbes' cell wall and of the drugs mechanism of action. In cancerology, AFM has been used to explore the effects of cytotoxic drugs or as an innovative diagnostic technology. AFM has provided original results on cultured cells, cells extracted from patient and directly on patient biopsies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review enhances the interest of AFM technologies for pharmacology. The applications reviewed range from microbiology to cancerology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Pillet
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Louise Chopinet
- CNRS, IPBS-UMR 5089, BP64182, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Cécile Formosa
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Etienne Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; CNRS; ITAV-USR 3505; F31106 Toulouse, France.
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20
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Sun J, Bai S, Bai W, Zou F, Zhang L, Su Z, Zhang Q, Ou S, Huang Y. Toxic mechanisms of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol on progesterone production in R2C rat leydig cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9955-9960. [PMID: 24040863 DOI: 10.1021/jf400809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a well-known food processing contaminant that has been shown to impede the male reproductive function. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this study, the effects of 3-MCPD on progesterone production were investigated using R2C Leydig cells. 3-MCPD caused concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability at the IC25, IC50, and IC75 levels of 1.027, 1.802, and 3.160 mM, respectively. Single cell gel/comet assay and atomic force microscopy assay showed that 3-MCPD significantly induced early apoptosis. In addition, 3-MCPD significantly reduced progesterone production by reducing the expression of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in R2C cells. The change in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression was highly consistent with progesterone production. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential and cAMP significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510006, China
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21
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Wang L, Chen T, Zhou X, Huang Q, Jin C. Atomic force microscopy observation of lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton reorganization. Micron 2013; 51:48-53. [PMID: 23906659 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular cytoskeleton reorganization in primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mouse. The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 was used to remove the membrane, soluble proteins, and organelles from the cell. The remaining cytoskeleton can then be directly visualized by AFM. Using three-dimensional technique of AFM, we were able to quantify the changes of cytoskeleton by the "density" and total "volume" of the cytoskeleton fibers. Compared to the control group, the density of cytoskeleton was remarkably decreased and the volume of cytoskeleton was significantly increased after LPS treatment, which suggests that LPS may induce the cytoskeleton reorganization and change the cardiomyocyte morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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22
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Wang Z, Liu L, Wang Y, Xi N, Dong Z, Li M, Yuan S. A fully automated system for measuring cellular mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:443-8. [PMID: 23015516 DOI: 10.1177/2211068212460236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a novel effective label-free biomarker, the mechanical properties of cells have become increasingly important. However, the current methods of mapping cellular mechanical properties are mostly carried out manually, resulting in measurements that are time-consuming with low efficiency. In this article, a fully automated system of measuring the mechanical properties of cells based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) is proposed. In this system, the cells are recognized using an image-processing method and the relative position of the cell, and the AFM tip is accurately calibrated by the local scan method, meaning that the mechanical properties of cells can be measured sequentially without performing the step of AFM imaging. In addition, with the implementation of the automation, the high-throughput measurement of cellular mechanical properties can be performed rapidly. The capability of our system is validated on Raji cells, and the results indicate that the measurement rate of our system is 26 times faster than that of the traditional manual method, providing the technology for high-throughput measurement of cellular mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Wang C, Xie J, Chen X, Xu Y, Mao P. Detection of erythrocytes in patient with iron deficiency anemia using atomic force microscopy. SCANNING 2012; 34:215-220. [PMID: 22076750 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) disturbs the morphology and function of erythrocytes at molecular level. The purpose of this study was to show that pathophysiological changes to erythrocytes could be detected at the nanometer scale, which is important for the early diagnosis and effective therapies of the anemia. METHODS Blood samples were taken from six healthy volunteers and six patients with IDA before and after therapy. Changes in the morphological and biomechanical properties of erythrocytes were studied at the nanometer level using atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS There were dramatic overall shape and surface membrane deformations of the erythrocytes associated with pre- and post-therapeutic IDA compared with healthy erythrocytes. Healthy and pathological erythrocytes of IDA could be distinguished by the morphologic parameters of width, length, the ratio of length to width, valley, peak, valley-to-peak, standard deviations, and surface fluctuation. Treatment effectiveness also could be evaluated by these parameters. CONCLUSIONS AFM is a good tool for IDA study. Erythrocyte morphology is an important determinant for diagnosing and evaluating therapeutic effect of IDA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Luo S, Shi Q, Zha Z, Yao P, Lin H, Liu N, Wu H, Jin H, Cai J. Morphology and mechanics of chondroid cells from human adipose-derived Stem cells detected by atomic force microscopy. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:223-31. [PMID: 22403013 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondroid cell from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has emerged as an alternative treatment option for articular cartilage defects. Herein, we successfully compared ADSCs, normal chondrocytes, and chondroid cells. The comparative study of ADSCs and chondroid cells revealed type II collagen (COL II) and glycosaminoglycans expression of chondroid cells were similar to those in normal chondrocytes, and much higher than ADSCs. Using atomic force microscope (AFM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), we compared the differences in morphology, mechanical properties, and F-actin distribution between chondroid cells and normal chondrocytes. Our results showed no differences observed between these two types of cells regarding morphology, stiffness, and F-actin distribution. However, found that the adhesion force in chondroid cells was lower than that in normal chondrocytes. Taken together, our AFM and LCSM analyses suggest that the lower adhesion force in chondroid cells may contribute to the dedifferentiation of ADSC-derived chondroid cells. Future examination of surface adhesion force-related protein expression will likely provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation of ADSC-derived chondroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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25
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Efremov Y, Pukhlyakova E, Bagrov D, Shaitan K. Atomic force microscopy of living and fixed Xenopus laevis embryos. Micron 2011; 42:840-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jin H, Ma S, Song B, Ma L, Pi J, Chen X, Chen Y, Cai J. Liposome impaired the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells: an AFM study. SCANNING 2011; 33:413-418. [PMID: 21773977 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer has been proven to be a promising approach for treatment of several diseases. The cytotoxicity of transfection reagents is one of the key factors for clinical applications. The cytotoxicity of liposome has been extensively studied. However, its effects on the adhesion and spreading of transformed cells are still unclear. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of liposome on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of HEK293 cells were first evaluated. Then, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was recruited to investigate the effects of liposome on the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells. AFM data indicated that liposome induced a significant decrease in number of cellular pseudopodia and cell-surface particles, in cell-surface roughness, and in average adhesion force of cell membranes. The AFM data implied that liposome impaired the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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27
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Lee GJ, Chae SJ, Jeong JH, Lee SR, Ha SJ, Pak YK, Kim W, Park HK. Characterization of mitochondria isolated from normal and ischemic hearts in rats utilizing atomic force microscopy. Micron 2011; 42:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has emerged as the tool of choice to image living organisms in a near-physiological environment. Whereas fluorescence microscopy techniques allow labeling and tracking of components inside cells and the observation of dynamic processes, AFM is mainly a surface technique that can be operated on a wide range of substrates including biological samples. AFM enables extraction of topographical, mechanical and chemical information from these samples.
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Lithium inhibits cell volume regulation by acting on chloride channels and modifies ultrastructures of the cell membrane in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 641:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Zhu J, Sabharwal T, Guo L, Lee J, Wang L, Wang G. Effects of probe pollutants on morphological and mechanical measurements of muscle and collagen fibers using atomic force microscopy. SCANNING 2010; 32:113-121. [PMID: 20839294 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Because of the interaction between probes and samples, pollutants in buffer solution or in the air would easily bind to probes and make the probe polluted, which might influence the morphological and mechanical measurements with atomic force microscopy. The polluted probes might transfer the pollutants onto the samples and thus change the surface ultrastructure of samples, or collect the deviated feedback signals to make the phantasm images. The former process is irreversible even if a new probe is employed, and the latter one is a reversible process as long as changing the used/polluted probe. Effects of polluted probes on morphological and mechanical characteristics of insect flight muscle and rat tail tendon collagen I fibers had been discussed in this study, in which, we constructed a series of methods to avoid/reduce the collecting of phantasm images and deviated mechanical information, such as changing the scanning direction and scanning force, replacing the new probes, or cleaning the polluted probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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31
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Olety B, Wälte M, Honnert U, Schillers H, Bähler M. Myosin 1G (Myo1G) is a haematopoietic specific myosin that localises to the plasma membrane and regulates cell elasticity. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:493-9. [PMID: 19968988 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells navigate through different environments where they experience different mechanical forces. Responses to external forces are determined by the mechanical properties of a cell and they depend to a large extent on the actin-rich cell cortex. We report here that Myo1G, a previously uncharacterised member of class I myosins, is expressed specifically in haematopoietic tissues and cells. It is associated with the plasma membrane. This association is dependent on a conserved PH-domain-like myosin I tail homology motif and the head domain. However, the head domain does not need to be a functional motor. Knockdown of Myo1G in Jurkat cells decreased cell elasticity significantly. We propose that Myo1G regulates cell elasticity by deformations of the actin network at the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Olety
- Institute of General Zoology and Genetics, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
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32
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Yan T, Sun R, Deng H, Tan B, Ao N. The morphological and biomechanical changes of keratocytes cultured on modified p (HEMA-MMA) hydrogel studied by AFM. SCANNING 2009; 31:246-252. [PMID: 20187087 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The poor integration with host cornea tissue and the low mechanical properties of pHEMA hydrogel for artificial cornea remains a difficult problem to solve. A modified pHEMA hydrogel, MMA copolymerized and type-I collagen and bFGF immobilized, was previously prepared in an attempt to solve the problems. In this study, the cytotoxicity of Col/bFGF-p (HEMA-MMA) and p (HEMA-MMA) was studied by cell adhesion assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of cell adhesion assay show that the attachment of keratocytes on the modified membrane is much higher than that of the unmodified membrane. This indicates that the material after modification have better cell-material interaction. The AFM images reveal that the morphology of keratocytes cultured on different substrate is obviously different. The cell cultured on modified membrane presented a completely elongated and spindle-shape morphology. The force-distance indicates that the biomechanical of keratocytes changes significantly after culturing on different substrates. The adhesion force (2328+/-523 pN) and Young's modulus (0.51+/-0.125 kPa) of the cell cultured on modified membrane are much higher, and the stiffness (0.08+/-0.022 mN/m) is lower than those of the cell cultured on unmodified membrane. These results show that the cytotoxicity of Col/bFGF-p (HEMA-MMA) for keratocytes is much improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang B. Atomic force microscopy study on chlorpromazine-induced morphological changes of living HeLa cells In Vitro. SCANNING 2009; 31:259-265. [PMID: 20301192 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced morphological changes of living human cervical carcinoma cells were investigated by atomic force microscopy in near physiological condition. The results showed that the cell morphology changed visibly with time in the presence of CPZ (>21 microM). The cell membrane shrank gradually and detached finally from the substrate. After being treated with CPZ for 50 min, the cell volume increased by about 27.6% while its projective area (cell adhered to the substrate) decreased by about 12%. The mechanism was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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